Calpinae
| Calpinae | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Calpinae Boisduval, 1840 |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The Calpinae are a subfamily of moths in the Erebidae family. This subfamily includes many species of moths that have a pointed and barbed proboscis adapted to piercing the skins of fruit to feed on juice, and in the case of the several Calyptra species of vampire moths, to piercing the skins of mammals to feed on blood.[1] The subfamily contains some large moths with wingspans longer than 5 cm (2 in).
Taxonomy
Recent phylogenetic studies have greatly revised this subfamily. The subfamily was previously classified within the Noctuidae, but the redefinition of that family has reclassified many of that family's subfamilies, including Calpinae, into the Erebidae family. The Calpinae are most closely related to a clade including the Eulepidotinae and Hypocalinae families, which are also among the Erebidae. The tribes Anomini and Scoliopterygini, previously included in the Calpinae, were found to be distantly related and were reclassified into a separate subfamily as the Scoliopteryginae.[2][3]
Tribes
The Calpinae consist of three monophyletic tribes.[3]
Previous taxonomy
The status of the former composition of the Calpinae was somewhat disputed; it was sometimes merged into the Catocalinae. Most of the calpine genera were not further classified. The phylogenetic structure of this group was essentially unresolved, and in many cases it was even doubtful whether the genera were indeed correctly placed in this subfamily.
Tribe Calpini[4]
- Africalpe Krüger, 1939
- Calyptra Ochsenheimer, 1816
- Eudocima Billberg, 1820
- Ferenta Walker, 1858
- Gonodonta Hübner, 1818
- Graphigona Walker, 1858
- Oraesia Boisduval and Guenée, 1852b
- Plusiodonta Boisduval and Guenée, 1852b
- Tetrisia Walker, 1867
Tribe Gonopterini
Genera incertae sedis
- Cecharismena Möschler, 1890
- Culasta Moore, 1881a
- Euryschema Turner, 1925
- Epicyrtica
- Goniapteryx Perty, Spix 1833
- Hemiceratoides Strand, 1911
- Pharga Walker, 1863
- Phyprosopus Grote, 1872
- Psammathodoxa Dyar, 1921
- Radara Walker, 1862
Genera provisionally placed here (incomplete list); includes taxa sometimes separated in Ophiderinae
External links
- Lepidoptera and some other life forms: Calpinae. Retrieved 2006-JAN-11.
References
- ↑ Florida Museum of Natural History (ed.). "Blood-feeding and Fruit-feeding Moths of Calpini Tribe (Noctuidae), Their Phylogeny and Classification". Archived from the original on 11 Apr 2015. Retrieved 21 Apr 2015.
- ↑ Lafontaine, Donald; Schmidt, Christian (19 Mar 2010). "Annotated check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico". ZooKeys 40: 26. doi:10.3897/zookeys.40.414.
- 1 2 Zahiri, Reza; et al. (2011). "Molecular phylogenetics of Erebidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea)". Systematic Entomology 37: 102–124. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00607.x.
- ↑ J.M. Zaspel and M.A. Branham (2008). "World Checklist of Tribe Calpini (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Calpinae)". University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Archived from the original on 20 Dec 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2010.