Oldsmobile Toronado

Oldsmobile Toronado

1966 Oldsmobile Toronado
Overview
Manufacturer Oldsmobile (General Motors)
Production 1966–1992
Model years 1967–1992
Assembly Lansing, Michigan, U.S.
Body and chassis
Class Full-size personal luxury car
Body style 2-door coupe
Platform E-body
Related Cadillac Eldorado
Buick Riviera

The Oldsmobile Toronado is a personal luxury car that was produced by Oldsmobile from 1966 to 1992. Designed to compete with the Ford Thunderbird and General Motors' own Buick Riviera, the Toronado is historically significant as the first U.S.-produced front-wheel drive automobile since the demise of the Cord in 1937.

It used the GM E platform introduced by the rear-wheel drive Riviera in 1963 and shared a year later with the front-wheel drive Cadillac Eldorado. Although each had quite different styling, the threesome shared the E platform for most of the Toronado's 28-year history.

Etymology

The word "Toronado" has no linguistic meaning, and was originally invented for a 1963 Chevrolet show car.[1]

First generation (1966–1970)

First generation

1967 Oldsmobile Toronado
Overview
Production 1966–1970
Model years 1967–1970
Layout Longitudinal front-engine, front-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine 425 cu in (7.0 L) 385 hp (287 kW) Rocket V8[2]
455 cu in (7.5 L) Rocket V8
Transmission 3-speed TH-425 automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase 119.0 in (3,023 mm)
Length 211 in (5,359 mm) (1966–67)
211.6 in (5,375 mm) (1968)
214.8 in (5,456 mm) (1969–1970)[3]
Width 78.5 in (1,994 mm)[4]
Height 52.8 in (1,341 mm)
Curb weight 4,496 lb (2,039 kg) [2]
The 1967 Toronado's 425 cubic-inch Super Rocket V8 engine

The original Toronado began as a design painting by Oldsmobile stylist David North in 1962. His design, dubbed the "Flame Red Car", was for a compact sports/personal car never intended for production. A few weeks after the design was finished, however, Oldsmobile division was informed it would be permitted to build a personal car in the Riviera/Thunderbird class for the 1966 model year, and North's design was selected. For production economy, the still-unnamed car was to share the so-called E-body shell with the redesigned 1966 Buick Riviera, which was substantially bigger than North had envisioned. Despite the efforts of Oldsmobile and General Motors styling chief Bill Mitchell to put the car on the smaller A-body intermediate, they were overruled for cost reasons.

Oldsmobile had been working on front-wheel drive since 1958, a project shepherded by engineer John Beltz (who originated the 4-4-2[5] and would later become head of the division). Although initially envisioned for the smaller F-85 line, its cost and experimental nature pushed the program towards a larger, more expensive car. Engineer F. J. Hooven of the Ford Motor Company, had patented a similar FWD layout, and Ford was seriously considering the design for the 1961 Ford Thunderbird. However, the time to develop and engineer such a design in such short notice made this a doubtful proposition.

The unusual Toronado powertrain, which combined an engine and transmission into an engine bay no larger than a conventional rear-wheel drive car, was dubbed the Unitized Power Package (UPP). During its seven-year development, UPP components were driven over 1.5 million test miles to verify their strength and reliability. They proved so over-built the UPP was employed basically unchanged in the 1970s GMC motorhome.

As debuted, the innovative Toronado featured such GM developments as the:

Firestone also designed an 8.85" x 15" tire especially for the Toronado called the TFD (Toronado-Front-Drive) tire. It had a stiffer sidewall than normal, and the tread and stylishly thin white pin-stripe were also unique.

To power the car, Oldsmobile engineers selected a conventional, although performance-boosted, Olds 425 cu in (7 L) Super Rocket V8 rated at 385 hp (287 kW) and 475 ft·lb (644 N·m) of torque. It provided an increase of 10 hp (7.5 kW) over the Starfire 425, and an increase of 20 hp (15 kW) over the standard 425 engine in the Ninety-Eight. The Toronado's intake manifold was unique and was depressed down to allow for engine hood clearance.

