Orange County, California

Orange County, California
County
County of Orange
Images, from top down, left to right: Aerial view of the coast of Newport Beach, Sleeping Beauty Castle in Disneyland, Huntington Beach Pier, San Clemente Pier, Laguna Beach
Flag Seal
Location in the state of California
Cities in Orange County
Coordinates: 33°40′N 117°47′W / 33.67°N 117.78°W / 33.67; -117.78Coordinates: 33°40′N 117°47′W / 33.67°N 117.78°W / 33.67; -117.78
Country	United States
State	California
Region	Greater Los Angeles Area
Incorporated	March 11, 1889[1]
Named for	the orange fruit
County seat	Santa Ana
Largest cities	Anaheim
Government
• Body	Board of Supervisors[2] Andrew Do Michelle Steel Todd Spitzer Shawn Nelson Lisa A. Bartlett
• County Executive	Frank Kim[3]
Area
• Total	948 sq mi (2,460 km2)
• Land	791 sq mi (2,050 km2)
• Water	157 sq mi (410 km2)
Highest elevation[4]	5,690 ft (1,730 m)
Population (April 1, 2010)[5]
• Total	3,010,232
• Estimate (2014)[5]	3,145,515
• Density	3,200/sq mi (1,200/km2)
Demonym(s)	Orange Countian
Time zone	Pacific Time Zone (UTC−8)
• Summer (DST)	Pacific Daylight Time (UTC−7)
Area codes	562, 657/714, 949
FIPS code	06-059
GNIS feature ID	277294
Website	www.ocgov.com

Orange County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 3,010,232^[5] making it the third-most populous county in California, the sixth-most populous in the United States, and more populous than twenty-one U.S. states.^[6] Its county seat is Santa Ana.^[7] It is the second most densely populated county in the state, second only to San Francisco County.^[8] The county's four largest cities, Anaheim, Santa Ana, Irvine, and Huntington Beach each have populations exceeding 200,000. Several of Orange County's cities are on the Pacific coast, including Huntington Beach, Newport Beach, Laguna Beach, and San Clemente.

Orange County is included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Thirty-four incorporated cities are located in the county; the newest is Aliso Viejo, which was incorporated in 2001. Anaheim was the first city, incorporated in 1870, when the region was still part of neighboring Los Angeles County. Whereas most population centers in the United States tend to be identified by a major city, there is no defined urban center in Orange County. It is mostly suburban except for some traditionally urban areas at the centers of the older cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, Huntington Beach, Orange, and Santa Ana. There are several edge city-style developments such as Irvine Business Center, Newport Center, and South Coast Metro.

The county is famous for its tourism as the home of attractions like Disneyland, Knott's Berry Farm, and several beaches along its more than 40 miles (64 km) of coastline. It is also known for its political conservatism — a 2005 academic study listed three Orange County cities as among America's 25 most conservative, making it one of two counties in the nation containing more than one such city. (Maricopa County, Arizona also has three cities on the list.^[9]) It is part of the Tech Coast.

Orange County was at one time the largest county to have declared bankruptcy. In 1994, longtime treasurer and Democratic party politician Robert Citron's investment strategies left the county with inadequate capital to allow for any rise in interest rates for its trading positions. When the residents of Orange County voted down a proposal to raise taxes in order to balance the budget, bankruptcy followed soon after. Citron later pleaded guilty to six felonies regarding the matter.^[10]

History

Members of the Tongva, Juaneño, and Luiseño Native American groups long inhabited the area. After the 1769 expedition of Gaspar de Portolà, a Catalan expedition led by Junipero Serra named the area Valle de Santa Ana (Valley of Saint Anne). On November 1, 1776, Mission San Juan Capistrano became the area's first permanent European settlement. Among those who came with Portolá were José Manuel Nieto and José Antonio Yorba. Both these men were given land grants—Rancho Los Nietos and Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, respectively. The Nieto heirs were granted land in 1834. The Nieto ranches were known as Rancho Los Alamitos, Rancho Las Bolsas, and Rancho Los Coyotes. Yorba heirs Bernardo Yorba and Teodosio Yorba were also granted Rancho Cañón de Santa Ana (Santa Ana Canyon Ranch) and Rancho Lomas de Santiago, respectively. Other ranchos in Orange County were granted by the Mexican government during the Mexican period in Alta California.^[11]

A severe drought in the 1860s devastated the prevailing industry, cattle ranching, and much land came into the possession of Richard O'Neill, Sr.,^[12] James Irvine and other land barons. In 1887, silver was discovered in the Santa Ana Mountains, attracting settlers via the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific Railroads.

This growth led the California legislature to divide Los Angeles County and create Orange County as a separate political entity on March 11, 1889. The county is said to have been named for the citrus fruit in an attempt to promote immigration by suggesting a semi-tropical paradise–a place where anything could grow.^[13]

Other citrus crops, avocados, and oil extraction were also important to the early economy. Orange County benefited from the July 4, 1904 completion of the Pacific Electric Railway, a trolley connecting Los Angeles with Santa Ana and Newport Beach. The link made Orange County an accessible weekend retreat for celebrities of early Hollywood. It was deemed so significant that Pacific City changed its name to Huntington Beach in honor of Henry Huntington, president of the Pacific Electric and nephew of Collis Huntington. Transportation further improved with the completion of the State Route and U.S. Route 101 (now mostly Interstate 5) in the 1920s.

Agriculture, such as that involving the boysenberries made famous by Buena Park native Walter Knott, began to decline after World War II. However, the county's prosperity soared during this time. The completion of Interstate 5 in 1954 helped make Orange County a bedroom community for many who moved to Southern California to work in aerospace and manufacturing. Orange County received a further boost in 1955 with the opening of Disneyland.

In 1969, Yorba Linda-born Orange County native Richard Nixon became the 37th President of the United States.

In the 1980s, Orange County had become the second most populous county in California as the population topped two million for the first time.

In 1994, an investment fund meltdown led to the criminal prosecution of treasurer Robert Citron. The county lost at least $1.5 billion through high-risk investments in bonds. The loss was blamed on derivatives by some media reports.^[14] On December 6, 1994, the County of Orange declared Chapter 9 bankruptcy,^[14] from which it emerged on June 12, 1996.^[15] The Orange County bankruptcy was at the time the largest municipal bankruptcy in U.S. history.^[14]

In recent years, land use conflicts have arisen between established areas in the north and less developed areas in the south. These conflicts have regarded issues such as construction of new toll roads and the repurposing of a decommissioned air base. El Toro Marine Corps Air Station was designated by a voter measure in 1994 to be developed into an international airport to complement the existing John Wayne Airport. But subsequent voter initiatives and court actions have caused the airport plan to be permanently shelved. Instead, it will become the Orange County Great Park.^[16]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 948 square miles (2,460 km²), of which 791 square miles (2,050 km²) is land and 157 square miles (410 km²) (16.6%) is water.^[17] It is the smallest county in Southern California. The average annual temperature is about 68 °F (20 °C).

Orange County is bordered on the southwest by the Pacific Ocean, on the north by Los Angeles County, on the northeast by San Bernardino County and Riverside County, and on the southeast by San Diego County.

The northwestern part of the county lies on the coastal plain of the Los Angeles Basin, while the southeastern end rises into the foothills of the Santa Ana Mountains. Most of Orange County's population reside in one of two shallow coastal valleys that lie in the basin, the Santa Ana Valley and the Saddleback Valley. The Santa Ana Mountains lie within the eastern boundaries of the county and of the Cleveland National Forest. The high point is Santiago Peak (5,689 feet (1,734 m)^[18]), about 20 mi (32 km) east of Santa Ana. Santiago Peak and nearby Modjeska Peak, just 200 feet (60 m) shorter, form a ridge known as Saddleback, visible from almost everywhere in the county. The Peralta Hills extend westward from the Santa Ana Mountains through the communities of Anaheim Hills, Orange, and ending in Olive. The Loma Ridge is another prominent feature, running parallel to the Santa Ana Mountains through the central part of the county, separated from the taller mountains to the east by Santiago Canyon.

The Santa Ana River is the county's principal watercourse, flowing through the middle of the county from northeast to southwest. Its major tributary to the south and east is Santiago Creek. Other watercourses within the county include Aliso Creek, San Juan Creek, and Horsethief Creek. In the North, the San Gabriel River also briefly crosses into Orange County and exits into the Pacific on the Los Angeles-Orange County line between the cities of Long Beach and Seal Beach. Laguna Beach is home to the county's only natural lakes, Laguna Lakes, which are formed by water rising up against an underground fault.

