Oracle metadata
The Oracle Database contains tables which describe what database objects – i.e. tables, procedures, triggers etc. – exist within the database. This information about the information is known as metadata.
Oracle metadata is information contained within the Oracle Database about the objects contained within the Oracle database. You can use this information to find all tables accessible by a user, get a list of stored procedures, and get information about many other types of objects in an Oracle database.
The ORACLE application server and Oracle relational database keep metadata in two areas: data dictionary tables (accessed via built-in views) and a metadata registry.
Views for metadata
The total number of these views depends on the Oracle version, but is in a 1000 range.
The main built-in views accessing Oracle RDBMS data dictionary tables are few, and are as follows:
- ALL_TABLES – list of all tables in the current database that are accessible to the current user
- ALL_VIEWS – list of all views in the current database that are accessible to the current user
- ALL_TAB_COLUMNS – list of all columns in the database that are accessible to the current user
- ALL_ARGUMENTS – lists the arguments of functions and procedures that are accessible to the current user
- ALL_ERRORS – lists descriptions of errors on all stored objects (views, procedures, functions, packages, and package bodies) that are accessible to the current user
- ALL_OBJECT_SIZE – included for backward compatibility with Oracle version 5
- ALL_PROCEDURES – (from Oracle 9 onwards) lists all functions and procedures (along with associated properties) that are accessible to the current user
- ALL_SOURCE – describes the text (i.e. PL/SQL) source of the stored objects accessible to the current user
- ALL_TRIGGERS – list all the triggers accessible to the current user
In addition there are equivalent views prefixed "USER_" which show only the objects owned by the current user (i.e. a more restricted view of metadata) and prefixed "DBA_" which show all objects in the database (i.e. an unrestricted global view of metadata for the database instance). Naturally the access to "DBA_" metadata views requires specific privileges.
Example 1: finding tables
Find all Tables that have PATTERN in the table name
SELECT
TABLE_NAME
FROM
ALL_TABLES
WHERE
TABLE_NAME LIKE '%PATTERN_TO_FIND%'
ORDER
BY TABLE_NAME;
Example 2: finding columns
Find all tables that have at least one column that matches a specific PATTERN in the column name
SELECT
TABLE_NAME,
COLUMN_NAME
FROM
ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
WHERE
COLUMN_NAME LIKE '%PATTERN%';
Example 3: counting rows of columns
Estimate a total number of rows in all tables containing a column name that matches PATTERN (this is SQL*Plus specific script)
COLUMN DUMMY NOPRINT
COMPUTE SUM OF NUM_ROWS ON DUMMY
BREAK ON DUMMY
SELECT
NULL DUMMY,
T.TABLE_NAME,
C.COLUMN_NAME,
T.NUM_ROWS
FROM
ALL_TABLES T,
ALL_TAB_COLUMNS C
WHERE
T.TABLE_NAME = C.TABLE_NAME
AND C.COLUMN_NAME LIKE '%PATTERN%'
AND T.OWNER = C.OWNER
ORDER BY T.TABLE_NAME;
Note that NUM_ROWS records the number of rows which were in a table when (and if) it was last analyzed. This will most likely deviate from the actual number of rows currently in the table.
Example 4: finding view columns
Find view columns
SELECT TABLE_NAME,
column_name,
decode(c.DATA_TYPE,
'VARCHAR2',
c.DATA_TYPE || '(' || c.DATA_LENGTH || ')',
'NUMBER',
DECODE(c.data_precision,
NULL,
c.DATA_TYPE,
0,
c.DATA_TYPE,
c.DATA_TYPE || '(' || c.data_precision || DECODE(c.data_scale,
NULL,
')',
0,
')' ,
', ' || c.data_scale || ')')),
c.DATA_TYPE) data_type
FROM cols c, obj o
WHERE c.TABLE_NAME = o.object_name
AND o.object_type = 'VIEW'
AND c.table_name LIKE '%PATTERN%'
ORDER BY c.table_name, c.column_id;
Warning: This is incomplete with respect to multiple datatypes including char, varchar and timestamp and uses extremely old, deprecated dictionary views, back to oracle 5.
Use of underscore in table and column names
The underscore is a special SQL pattern match to a single character and should be escaped if you are in fact looking for an underscore character in the LIKE clause of a query.
Just add the following after a LIKE statement:
ESCAPE '_'
And then each literal underscore should be a double underscore: __
Example
LIKE '%__G' ESCAPE '_'
Oracle Metadata Registry
The Oracle product Oracle Enterprise Metadata Manager (EMM) is an ISO/IEC 11179 compatible metadata registry. It stores administered metadata in a consistent format that can be used for metadata publishing. In January 2006, EMM was available only through Oracle consulting services.