Open-system environment reference model

Open System Environment Reference Model, 1995.[1]

Open-system environment (OSE) reference model (RM) or OSE reference model (OSE/RM) is a 1990 reference models for enterprise architecture. It provides a framework for describing open system concepts and defining a lexicon of terms, that can be agreed upon generally by all interested parties. [1]

This reference model is meant as environment model, complementary to the POSIX architecture for open systems. It offers an extensible framework that allows services, interfaces, protocols, and supporting data formats to be defined in terms of nonproprietary specifications that evolve through open (public), consensus-based forums.[2] This reference model served in the 1990s as basic building block of several technical reference models and technical architecture.

In 1996 this reference model was standardized in the ISO/IEC TR 14252 titled "Information technology -- Guide to the POSIX Open System Environment (OSE)".[3]

History

The development of the open-system environment reference model started early 1990s by the NIST as refinement of the POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) standard. POSIX is a standard for maintaining compatibility between operating systems, and addresses interoperation for communications, computing, and entertainment infrastructure. It's developed started late 1980s by the POSIX Working Group 1003.0 of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).[1]

The NIST hosted workshops and conducts other support activities to assist users in addressing open systems requirements, preparing for the use of new technology, and identifying the international, national, industry and other open specifications that are available for building open systems frameworks, such as the government's applications portability profile for the open-system environment.

NIST sponsors the semiannual Users' Forum on Application Portability Profile (APP) and Open System Environment (OSE) to exchange information and respond to NIST proposals regarding the evaluation and adoption of an integrated set of standards to support the APP and OSE. The quarterly Open Systems Environment Implementors' Workshop (OIW), co-sponsored by NIST and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Computer Society, provides a public international technical forum for the timely development of implementation agreements based on emerging OSE standards.[4]

OSE/RM topics

The open-system environment (OSE) forms an extensible framework that allows services, interfaces, protocols, and supporting data formats to be defined in terms of nonproprietary specifications that evolve through open (public), consensus-based forums. A selected suite of specifications that defines these interfaces, services, protocols, and data formats for a particular class or domain of applications is called a profile.[1]

Two types of elements are used in the model: entities consisting of the application software, application platform, and platform external environment; and interfaces including the application program interface and external environment interface.

APP service areas

APP Service Areas and the OSE-RM

The Application Portability Profile (APP) is an OSE profile designed for use by the U.S. Government. It covers a broad range of application software domains of interest to many Federal agencies, but it does not include every domain within the U.S. Government’s application inventory. The individual standards and specifications in the APP define data formats, interfaces, protocols, or a mix of these elements.

The services defined in the APP tend to fall into broad service areas . These service areas are:[1]

Each service area is defined in the following sections. The figure illustrates where each of these services areas relates to the OSE/RM. Assume that software engineering services are applicable in all areas. Each of the APP service areas addresses specific components around which interface, data format, or protocol specifications have been or will be defined. Security and management services are common to all of the service areas and pervade these areas in one or more forms.[1]

Classes of interfaces

There are two classes of interfaces in the OSE reference model: the application program interface and the external environment interface:[1]

OSE profile

A profile consists of a selected list of standards and other specifications that define a complement of services made available to applications in a specific domain. Examples of domains might include a workstation environment, an embedded process control environment, a distributed environment, a transaction processing environment, or an office automation environment, to name a few. Each of these environments has a different cross-section of service requirements that can be specified independently from the others. Each service, however, is defined in a standard form across all environments.[1]

An OSE profile is composed of a selected list of open (public), consensus-based standards and specifications that define services in the OSE/RM. Restricting a profile to a specific domain or group of domains that are of interest to an individual organization results in the definition of an organizational profile.[1]

OSE reference model entities

The three classes of OSE reference model entities are described as follows:[1]

Types of information transfer services

There are three types of information transfer services. These are transfer services to and from:[1]

In its simplest form, the OSE/RM illustrates a straightforward user-supplier relationship: the application software is the user of services and the application platform/ external environment entities are the suppliers. The API and EEI define the services that are provided.[1]

Applications

Detailed DoD technical reference model of the TAFIM, is based on the Open System Environment model.[5]

Basically, the open-system environment model is a basic building block of several technical reference models and technical architecture. A technical architecture identifies and describes the types of applications, platforms, and external entities; their interfaces; and their services; as well as the context within which the entities interoperate.

A technical architecture is based on:

The technical architecture is the basis for selecting and implementing the infrastructure to establish the target architecture.[6]

A technical reference model can be defined as a taxonomy of services arranged according to a conceptual model, such as the Open System Environment model. The enumerated services are specific to those needed to support the technology computing style (e.g., distributed object computing) and the industry/business application needs (e.g., Human Services, financial). [6]

See also

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Joseph I. Hungate et al. (1995) "Conference Report: Application Portability Profile and Open System Environment Users Forum Gaithersburg, MD May 9–10, 1995" in: Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Volume 100, Number 6, November–December 1995
  2. ↑ ACM Sigsoft (1993) 15th International Conference on Software Engineering, May 17-21, 1993. p.349
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Kresse, Kian Fadaie (2004) ISO Standards for Geographic Information. p.72
  4. ↑ STANDARDS FOR OPEN SYSTEMS: MORE FLEXIBILITY FOR FEDERAL USERS NIST Bulletin 1996. Accessed 13 Dec 2008.
  5. ↑ Department of Defense (1996). Technical Architecture Framework for Information Management. Vol. 2. April 1996
  6. 1 2 Consolidated Definitions and References at acf.hhs.gov. Accessed 12 Dec 2008.

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