Residents sometimes divide the county into north Orange County and south Orange County. In effect, this is a division of the county into northwestern and southeastern halves following the county's natural diagonal orientation along the coast. This is more of a cultural and demographic distinction perpetuated by the popular television shows The OC, The Real Housewives of Orange County and Laguna Beach. The distinction exists between the older areas closer to Los Angeles and the more affluent and recently developed areas to the south. A transition between older and newer development may be considered to exist roughly parallel to State Route 55, also known as the Costa Mesa Freeway. This transition is accentuated by large flanking tracts of sparsely developed area occupied until recent years by agriculture and military airfields.

While there is a northeast to southwest topographic transition from elevated areas inland to the lower coastal band, there is no formal geographic division between North and South County. Perpendicular to that gradient, the Santa Ana River roughly divides the county into northwestern and southeastern sectors. Each sector comprises 40 to 60 percent of the county respectively by area. There are significant political, demographic, economic, and cultural distinctions between North and South Orange County, with North Orange County having greater populations of people of color, younger populations, greater percentages of renters, lower median incomes, higher rates of unemployment, and greater proportions of voters registered as Democrats versus as Republicans. However, certain areas in both North and South Orange County vary from these general trends.^[19]

National protected areas

• Cleveland National Forest (part)
• Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge

Demographics

2011

Population, race, and income
Total population[20]	2,989,948
White[20]	1,852,969	62.0%
Black or African American[20]	49,513	1.7%
American Indian or Alaska Native[20]	12,548	0.4%
Asian[20]	532,499	17.8%
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander[20]	9,331	0.3%
Some other race[20]	445,801	14.9%
Two or more races[20]	87,287	2.9%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)[21]	994,279	33.3%
Per capita income[22]	$34,416
Median household income[23]	$75,762
Median family income[24]	$85,009

Places by population, race, and income

Places by population and race
Place	Type[25]	Population[20]	White[20]	Other[20] [note 1]	Asian[20]	Black or African American[20]	Native American[20] [note 2]	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)[21]
Aliso Viejo	City	47,037	71.3%	11.6%	13.6%	3.3%	0.1%	17.0%
Anaheim	City	335,057	60.2%	21.8%	14.6%	2.7%	0.7%	53.0%
Anaheim Hills	City	55,036	72.2%	4.6%	17.1%	2.0%	0.3%	12.1%
Brea	City	38,837	71.0%	10.1%	17.5%	1.0%	0.5%	23.6%
Buena Park	City	80,214	53.4%	14.9%	26.1%	4.5%	1.1%	37.7%
Costa Mesa	City	109,796	70.6%	18.4%	8.7%	1.3%	1.0%	34.7%
Coto de Caza	CDP	14,974	87.7%	4.8%	5.9%	1.5%	0.0%	6.1%
Cypress	City	47,610	58.5%	7.5%	31.1%	2.1%	0.7%	18.1%
Dana Point	City	33,510	89.4%	7.1%	2.8%	0.4%	0.3%	15.3%
Fountain Valley	City	55,209	55.9%	7.1%	35.1%	1.4%	0.5%	12.6%
Fullerton	City	134,079	53.6%	19.3%	23.3%	3.0%	0.7%	33.1%
Garden Grove	City	170,148	43.2%	16.4%	37.8%	1.2%	1.4%	36.3%
Huntington Beach	City	189,744	77.8%	9.5%	11.0%	0.8%	0.9%	17.1%
Irvine	City	205,057	53.7%	6.2%	37.5%	1.8%	0.7%	9.4%
Ladera Ranch	CDP	21,412	79.4%	8.4%	11.3%	0.8%	0.1%	15.6%
Laguna Beach	City	22,808	91.2%	4.2%	3.7%	0.7%	0.2%	7.3%
Laguna Hills	City	30,477	74.0%	13.4%	11.7%	0.5%	0.4%	18.6%
Laguna Niguel	City	62,855	79.5%	8.2%	9.7%	2.1%	0.5%	12.5%
Laguna Woods	City	16,276	88.0%	1.6%	9.5%	0.9%	0.0%	3.8%
La Habra	City	60,117	54.8%	35.4%	7.2%	2.0%	0.6%	58.0%
Lake Forest	City	77,111	67.3%	14.9%	15.1%	1.9%	0.7%	22.8%
La Palma	City	15,536	40.4%	6.3%	45.7%	6.5%	1.1%	13.7%
Las Flores	CDP	5,911	76.3%	8.1%	14.2%	1.0%	0.4%	12.5%
Los Alamitos	City	11,442	73.0%	9.6%	13.7%	3.3%	0.4%	20.5%
Midway City	CDP	8,052	35.2%	15.5%	47.1%	0.2%	1.9%	27.7%
Mission Viejo	City	93,076	79.8%	9.1%	9.2%	1.3%	0.6%	15.3%
Newport Beach	City	84,417	87.7%	3.9%	7.6%	0.6%	0.1%	7.1%
North Tustin	CDP	24,572	84.9%	4.8%	8.9%	0.5%	0.9%	12.1%
Orange	City	135,582	61.5%	24.3%	12.3%	1.3%	0.5%	37.9%
Placentia	City	50,089	66.4%	16.6%	15.0%	1.6%	0.4%	38.2%
Rancho Santa Margarita	City	47,769	78.0%	9.5%	10.6%	1.4%	0.5%	16.9%
Rossmoor	CDP	10,099	88.0%	3.3%	8.1%	0.4%	0.2%	8.9%
San Clemente	City	62,052	83.4%	10.7%	4.6%	0.6%	0.8%	14.8%
San Juan Capistrano	City	34,455	70.6%	25.3%	3.3%	0.3%	0.5%	37.7%
Santa Ana	City	325,517	42.1%	46.0%	10.1%	1.2%	0.7%	78.7%
Seal Beach	City	24,157	83.2%	6.2%	9.6%	0.5%	0.5%	10.6%
Stanton	City	38,141	44.4%	29.5%	22.0%	2.8%	1.3%	47.7%
Sunset Beach	CDP	1,486	87.7%	5.1%	2.7%	4.5%	0.0%	5.5%
Tustin	City	74,625	56.6%	19.5%	20.8%	2.0%	1.1%	37.9%
Villa Park	City	5,825	76.1%	8.4%	15.3%	0.1%	0.0%	8.1%
Westminster	City	89,440	40.1%	11.1%	47.2%	0.8%	0.8%	22.3%
Yorba Linda	City	63,578	75.7%	6.4%	15.5%	1.6%	0.7%	14.5%

Places by population and income
Place	Type[25]	Population[26]	Per capita income[22]	Median household income[23]	Median family income[24]
Aliso Viejo	City	47,037	$44,646	$99,095	$113,183
Anaheim	City	335,057	$23,109	$59,330	$63,180
Anaheim Hills	City	55,036	$52,195	$123,260	$148,360
Brea	City	38,837	$36,195	$81,278	$98,159
Buena Park	City	80,214	$23,470	$64,809	$68,872
Costa Mesa	City	109,796	$33,800	$65,471	$74,201
Coto de Caza	CDP	14,974	$65,625	$164,385	$176,686
Cypress	City	47,610	$32,815	$82,954	$92,276
Dana Point	City	33,510	$51,431	$83,306	$101,186
Fountain Valley	City	55,209	$35,487	$81,661	$91,003
Fullerton	City	134,079	$30,967	$69,432	$78,812
Garden Grove	City	170,148	$21,066	$60,036	$62,820
Huntington Beach	City	189,744	$42,127	$80,901	$99,038
Irvine	City	205,057	$43,102	$92,599	$109,762
Ladera Ranch	CDP	21,412	$48,671	$132,475	$143,857
Laguna Beach	City	22,808	$81,591	$99,190	$139,833
Laguna Hills	City	30,477	$44,751	$85,971	$105,385
Laguna Niguel	City	62,855	$51,491	$100,480	$119,757
Laguna Woods	City	16,276	$36,017	$35,393	$50,332
La Habra	City	60,117	$24,589	$63,356	$69,028
Lake Forest	City	77,111	$39,844	$94,632	$108,211
La Palma	City	15,536	$34,475	$84,693	$92,757
Las Flores	CDP	5,911	$46,717	$128,269	$135,046
Los Alamitos	City	11,442	$38,527	$79,861	$90,409
Midway City	CDP	8,052	$18,610	$46,714	$55,168
Mission Viejo	City	93,076	$41,436	$96,420	$109,693
Newport Beach	City	84,417	$80,872	$108,946	$151,773
North Tustin	CDP	24,572	$55,038	$109,629	$119,543
Orange	City	135,582	$32,797	$78,654	$88,423
Placentia	City	50,089	$30,451	$78,364	$90,372
Rancho Santa Margarita	City	47,769	$41,787	$104,167	$116,540
Rossmoor	CDP	10,099	$51,210	$108,427	$119,727
San Clemente	City	62,052	$47,894	$89,289	$107,524
San Juan Capistrano	City	34,455	$39,097	$73,806	$86,744
Santa Ana	City	325,517	$16,564	$54,399	$53,111
Seal Beach	City	24,157	$44,115	$50,958	$94,035
Stanton	City	38,141	$20,558	$51,933	$53,968
Sunset Beach	CDP	1,486	$47,415	$68,036	$109,125
Tustin	City	74,625	$32,854	$73,231	$80,963
Villa Park	City	5,825	$71,697	$151,139	$165,833
Westminster	City	89,440	$23,201	$56,867	$61,145
Yorba Linda	City	63,578	$49,485	$115,291	$128,528

