Outline of arithmetic

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to arithmetic:

Arithmetic – considered the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics that is used by almost everyone, arithmetic is also an important part of many higher level mathematics courses, and it actually encompasses a wide variety of material. It is used for tasks ranging from simple day-to-day counting to advanced science and business calculations. It involves the study of quantity, especially as the result of operations that combine numbers. In common usage, it refers to the simpler properties when using the traditional operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division with smaller values of numbers.

What type of thing is arithmetic?

Arithmetic can be described as:

A branch of science, specifically formal science

The four symbols that are commonly used in arithmetic

Essence of arithmetic

• Elementary arithmetic
• Decimal arithmetic
• Decimal point
• Numeral
• Place value
• Face value

History of arithmetic

Arithmetic operations and related concepts

• Order of operations
• Addition
  • Sum
  • Additive inverse
• Subtraction
• Multiplication
  • Multiplicative inverse
  • Multiples
    • Common multiples
      • Least common multiple
• Division
  • Quotient
  • Fraction
    • Decimal fraction
    • Proper fraction
    • Improper fraction
    • Vulgar fraction
    • Ratio
    • Common denominator
      • Lowest common denominator
  • Factoring
    • Fundamental theorem of arithmetic
    • Prime number
      • Prime number theorem
      • Distribution of primes
    • Composite number
    • Factor
      • Common factors
        • Greatest common divisor, also called greatest common factor
• Power
  • Exponent
• Square root
• Cube root
• Properties of operations
  • Associative property
  • Commutative property
  • Distributive property

Types of numbers

• Real number
  • Rational number
    • Integer
      • Natural number
  • Irrational number
• Odd number
• Even number
• Positive number
• Negative number
• Prime number
• Whole number
• Natural number

Elementary statistics

• Mean
  • Weighted mean
• Median
• Mode

Other basic concepts

• Combinations
• Percentage
• Permutations
• Proportion
• Rounding
• Scientific notation

Modern arithmetic

• Riemann zeta function
• L-functions
• Multiplicative functions
• Modular forms

See also

• Elementary mathematics
• Table of mathematical symbols

External links

• MathWorld article about arithmetic
• The New Student's Reference Work/Arithmetic (historical)
• Maximus Planudes' the Great Calculation an early western work on arithmetic at Convergence