2010

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1890	13,589		—
1900	19,696		44.9%
1910	34,436		74.8%
1920	61,375		78.2%
1930	118,674		93.4%
1940	130,760		10.2%
1950	216,224		65.4%
1960	703,925		225.6%
1970	1,420,386		101.8%
1980	1,932,709		36.1%
1990	2,410,556		24.7%
2000	2,846,289		18.1%
2010	3,010,232		5.8%
Est. 2014	3,145,515		4.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[27] 1790–1960[28] 1900–1990[29] 1990–2000[30] 2010–2014[5]

The 2010 United States Census reported that Orange County had a population of 3,010,232. The racial makeup of Orange County was 1,830,758 (60.8%) White (44.0% non-Hispanic white), 50,744 (1.7%) African American, 18,132 (0.6%) Native American, 537,804 (17.9%) Asian, 9,354 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 435,641 (14.5%) from other races, and 127,799 (4.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,012,973 persons (33.7%).^[31]

The Hispanic and Latino population is predominantly of Mexican origin; this group accounts for 28.5% of the county's population, followed by Salvadorans (0.8%), Guatemalans (0.5%), Puerto Ricans (0.4%), Cubans (0.3%), Colombians (0.3%), and Peruvians (0.3%).^[32]

Among the Asian population, 6.1% are Vietnamese, followed by Koreans (2.9%), Chinese (2.7%), Filipinos (2.4%), Indians (1.4%), Japanese (1.1%), Cambodians (0.2%) Pakistanis (0.2%), Thais (0.1%), Indonesians (0.1%), and Laotians (0.1%).^[32] According to KPCC in 2014, Orange County has the largest proportion of Asian Americans in Southern California, where one in five residents are Asian American.^[33] There is also a significant Muslim population in the county.^[34]

Population reported at 2010 United States Census
The County	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Orange County	3,010,232	1,830,758	67,708	18,132	537,804	9,354	435,641	127,799	1,012,973
Incorporated cities	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Aliso Viejo	47,823	34,437	967	151	6,996	89	2,446	2,737	8,164
Anaheim	336,265	177,237	9,347	2,648	49,857	1,607	80,705	14,864	177,467
Brea	39,282	26,363	1,549	190	7,144	69	3,236	1,731	9,817
Buena Park	80,530	36,454	3,073	862	21,488	455	14,066	4,132	31,638
Costa Mesa	109,960	75,335	1,640	686	8,654	527	17,992	5,126	39,403
Cypress	47,802	26,000	1,444	289	14,978	234	2,497	2,360	8,779
Dana Point	33,351	28,701	294	229	1,064	37	1,952	1,074	5,662
Fountain Valley	55,313	31,225	1,510	229	18,418	171	2,445	2,315	7,250
Fullerton	135,161	72,845	4,138	842	30,788	321	21,439	5,788	46,501
Garden Grove	170,883	68,149	3,155	983	63,451	1,110	28,916	6,119	63,079
Huntington Beach	189,992	145,661	1,813	992	21,070	635	11,193	8,628	32,411
Irvine	212,375	107,215	3,868	355	83,176	334	5,867	11,710	19,621
La Habra	60,239	35,147	1,025	531	5,653	103	15,224	2,556	34,449
La Palma	15,568	5,762	802	56	7,483	41	760	664	2,487
Laguna Beach	22,723	20,645	278	61	811	15	350	663	1,650
Laguna Hills	30,344	22,045	520	101	3,829	58	2,470	1,421	6,242
Laguna Niguel	62,979	50,625	877	219	5,459	87	3,019	2,793	8,761
Laguna Woods	16,192	14,133	110	24	1,624	10	90	201	650
Lake Forest	77,264	54,341	1,695	384	10,115	191	7,267	3,671	19,024
Los Alamitos	11,449	8,131	324	51	1,471	50	726	696	2,418
Mission Viejo	93,305	74,493	1,710	379	8,462	153	4,332	4,276	15,877
Newport Beach	85,186	74,357	616	223	5,982	114	1,401	2,493	6,174
Orange	136,416	91,522	3,627	993	15,350	352	20,567	5,405	52,014
Placentia	50,533	31,373	914	386	7,531	74	8,247	2,008	18,416
Rancho Santa Margarita	47,853	37,421	887	182	4,350	102	2,674	2,237	8,902
San Clemente	63,522	54,605	511	363	2,333	90	3,433	2,287	10,702
San Juan Capistrano	34,593	26,664	293	286	975	33	5,234	1,208	13,388
Santa Ana	324,528	148,838	6,356	3,260	34,138	976	120,789	11,671	253,928
Seal Beach	24,168	20,154	279	65	2,309	58	453	850	2,331
Stanton	38,186	16,991	3,358	405	8,831	217	9,274	1,610	19,417
Tustin	75,540	39,729	2,722	442	15,299	268	14,499	3,581	30,024
Villa Park	5,812	4,550	92	34	854	1	162	169	598
Westminster	89,701	32,037	2,849	397	42,597	361	10,229	3,231	21,176
Yorba Linda	64,234	48,246	835	230	10,030	85	2,256	2,552	9,220
Census-designated places	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Coto de Caza	14,866	13,094	132	26	878	20	174	542	1,170
Ladera Ranch	22,980	17,899	335	54	2,774	27	624	1,267	2,952
Las Flores	5,971	4,488	91	23	780	12	261	316	984
Midway City	8,485	2,884	71	65	3,994	40	1,165	266	2,467
North Tustin	24,917	20,836	148	104	1,994	52	908	875	3,260
Rossmoor	10,244	8,691	84	36	838	29	168	398	1,174
Unincorporated communities	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
All others not CDPs (combined)	32,726	20,572	4,365	290	3,934	144	6,113	1,272	13,247

2000

As of the census^[35] of 2000, there were 2,846,289 people, 935,287 households, and 667,794 families residing in the county, making Orange County the second most populous county in California. The population density was 1,392/km² (3,606/sq mi). There were 969,484 housing units at an average density of 474/km² (1,228/sq mi). The racial makeup of the county was 64.8% White, 13.6% Asian, 1.7% African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 14.8% from other races, and 4.1% from two or more races. 30.8% are Hispanic or Latino of any race. 8.9% were of German, 6.9% English and 6.0% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000. 58.6% spoke only English at home; 25.3% spoke Spanish, 4.7% Vietnamese, 1.9% Korean, 1.5% Chinese (Cantonese or Mandarin) and 1.2% Tagalog.

In 1990, still according to the census^[36] there were 2,410,556 people residing in the county. The racial makeup of the county was 78.6% White, 10.3% Asian or Pacific Islander, 1.8% African American, 0.5% Native American, and 8.8% from other races. 23.4% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Out of 935,287 households, 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% married couples were living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.00 and the average family size was 3.48.

Ethnic change has been transforming the population. By 2009, nearly 45 percent of the residents spoke a language other than English at home. Whites now comprise only 45 percent of the population, while the numbers of Hispanics grow steadily, along with Vietnamese, Korean and Chinese families. The percentage of foreign-born residents jumped to 30 percent in 2008 from 6 percent in 1970. The mayor of Irvine, Sukhee Kang, was born in Korea, making him the first Korean-American to run a major American city. “We have 35 languages spoken in our city,” Kang observed.^[37] The population is diverse age-wise, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% 65 years of age or older. The median age is 33 years. For every 100 females there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.7 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $61,899, and the median income for a family was $75,700 (these figures had risen to $71,601 and $81,260 respectively as of a 2007 estimate^[38]). Males had a median income of $45,059 versus $34,026 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,826. About 7.0% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.2% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.

Residents of Orange County are known as "Orange Countians".^[39]

Religion

Orange County is the base for several significant religious organizations:

• Reverend Robert Schuller's Crystal Cathedral is in Garden Grove. Bankrupt; sold to the Catholic Church.
• The Newport Beach California Temple, one of four temples operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Southern California.
• Family International, also known as "The Children of God", was founded in 1968 in Huntington Beach by David Berg.
• The Islamic Center of Irvine
• The Shia Islamic Center of Orange County (IECOC)
• Chuck Smith, early leader in the Jesus People movement and founder of Calvary Chapel in Costa Mesa.
• Pao Fa Temple in Irvine is one of the largest Buddhist monasteries and temples in the United States.
• The Purpose Driven Life author Rick Warren and his Saddleback Church (the largest church in California) are in Lake Forest.
• The Roman Catholic Diocese of Orange headed by Bishop Kevin Vann. There are about 1.04 million Catholics in Orange County.^[40]
• Trinity Broadcasting Network began as Channel 40 in Tustin, now in Costa Mesa.
• Monasteries of the Vedanta Society and St. Michael's Abbey are located in Trabuco Canyon.
• The Vineyard Christian Fellowship movement began in Orange County.
• The Jain Center of Southern California in Buena Park, California, largest center for followers of Jain faith, originally started by Jains from India
• The Islamic Society of Orange County in Garden Grove. Established in 1976 and is one of the largest mosques in US.
• The Sikh Center of Orange County located in Santa Ana

Government

Orange County is a charter county of California; its seat is Santa Ana. Its legislative and executive authority is vested in the five-member Orange County Board of Supervisors. Each Supervisor is popularly elected from a regional district, and together the board oversees the activities of the county's agencies and departments and sets policy on development, public improvements, and county services. At the beginning of each calendar year, the Supervisors select a Chair and Vice Chair amongst themselves. The Chair presides over board meetings, and the Vice Chair presides when the Chair is not present. The Supervisors also appoint a County Executive Officer to act as the chief administrative officer of the county and the manager of all agencies and departments not under the sole jurisdiction of an elected county official. The seven county officials elected at-large are: Assessor, Auditor-Controller, Clerk-Recorder, District Attorney-Public Administrator, Sheriff-Coroner, Treasurer-Tax Collector, and County Superintendent of Schools. Uniquely, the governing power of the Orange County Department of Education is vested in a five-member Orange County Board of Education, whose trustees are popularly elected from regional districts. The County Superintendent serves as the secretary and executive officer of the board.

As of May 2015, the supervisors are Andrew Do, Michelle Steel, Todd Spitzer, Shawn Nelson, and Lisa A. Bartlett.^[2]

VA loan limit

The maximum $0 down VA home loan limit for Orange County is $700,000 as of 01/01/2011.^[41]

Pension scandal

On July 12, 2010, it was revealed that former Sheriff Mike Carona received over $215,000 in pension checks in 2009, despite his felony conviction.^[42] A 2005 state law denied a public pension to public officials convicted of wrongdoing in office, however, that law only applied to benefits accrued after December 2005. Carona became eligible for his pension at age 50, and is also entitled, by law, to medical and dental benefits.^[43][44] It was noted that the county's retirement system faces a massive shortfall totaling $3.7 billion unfunded liabilities, and Carona was one of approximately 400 retired Orange County public servants who received more than $100,000 last year in benefits. Also on the list of those receiving extra-large pension checks is former treasurer-tax collector Robert Citron, whose investments, which were made while consulting psychics and astrologers, led Orange County into bankruptcy in 1994.^[45]

Citron, a Democrat, funneled billions of public dollars into questionable investments, and at first the returns were high and cities, schools and special districts borrowed millions to join in the investments. But the strategy backfired, and Citron's investment pool lost $1.64 billion. Nearly $200 million had to be slashed from the county budget and more than 1,000 jobs were cut. The county was forced to borrow $1 billion.

The California Foundation for Fiscal Responsibility filed a lawsuit against the pension system to get the list. The agency had claimed that pensioner privacy would be compromised by the release. A judge approved the release and the documents were released late June 2010. The release of the documents has reopened debate on the pension plan for retired public safety workers approved in 2001 when Carona was sheriff.^[46]

Called "3 percent at 50," it lets deputies retire at age 50 with 3 percent of their highest year's pay for every year of service. Before it was approved and applied retroactively, employees received 2 percent.^[47] "It was right after Sept. 11," said Orange County Supervisor John Moorlach. "All of a sudden, public safety people became elevated to god status. The Board of Supervisors were tripping over themselves to make the motion." He called it "one of the biggest shifts of money from the private sector to the public sector." Moorlach, who was not on the board when the plan was approved, led the fight to repeal the benefit. A lawsuit, which said the benefit should go before voters, was rejected in Los Angeles County Superior Court in 2009 and is now under appeal.^[46] Carona opposed the lawsuit when it was filed, likening its filing to a "nuclear bomb" for deputies.

Politics

Orange County vote
by party in presidential elections

Year	GOP	DEM	Others
2012	51.9% 582,332	45.8% 512,440	2.5% 25,271
2008	50.2% 579,064	47.7% 549,558	2.2% 25,065
2004	59.7% 641,832	39.0% 419,239	1.3% 14,328
2000	55.8% 541,299	40.4% 391,819	3.9% 37,787
1996	51.7% 446,717	37.9% 327,485	10.5% 90,374
1992	43.9% 426,613	31.6% 306,930	24.6% 239,006
1988	67.7% 586,230	31.1% 269,013	1.2% 10,064
1984	74.7% 635,013	24.3% 206,272	1.0% 8,792
1980	67.9% 529,797	22.6% 176,704	9.5% 73,711
1976	62.2% 408,632	35.3% 232,246	2.5% 16,555
1972	68.3% 448,291	26.9% 176,847	4.8% 31,515
1968	63.1% 314,905	29.9% 148,869	7.0% 34,933
1964	55.9% 224,196	44.0% 176,539	0.1% 430
1960	60.8% 174,891	38.9% 112,007	0.2% 701
1956	66.8% 113,510	32.3% 54,895	0.9% 1,474
1952	70.3% 80,994	29.0% 33,397	0.7% 844
1948	60.9% 48,587	36.4% 29,018	2.8% 2,209
1944	56.9% 38,394	42.5% 28,649	0.6% 407
1940	55.5% 36,070	43.4% 28,236	1.1% 691
1936	43.3% 23,494	55.0% 29,836	1.7% 921
1932	45.9% 22,623	48.4% 23,835	5.7% 2,818
1928	79.4% 30,572	19.8% 7,611	0.9% 344
1924	67.4% 19,913	8.7% 2,565	24.0% 7,088
1920	71.5% 12,797	19.6% 3,502	8.9% 1,594

Orange County has long been known as a Republican stronghold and has consistently sent Republican representatives to the state and federal legislatures. Republican majorities in Orange County helped deliver California's electoral votes to Republican presidential candidates Richard Nixon (1960, 1968 and 1972), Gerald Ford (1976), Ronald Reagan (1980, 1984), and George H. W. Bush (1988). Orange County has not voted for a Democratic presidential candidate since Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1936 landslide re-election for a second term.

Although Democrats have made inroads in the northern end of the county since the mid-1980s, Orange County politics are still dominated by Republicans. Four of the county's seven U.S. Representatives, four of its five State Senators, and five of its seven State Assemblymembers are Republicans, as are all five members of the County Board of Supervisors. Only four Democrats have carried the county in a statewide race in the last 50 years; Jerry Brown in his gubernatorial re-election campaign in 1978, March Fong Eu for Secretary of State and Kenneth Cory for State Controller, both also in 1978 and Kathleen Connell for Controller in 1998.

Orange County vote
by party in gubernatorial elections

Year	GOP	DEM
2014[48]	56.1% 314,192	43.9% 245,540
2010	56.8% 499,878	37.4% 328,663
2006	69.7% 507,413	25.5% 185,388
2003	63.5% 493,850	16.8% 130,808
2002	57.5% 368,152	34.7% 222,149
1998	52.1% 370,736	44.7% 318,198
1994	67.7% 516,811	27.7% 211,132
1990	63.7% 425,025	31.3% 208,886
1986	71.9% 468,092	26.5% 172,782
1982	61.4% 422,878	36.7% 252,572
1978	44.2% 272,076	48.7% 299,577
1974	56.9% 297,870	40.6% 212,638
1970	66.9% 308,982	31.5% 145,420
1966	72.2% 293,413	27.9% 113,275
1962	59.4% 169,962	39.2% 112,152

In the United States House of Representatives, Orange County is split between 7 congressional districts:^[49]

• California's 38th congressional district, represented by Democrat Linda Sánchez,
• California's 39th congressional district, represented by Republican Ed Royce,
• California's 45th congressional district, represented by Republican Mimi Walters,
• California's 46th congressional district, represented by Democrat Loretta Sanchez,
• California's 47th congressional district, represented by Democrat Alan Lowenthal,
• California's 48th congressional district, represented by Republican Dana Rohrabacher, and
• California's 49th congressional district, represented by Republican Darrell Issa.

In the California State Senate, Orange County is split between 5 districts:^[50]

• the 29th Senate District, represented by Republican Bob Huff,
• the 32nd Senate District, represented by Democrat Tony Mendoza,
• the 34th Senate District, represented by Republican Janet Nguyen,
• the 36th Senate District, represented by Republican Patricia Bates, and
• the 37th Senate District, represented by Republican John Moorlach.

According to the Orange County Registrar of Voters, as of May 21, 2012, Orange County had 1,612,145 registered voters. Of these, 42.17% (679,877) are registered Republicans, and 31.41% (506,389) are registered Democrats. An additional 22.01% (354,820) declined to state a political party.

Orange County has produced such notable Republicans as President Richard Nixon (born in Yorba Linda and lived in Fullerton and San Clemente), U.S. Senator John F. Seymour (previously Mayor of Anaheim), and U.S. Senator Thomas Kuchel (of Anaheim). Former Congressman Christopher Cox (of Newport Beach), a White House counsel for President Ronald Reagan, is also a former chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Orange County was also home to former Republican Congressman John G. Schmitz, a presidential candidate in 1972 from the ultra-conservative American Independent Party and the father of Mary Kay Letourneau. In 1996, Curt Pringle (later Mayor of Anaheim) became the first Republican-elected Speaker of the California State Assembly in decades.

While the growth of the county's Hispanic and Asian populations in recent decades has significantly influenced the culture of Orange County, its conservative reputation has remained largely intact. Partisan voter registration patterns of Hispanics, Asians and other ethnic minorities in the county have tended to reflect the surrounding demographics, with resultant Republican majorities in all but the central portion of the county. When Loretta Sanchez, a Blue Dog Democrat, defeated veteran Republican Bob Dornan in the congressional contest of 1996, she was continuing a trend of Democratic representation of that district that had been interrupted by Dornan's 1984 upset of former Congressman Jerry Patterson. Until 1992, Sanchez herself was a moderate Republican, and she is viewed as being somewhat more moderate than other Democrats from Southern California.

Republicans have responded to the influx of non-white immigrants by making more explicit efforts to court the Hispanic and Asian vote. In 2004, George W. Bush captured 60% of the county's vote, up from 56% in 2000, despite a higher Democratic popular vote compared with the 2000 election. Although Barbara Boxer won statewide, and fared better in Orange County than she did in 1998, Republican Bill Jones defeated her in the county, 51% to 43%. While the 39% that John Kerry received is higher than the percentage Bill Clinton won in both 1992 and 1996, the percentage of the vote George W. Bush received in 2004 (59.7% of the vote) is the highest any presidential candidate has received since 1988, showing a still-dominant GOP presence in the county. In 2006, Senator Dianne Feinstein won 45% of the vote in the county, the highest margin of a Democrat in a Senate race in over four decades, but Orange was nevertheless the only Coastal California county to vote for her Republican opponent Dick Mountjoy. In terms of voter registration, the Democratic Party has a plurality or majority of registrations only in the cities of Buena Park, Laguna Beach, Santa Ana and Stanton.^[51]

The county is featured prominently in the book Suburban Warriors: The Origins of the New American Right by Lisa McGirr. She argues that the county's conservative political orientation in the 20th century owed much to its settlement by farmers from the Great Plains, who reacted strongly to communist sympathies, the civil rights movement, and the turmoil of the 1960s in nearby Los Angeles — across the "Orange Curtain".

In the 1970s and 1980s, Orange County was one of California's leading Republican voting blocs and a sub-culture of residents to hold "Middle American" values that emphasized a capitalist religious morality in contrast to West coast liberalism that well existed there.

Orange County has many Republican voters from culturally conservative Asian-American, Middle Eastern and Latino immigrant groups. The large Vietnamese-American communities in Garden Grove and Westminster are predominantly Republican; Vietnamese Americans registered Republicans outnumber those registered as Democrats by 55% to 22%. Republican Assemblyman Van Tran was elected to become the first Vietnamese-American to serve in a state legislature and joined with Texan Hubert Vo as the highest-ranking elected Vietnamese-American in the United States prior to the 2008 election of Joseph Cao in Louisiana's 2nd congressional district. In the 2007 special election for the vacant county supervisor seat following Democrat Lou Correa's election to the state senate, two Vietnamese-American Republican candidates topped the list of 10 candidates, separated from each other by only seven votes, making the Orange County Board of Supervisors entirely Republican; Correa is the sole Democrat to have served on the Board since 1987 and only the fifth since 1963.

Voter registration

Population and registered voters
Total population[20]	2,989,948
Registered voters[52][note 3]	1,397,665	46.7%
Democratic[52]	442,878	31.7%
Republican[52]	583,625	41.8%
Democratic–Republican spread[52]	-140,747	-10.1%
Independent[52]	36,964	2.6%
Green[52]	5,492	0.4%
Libertarian[52]	10,824	0.8%
Peace and Freedom[52]	3,330	0.2%
Americans Elect[52]	244	0.0%
Other[52]	4,792	0.3%
No party preference[52]	309,516	22.1%

Cities by population and voter registration

Cities by population and voter registration
City	Population[20]	Registered voters[52] [note 3]	Democratic[52]	Republican[52]	D–R spread[52]	Other[52]	No party preference[52]
Aliso Viejo	47,037	51.8%	29.0%	40.6%	-11.6%	8.0%	25.5%
Anaheim	335,057	35.9%	38.2%	35.7%	+2.5%	6.7%	21.9%
Brea	38,837	55.8%	28.7%	47.7%	-19.0%	6.8%	19.4%
Buena Park	80,214	39.3%	39.4%	33.0%	+6.4%	6.6%	23.5%
Costa Mesa	109,796	45.2%	30.5%	39.0%	-8.5%	9.7%	24.3%
Cypress	47,610	51.8%	33.2%	40.3%	-7.1%	6.4%	22.6%
Dana Point	33,510	61.4%	26.2%	47.0%	-20.8%	9.2%	21.2%
Fountain Valley	55,209	56.4%	28.5%	46.1%	-17.6%	6.3%	21.4%
Fullerton	134,079	46.5%	32.8%	38.9%	-6.1%	6.9%	23.8%
Garden Grove	170,148	38.0%	35.6%	37.0%	-1.4%	6.5%	23.3%
Huntington Beach	189,744	57.7%	27.9%	45.6%	-17.7%	7.9%	21.6%
Irvine	205,057	50.8%	32.2%	33.6%	-1.4%	6.5%	30.1%
La Habra	60,117	38.8%	37.7%	37.6%	+0.1%	7.6%	20.0%
La Palma	15,536	49.3%	35.9%	37.7%	-1.8%	5.7%	22.9%
Laguna Beach	22,808	71.7%	37.3%	35.3%	+2.0%	8.7%	21.8%
Laguna Hills	30,477	55.7%	26.4%	46.7%	-20.3%	7.2%	22.3%
Laguna Niguel	62,855	59.6%	26.7%	47.3%	-20.6%	7.5%	21.5%
Laguna Woods	16,276	80.5%	38.1%	40.1%	-2.0%	6.2%	18.2%
Lake Forest	77,111	51.0%	27.2%	46.4%	-19.2%	7.8%	21.6%
Los Alamitos	11,442	51.5%	33.7%	41.4%	-7.7%	8.2%	19.8%
Mission Viejo	93,076	59.2%	26.4%	48.8%	-22.4%	7.1%	20.5%
Newport Beach	84,417	65.6%	20.7%	55.5%	-34.8%	6.8%	19.7%
Orange	135,582	46.5%	30.1%	45.0%	-14.9%	7.4%	20.3%
Placentia	50,089	48.9%	29.6%	45.7%	-16.1%	6.9%	20.4%
Rancho Santa Margarita	47,769	53.6%	24.3%	49.3%	-25.0%	7.3%	22.0%
San Clemente	62,052	59.9%	23.2%	50.5%	-27.3%	8.7%	21.0%
San Juan Capistrano	34,455	50.8%	26.4%	49.5%	-23.1%	7.8%	19.2%
Santa Ana	325,517	26.8%	53.4%	22.6%	+30.8%	5.2%	20.6%
Seal Beach	24,157	68.9%	34.0%	44.7%	-10.7%	6.9%	17.1%
Stanton	38,141	30.8%	41.2%	31.5%	+9.7%	6.8%	22.9%
Tustin	74,625	40.2%	32.5%	38.2%	-5.7%	7.0%	24.8%
Villa Park	5,825	71.9%	17.6%	64.4%	-46.8%	4.3%	15.4%
Westminster	89,440	42.7%	31.3%	39.8%	-8.5%	7.0%	24.5%
Yorba Linda	63,578	63.7%	21.5%	56.5%	-35.0%	6.3%	18.2%

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Population and crime rates
Population[20]	2,989,948
Violent crime[53]	7,429	2.48
Homicide[53]	69	0.02
Forcible rape[53]	456	0.15
Robbery[53]	2,928	0.98
Aggravated assault[53]	3,976	1.33
Property crime[53]	32,233	10.78
Burglary[53]	10,938	3.66
Larceny-theft[53][note 4]	43,511	14.55
Motor vehicle theft[53]	6,245	2.09
Arson[53]	478	0.16

Cities by population and crime rates

Cities by population and crime rates
City	Population[54]	Violent crimes[54]	Violent crime rate per 1,000 persons	Property crimes[54]	Property crime rate per 1,000 persons
Aliso Viejo	48,999	43	0.88	415	8.47
Anaheim	344,526	1,279	3.71	10,070	29.23
Brea	40,253	74	1.84	1,292	32.10
Buena Park	82,505	206	2.50	2,066	25.04
Costa Mesa	112,635	254	2.26	4,079	36.21
Cypress	48,976	56	1.14	1,018	20.79
Dana Point	34,172	65	1.90	604	17.68
Fountain Valley	56,674	106	1.87	1,469	25.92
Fullerton	138,455	452	3.26	3,937	28.44
Garden Grove	175,079	439	2.51	4,017	22.94
Huntington Beach	194,677	313	1.61	5,470	28.10
Irvine	217,528	110	0.51	3,304	15.19
Laguna Beach	23,283	57	2.45	548	23.54
Laguna Hills	31,090	29	0.93	620	19.94
Laguna Niguel	64,533	47	0.73	764	11.84
Laguna Woods	16,590	4	0.24	148	8.92
La Habra	61,731	147	2.38	1,150	18.63
Lake Forest	79,166	107	1.35	1,088	13.74
La Palma	15,954	18	1.13	340	21.31
Los Alamitos	11,728	27	2.30	357	30.44
Mission Viejo	95,599	73	0.76	1,197	12.52
Newport Beach	87,286	101	1.16	2,151	24.64
Orange	139,692	135	0.97	2,833	20.28
Placentia	51,778	107	2.07	906	17.50
Rancho Santa Margarita	49,038	27	0.55	319	6.51
San Clemente	65,089	75	1.15	839	12.89
San Juan Capistrano	35,449	59	1.66	519	14.64
Santa Ana	332,482	1,334	4.01	7,389	22.22
Seal Beach	24,764	17	0.69	545	22.01
Stanton	39,124	104	2.66	630	16.10
Tustin	77,400	114	1.47	1,653	21.36
Villa Park	5,956	2	0.34	87	14.61
Westminster	91,908	284	3.09	2,875	31.28
Yorba Linda	65,820	53	0.81	787	11.96

Economy

Business

Orange County is the headquarters of many Fortune 500 companies including Ingram Micro (#69) and First American Corporation (#312) in Santa Ana, Broadcom (#343) in Irvine, Western Digital (#439) in Lake Forest and Pacific Life (#452) in Newport Beach. Irvine is the home of numerous start-up companies and also is the home of Fortune 1000 headquarters for Allergan, Edwards Lifesciences, Epicor, Standard Pacific and Sun Healthcare Group. Other Fortune 1000 companies in Orange County include Beckman Coulter in Brea, Quiksilver in Huntington Beach and Apria Healthcare Group in Lake Forest. Irvine is also the home of notable technology companies like PC-manufacturer Gateway Inc., router manufacturer Linksys, video/computer game creator Blizzard Entertainment, and in-flight product manufacturer Panasonic Avionics Corporation. Also, the prestigious Mercedes-Benz Classic Center USA is located in the City of Irvine. Online Trading Academy, a professional trader education company, is also based in Irvine.^[55] Many regional headquarters for international businesses reside in Orange County like Mazda, Toshiba, Toyota, Samsung, Kia Motors, in the City of Irvine, Mitsubishi in the City of Cypress, and Hyundai in the City of Fountain Valley. Fashion is another important industry to Orange County. Oakley, Inc. and Del Taco are headquartered in Lake Forest. Hurley International is headquartered in Costa Mesa. Both the network cyber security firm Milton Security Group and the shoe company Pleaser USA, Inc. are located in Fullerton. St. John is headquartered in Irvine. Tustin, California is home to Ricoh Electronics, New American Funding, Safmarine and Rockwell Collins. Wet Seal is headquartered in Lake Forest. PacSun is headquartered in Anaheim.^[56] Restaurants such as Taco Bell, El Pollo Loco, In-N-Out Burger, Claim Jumper, Marie Callender's, Wienerschnitzel, have headquarters in the City of Irvine as well. Gaikai also holds its headquarters in the Orange County.

Shopping

Orange County contains several notable shopping malls. Among these are South Coast Plaza (the largest mall in California, and the third largest in the United States) in Costa Mesa and Fashion Island in Newport Beach. Other significant malls include the Brea Mall, Main Place Santa Ana, The Shops at Mission Viejo, The Outlets at Orange, the Irvine Spectrum Center, and Downtown Disney. The outlets at San Clemente are the newest addition to shopping in Orange County and are set to open before the end of 2015.^[57]

Tourism

Tourism remains a vital aspect of Orange County's economy. Anaheim is the main tourist hub, with the Disneyland Resort's Disneyland being the second most visited theme park in the world. Also Knotts Berry Farm which gets about 7 million visitors annually located in the city of Buena Park. The Anaheim Convention Center receives many major conventions throughout the year. Resorts within the Beach Cities receive visitors throughout the year due to their close proximity to the beach, biking paths, mountain hiking trails, golf courses, shopping and dining.

Education

Orange County is the home of many colleges and universities, including:

Colleges Two-year (community colleges) Coastline Community College Cypress College Fullerton College Golden West College Irvine Valley College Orange Coast College Saddleback College Santa Ana College Santiago Canyon College Four-year Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising Laguna College of Art and Design Southern California Institute of Technology

Universities Private, religious Chapman University Concordia University Hope International University Trinity Law School Vanguard University Private, secular Anaheim University Soka University of America Western State University College of Law Whittier Law School Springfield College Public California State University, Fullerton (CSUF) University of California, Irvine (UCI)

Some institutions not based in Orange County operate satellite campuses, including the University of Southern California, National University, Pepperdine University, and Springfield College.

The Orange County Department of Education oversees 28 school districts.

Media

Television stations KOCE-TV, the main PBS station in the Southland and KDOC-TV, an independent, are located in Orange County.

County-wide politics and government coverage is primarily provided by The Orange County Register and Voice of OC. OC Weekly is an alternative weekly publication and Excélsior is a Spanish-language newspaper. A few communities are served by the Los Angeles Times' publication of the Daily Pilot, the Huntington Beach Independent and the Laguna Beach Coastline Pilot. Orange Coast was established in 1974, and is the oldest continuously published lifestyle magazine in the region. OC Music Magazine is also based out of Orange County, serving local musicians and artists.

Orange County is served by radio stations from the Los Angeles area. There are a few radio stations that are actually located in Orange County. KYLA 92.7 has a Christian format. KSBR 88.5 FM airs a jazz music format branded as "Jazz-FM" along with news programming. KUCI 88.9FM is a free form college radio station that broadcasts from UC Irvine. KWIZ 96.7 FM, located in Santa Ana, airs a regional Mexican music format branded as "La Rockola 96.7". KWVE-FM 107.9 is owned by the Calvary Chapel of Costa Mesa. KWVE-FM is also the primary Emergency Alert System station for the county. The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim also own and operate a sports-only radio station from Orange, KLAA. KX 93.5 FM broadcasts out of Laguna Beach and features an eclectic mix of mostly Alternative Rock.

Transportation

Transit in Orange County is offered primarily by the Orange County Transportation Authority. The American Public Transportation Association (APTA) cited OCTA as the best large public transportation system in the United States for 2005. OCTA manages the county's bus network and funds the construction and maintenance of local streets, highways, and freeways; regulates taxicab services; maintains express toll lanes through the median of California State Route 91; and works with Southern California's Metrolink to provide commuter rail service along three lines—the Orange County Line, the 91 Line, and the Inland Empire-Orange County Line.

Major highways

Ground transportation in Orange County relies heavily on three major interstate highways: the Santa Ana Freeway (I-5), the San Diego Freeway (I-405 and I-5 south of Irvine), and the San Gabriel River Freeway (I-605), which only briefly enters Orange County territory in the northwest. The other freeways in the county are state highways, and include the perpetually congested Riverside and Artesia Freeway (SR 91) and the Garden Grove Freeway (SR 22) running east-west, and the Orange Freeway (SR 57), the Costa Mesa Freeway (SR/SR 55), the Laguna Freeway (SR 133), the San Joaquin Transportation Corridor (SR 73), the Eastern Transportation Corridor (SR 261, SR 133, SR 241), and the Foothill Transportation Corridor (SR 241) running north-south. Minor stub freeways include the Richard M. Nixon Freeway (SR 90), also known as Imperial Highway, and the southern terminus of Pacific Coast Highway (SR 1). There are no U.S. Highways in Orange County, though two existed in the county until the mid-1960s: 91 and 101. 91 went through what is now the state route of the same number, and 101 was replaced by Interstate 5. SR-1 was once a bypass of US-101 (Route 101A).

Bus

The bus network comprises 6,542 stops on 77 lines, running along most major streets, and accounts for 210,000 boardings a day. The fleet of 817 buses is gradually being replaced by CNG (Compressed natural gas)-powered vehicles, which already represent over 40% of the total fleet. Service is operated by OCTA employees and First Transit under contract. OCTA operates one bus rapid transit service, Bravo, on Harbor Boulevard. In addition, OCTA offers paratransit service for the disabled, also operated by MV.

Rail

Starting in 1992, Metrolink has operated three commuter rail lines through Orange County, and has also maintained Rail-to-Rail service with parallel Amtrak service. On a typical weekday, over 40 trains run along the Orange County Line, the 91 Line and the Inland Empire-Orange County Line. Along with Metrolink riders on parallel Amtrak lines, these lines generate approximately 15,000 boardings per weekday. Metrolink also began offering weekend service on the Orange County Line and the Inland Empire-Orange County line in the summer of 2006. As ridership has steadily increased in the region, new stations have opened at Anaheim Canyon, Buena Park, Tustin, and Laguna Niguel/Mission Viejo. Plans for a future station in Placentia are underway and is expected to be completed by 2014.

Since 1938, the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad and later Amtrak, has operated the Pacific Surfliner regional passenger train route (previously named the San Diegan until 2000)^[58] through Orange County. The route includes stops at eight stations in Orange County including San Clemente Pier (selected trips), San Juan Capistrano, Laguna Niguel/Mission Viejo (selected trips), Irvine, Santa Ana, Orange (selected trips), Anaheim Regional Transportation Intermodal Center (ARTIC), and Fullerton Transportation Center.

A streetcar line in Anaheim is undergoing environmental impact assessment. This line will connect the Disneyland Resort, Convention Center, and Angel Stadium to the ARTIC transportation hub, in the city of Anaheim.^{[59][60][61][62]} The Santa Ana/Garden Grove Fixed Guideway Project plans a streetcar line connecting Downtown Santa Ana to the Depot at Santa Ana has completed the environmental document and is entering the design phase.^[63] OCTA has also proposed connecting the two systems via Harbor Boulevard and the West Santa Ana Branch corridor.^[64][65]

Sea

A car and passenger ferry service, the Balboa Island Ferry, comprising three ferries running every five minutes, operates within Newport Harbor between Balboa Peninsula and Balboa Island in Newport Beach. The Catalina Flyer connects the Balboa Peninsula to Avalon with daily round-trip passage through about nine months of the year. The Catalina Express connects Dana Point to Avalon (with departures from two greater Long Beach ports also connecting to Two Harbors).

Air

Orange County contains 1 commercial airport, 1 municipal airport, 1 operational military base, 2 defunct military bases, and many helicopter landing pads.

Orange County's only major airport is John Wayne Airport. Although its abbreviation (SNA) refers to Santa Ana, the airport is in fact located in unincorporated territory surrounded by the cities of Newport Beach, Costa Mesa, and Irvine. Unincorporated Orange County (including the John Wayne Airport) has mailing addresses, which go through the Santa Ana Post Office. For this reason, SNA was chosen as the IATA Code for the airport. The actual Destination Moniker which appears on most Arrival/Departure Monitors in airports throughout the United States is "Orange County", which is the common nickname used for the OMB Metropolitan Designation: Santa Ana-Anaheim-Irvine, California. Its modern Thomas F. Riley Terminal handles over 9 million passengers annually through 14 different airlines.

Orange County's only municipal airport is Fullerton Municipal Airport, which serves the city of Fullerton, California and respective areas.

Orange County has 2 defunct military bases, that are now being graded to build suburban homes. The two defunct bases are Marine Corps Air Station El Toro in southern Irvine, California and the Marine Corps Air Station Tustin in western Tustin, California. Both are abandoned and are considered a Superfund site after contamination of the groundwater from chemical spills when the bases were operational. Currently, only the Tustin Marine Base has buildings placed on the National Register of Historic Places. The eastern side of the Tustin Marine Base is being used for the construction of suburban homes. The south and west sides are being use for commercial uses. The north side is being used to create a new park that will be governed by the Orange County Parks. The western side of the El Toro Marine Base is being turned into the Orange County Great Park. The north side is currently being used for the construction of suburban homes. The east and south sides of the base are being used for commercial uses.

Orange County's last operational military base is Los Alamitos Army Airfield in Los Alamitos, California.

Arts and culture

Points of interest

The area's warm Mediterranean climate and 42 miles (68 km) of year-round beaches attract millions of tourists annually. Huntington Beach is a hot spot for sunbathing and surfing; nicknamed "Surf City, U.S.A.", it is home to many surfing competitions. "The Wedge", at the tip of The Balboa Peninsula in Newport Beach, is one of the most famous body surfing spots in the world. Southern California surf culture is prominent in Orange County's beach cities.

Other tourist destinations include the theme parks Disneyland and Disney California Adventure Park in Anaheim and Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park. Since the 2011 closure of Wild Rivers in Irvine, the county is home to just one water park: Soak City in Buena Park. The Anaheim Convention Center is the largest such facility on the West Coast. The old town area in the City of Orange (the traffic circle at the middle of Chapman Ave. at Glassell) still maintains its 1950s image, and appeared in the That Thing You Do! movie.

Little Saigon is another tourist destination, being home to the largest concentration of Vietnamese people outside of Vietnam. There are also sizable Taiwanese, Chinese, and Korean communities, particularly in western Orange County. This is evident in several Asian-influenced shopping centers in Asian American hubs like the city of Irvine.

Historical points of interest include Mission San Juan Capistrano, the renowned destination of migrating swallows. The Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum is in Yorba Linda and the Richard Nixon Birthplace home, located on the grounds of the Library, is a National Historic Landmark. John Wayne's yacht, the Wild Goose or USS YMS-328, is in Newport Beach. Other notable structures include the home of Madame Helena Modjeska, located in Modjeska Canyon on Santiago Creek; Ronald Reagan Federal Building and Courthouse in Santa Ana, the largest building in the county; the historic Balboa Pavilion^[66] in Newport Beach; and the Huntington Beach Pier. The county has nationally known centers of worship, such as Crystal Cathedral in Garden Grove, the largest house of worship in California; Saddleback Church in Lake Forest, one of the largest churches in the United States; and the Calvary Chapel.

Since the premiere in fall 2003 of the hit Fox series The O.C., and the 2007 Bravo series "The Real Housewives of Orange County" tourism has increased with travelers from across the globe hoping to see the sights seen in the show.

Orange County has some of the most exclusive and expensive neighborhoods in the U.S., many along the Orange Coast, and some in north Orange County.

In popular culture

Orange County has been the setting for numerous written works and motion pictures, as well as a popular location for shooting motion pictures.

The city of San Juan Capistrano is the place where writer Johnston McCulley located the first novella about Zorro, entitled The Curse of Capistrano. It was published in 1919 and later renamed The Mark of Zorro.

Sports

Huntington Beach annually plays host to the U.S. Open of Surfing, AVP Pro Beach Volleyball and Vans World Championship of Skateboarding.^[67] It was also the shooting location for Pro Beach Hockey.^[68] USA Water Polo, Inc. has moved its headquarters to Huntington Beach.^[69] Orange County's active outdoor culture is home to many surfers, skateboarders, mountain bikers, cyclists, climbers, hikers, kayaking, sailing and sand volleyball.

The Major League Baseball team in Orange County is the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. The team won the World Series under manager Mike Scioscia in 2002. In 2005, new owner Arte Moreno wanted to change the name to "Los Angeles Angels" in order to better tap into the Los Angeles media market, the second largest in the country. However, the standing agreement with the city of Anaheim demanded that they have "Anaheim" in the name, so they became the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. This name change was hotly disputed by the city of Anaheim, but the change stood and still stands today, which prompted a lawsuit by the city of Anaheim against Angels owner Arte Moreno, won by Moreno. It has been widely unpopular in Orange County.^[70]

The county's National Hockey League team, the Anaheim Ducks, won the 2007 Stanley Cup beating the Ottawa Senators. They also came close to winning the 2003 Stanley Cup finals after losing in Game 7 against the New Jersey Devils.

The Toshiba Classic, the only PGA Champions Tour event in the area, is held each March at The Newport Beach Country Club. Past champions include Fred Couples (2010), Hale Irwin (1998 and 2002), Nick Price (2011), Bernhard Langer (2008) and Jay Haas (2007). The tournament benefits the Hoag Hospital Foundation and has raised over $16 million in its first 16 years.

The Los Angeles Blues are a USL Pro team and are the only professional soccer club in Orange County. The team's first season was in 2011 and it was successful as Charlie Naimo's team made it to the quarter-finals of the playoffs. With home games played at Titan Stadium on the campus of California State University, Fullerton the Blues look to grow in the Orange County community and reach continued success. Former and current Blues players include Walter Gaitan, Bright Dike, Maykel Galindo, Carlos Borja, and goalkeeper Amir Abedzadeh.

The National Football League football left the county when the Los Angeles Rams relocated to St. Louis in 1995. Anaheim city leaders are in talks with the NFL to bring a Los Angeles-area franchise to Orange County, though they are competing with other cities in and around Los Angeles. The Los Angeles Clippers played some home games at The Arrowhead Pond, now known as the Honda Center, from 1994 to 1999, before moving to Staples Center, which they share with the Los Angeles Lakers.

Communities

Cities

Unincorporated communities

These communities are outside of city limits in unincorporated county territory.

Planned communities

Orange County has a history of large planned communities. Nearly 30 percent of the county was created as master planned communities, the most notable being the City of Irvine, Coto de Caza, Anaheim Hills, Tustin Ranch, Tustin Legacy, Ladera Ranch, Talega, Rancho Santa Margarita, and Mission Viejo. Irvine is often referred to as a model master-planned city because its villages of Woodbridge, Northwood, University Park, and Turtle Rock that were laid out by the Irvine Company of the mid-1960s before it was bought by a group of investors that included Donald Bren.

Notable people

Due to Orange County's proximity to Los Angeles, many film and media celebrities have moved or bought second homes in the county. Actor John Wayne, who lived in Newport Beach, is the namesake for Orange County's John Wayne Airport and Holocaust and World War II survivor, Christian author and lecturer Cornelia ten Boom. Orange County has also produced many homegrown celebrities, including golfer Tiger Woods, Rapper Ca$his. a number of professional ballplayers, including retired slugger Mark McGwire and pitcher Walter Johnson, WWE Wrestler, Chavo Guerrero Jr. actor, Kevin Costner, John Stamos, actor and radio personality R.J. Adams a.k.a. Bob Shannon,^[71] comedian/actors Steve Martin and Will Ferrell, actresses Michelle Pfeiffer and Diane Keaton, and singers Jackson Browne, Chester Bennington, Bonnie Raitt, Gwen Stefani, Jeff Buckley, Marc Cherry, Drake Bell, and Major League Ballhawk John Witt. Ms. America Susan Jeske is also a resident. Sublime, Avenged Sevenfold, Lit, No Doubt, Reel Big Fish, Social Distortion, The Offspring, Project 86, Atreyu, Moonsville Collective, Jeffree Star, and Leo Fender (the inventor of the first commercially successful solid body electric guitars) also call Orange County home. MMA fighter Tito Ortiz is a resident of Huntington Beach which is stated in his entrance as the "Huntington Beach Badboy". British MMA fighter Michael Bisping also lives in Orange County. Also various Professional Skateboarders call Orange County their home Ryan Sheckler (San Clemente) Ruben Najera (Rancho Santa Margarita) and Ronnie Creager (Orange).

The county's most famous resident was perhaps Richard Nixon, the 37th President of the United States, who was born in Yorba Linda and lived in San Clemente for several years following his resignation. His presidential library is in Yorba Linda.

Orange County was also home to The Righteous Brothers: Bill Medley of Santa Ana, and Bobby Hatfield of Anaheim. The Santa Ana High School auditorium now bears Medley's name. Another less well-known sports figure from a previous era was Clifford C. Cravath, for many years judge of the Laguna Beach Municipal Court. Known as "Gavvy" Cravath as a professional baseball player from 1910 to 1920, he was the major league home run king prior to Babe Ruth's emergence as a slugger.

Sunny (singer) of Girls' Generation is also from Orange County and briefly lived there before moving to Kuwait and her permanent residence of South Korea.^[72][73]

See also

• List of museums in Orange County, California
• Orange County High School of the Arts
• Orange County Fair (California)
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, California
• Orange County (film)

Notes

References

Further reading

• Gustavo Arellano, Orange County: A Personal History. New York: Scribner, 2008.
• Samuel Armor, History of Orange County, California: With Biographical Sketches of the Leading Men and Women of the County Who have been Identified with its Earliest Growth and Development from the Early Days to the Present. Los Angeles: Historic Record Company, 1921.
• Mark Baldassare, When Government Fails: The Orange County Bankruptcy. San Francisco: Public Policy Institute of California, 1998.
• Mike Heywood, A History of Orange County: Twelve Decades of Extraordinary Change, 1889 to 2010. n.c.: Aardvark Global Publishing, 2010.
• Philippe Jorion and Robert Roper, Big Bets Gone Bad: Derivatives and Bankruptcy in Orange County. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995.
• Rob Kling, Spencer C Olin, and Mark Poster, Postsuburban California: The Transformation of Orange County since World War II. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1991.
• Orange County Historical Society, Orange County. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2005.
• An Illustrated History of Southern California: Embracing the Counties of San Diego, San Bernardino, Los Angeles and Orange, and the Peninsula of Lower California, From the Earliest Period of Occupancy to the Present Time; Together with Glimpses of their Prospects; Also, Full-Page Portraits of Some of their Eminent Men, and Biographical Mention of Many of their Pioneers and of Prominent Citizens of To-day. Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1890.
• The Majestic Empire: Orange County California. Santa Ana, CA: Orange County Board of Supervisors, 1964.
• Orange County, California: The Story of Orange County. Santa Ana, CA: Board of Supervisors of Orange County, California, 1939.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Orange County, California.

• Official website
• Orange County, California travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Orange County’s Changing Politics – slideshow by The New York Times
• Orange County, California on National Association Of Counties
• Filming Locations in Orange County

	Los Angeles County	Los Angeles County	San Bernardino County
	Pacific Ocean		Riverside County
		Orange County
	Pacific Ocean	Pacific Ocean	San Diego County

Municipalities and communities of Orange County, California, United States County seat: Santa Ana Cities Aliso Viejo Anaheim Brea Buena Park Costa Mesa Cypress Dana Point Fountain Valley Fullerton Garden Grove Huntington Beach Irvine La Habra La Palma Laguna Beach Laguna Hills Laguna Niguel Laguna Woods Lake Forest Los Alamitos Mission Viejo Newport Beach Orange Placentia Rancho Santa Margarita San Clemente San Juan Capistrano Santa Ana Seal Beach Stanton Tustin Villa Park Westminster Yorba Linda CDPs Coto de Caza Ladera Ranch Las Flores Midway City North Tustin Rossmoor Unincorporated communities Anaheim Island Modjeska Canyon Olive Orange Park Acres Santiago Canyon Silverado Trabuco Canyon Ghost towns Carbondale Miraflores

Rivers of Orange County, California Coyote Creek Talbert Channel Santa Ana River San Diego Creek Laguna Canyon Aliso Creek Salt Creek San Juan Creek Coyote Creek tributaries Carbon Creek Moody Creek Fullerton Creek North Fork Coyote Creek Brea Creek Imperial Creek Santiago Creek tributaries Handy Creek Weir Canyon Blind Canyon Fremont Canyon Limestone Canyon Black Star Canyon Silverado Canyon Williams Canyon Harding Canyon San Diego Creek tributaries Bonita Creek Sand Canyon Wash Peters Canyon Wash Bee Canyon Creek Agua Chinon Creek Serrano Creek La Cañada Creek Aliso Creek tributaries Wood Canyon Creek Sulphur Creek Aliso Hills Channel Dairy Fork Munger Creek English Canyon Creek San Juan Creek tributaries Trabuco Creek El Horno Creek Cañada Gobernadora Trampas Canyon Bell Canyon Lucas Canyon Creek Cold Springs Creek Hot Springs Creek Morrell Canyon Creek Trabuco Creek tributaries Oso Creek Tijeras Canyon Creek Live Oak Canyon Creek Falls Canyon Creek Hickey Canyon Creek Holy Jim Creek Rivers partially in the county San Gabriel River Santa Ana River Minor streams Muddy Creek Newport Coast Creek Prima Deshecha Cañada Segunda Deshecha Cañada

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