The Turbo-Hydramatic heavy-duty three-speed automatic transmission became available during development of the Toronado. Called the TH425 in FWD form, the transmission's torque converter was separated from its planetary gearset, with the torque converter driving the gearset through a 2 in (51 mm) wide silent chain-drive called Hy-Vo, riding on two 12 in (30 cm) sprockets. The Hy-Vo chain drive was developed by GM's Hydra-Matic Division and Morse Chain Division of Borg-Warner. The chains were made from a very strong hardened steel and required no tensioners or idler pulleys because they were pre-stretched on a special machine at the factory. Although the rotation direction of the transmission's gearing had to be reversed, a large number of components were shared with the conventional TH400. Use of the automatic also obviated the need to devise a workable manual-shift linkage; no manual transmission was ever contemplated, as engineers deemed performance to be adequate with the automatic transmission and the fact that virtually all U.S.-built luxury cars during this period came with automatic transmissions as standard equipment. With this, the 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) time was clocked in 9.5 seconds.[6]

The Toronado was GM's first subframe automobile, which means it was partly unitized, and used a subframe that ended at the forward end of the rear suspension leaf springs, serving as an attachment point for the springs. It carried the powertrain, front suspension and floorpan, allowing greater isolation of road and engine harshness (the design was conceptually similar to the Chevrolet Camaro and Pontiac Firebird that would debut for 1967).

For space reasons, Oldsmobile adopted torsion bars for the Toronado's front suspension (the first GM passenger car application of torsion bars), with conventional, unequal-length double wishbones.[2] Rear suspension was a simple beam axle on single leaf springs, unusual only in having dual shock absorbers, one vertical, one horizontal (allowing it to act as a radius rod to control wheel movement).

Brakes were hydraulically-operated 11 in (279 mm) drums, which were generally considered the Toronado's weak link. Being a rather heavy car, after several panic stops, the brake drums would overheat, resulting in considerable fade and long stopping distances. The 1967 addition of vented front disc brakes as an option provided substantial improvement.[6]

The Toronado's UPP enabled the interior to have a completely flat floor,[7] but interior space (primarily rear seat headroom) was somewhat restricted by the fastback styling.

As with many coupes, the Toronado featured elongated doors to allow easier access for passengers entering the rear seats. Door-latch handles were even duplicated at the rear of each door enabling passengers to open the doors without having to reach over or around the front seat; this feature was also available on the other two E-bodies, continuing until 1980 on the Eldorado.

Options included headrests ($52)[4] and a tilt-telescopic steering column.[8]

Drivers faced a highly stylized steering wheel with a double-delta shaped horn ring which framed the view of an unusual "slot-machine" speedometer, which consisted of a stationary horizontal "needle" and a vertically rotating black drum on which the numerals were printed in white. The numerals descended behind the needle as the vehicle gained speed. All other gauges, indicators and controls were grouped within fairly easy reach of the driver.

Despite an average test-weight approaching 5,000 lb (2,268 kg), published performance test data shows the 1966 Toronado was capable of accelerating from 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) in 7.5 seconds, and through the standing 1/4 mile (~400 m) in 16.4 seconds at 93 mph (150 km/h). It was also capable of a maximum speed of 135 mph (217 km/h). Testers found the Toronado's handling, despite its noticeable front weight bias and consequent understeer, was not substantially different from other full-size American cars when driven under normal conditions. In fact, many contemporary testers felt that the Toronado was more poised and responsive than other cars, and when pushed to the limits, exhibited superior handling characteristics, although it was essentially incapable of terminal oversteer.

The Toronado sold reasonably well at introduction, with 40,963 produced for 1966. Some television commercials featured former NASA Project Mercury public affairs officer John "Shorty" Powers, Oldsmobile's primary commercial spokesperson of the era, along with racing legend Bobby Unser driving the vehicle and commenting favorably on the Toronado's handling. The car also gained great publicity for the division by winning several leading automotive awards, such as Motor Trend's Car of the Year Award[9] and Car Life's Award for Engineering Excellence. It also was a third-place finisher in the European Car of the Year competition.

Sales for the 1967 model, which was most notably distinguished by a slight facelift, the addition of optional disc brakes, and a slightly softer ride, dropped by nearly half, to 22,062. A stereo tape player was optional.[10] It would be 1971 before the Toro would match its first-year sales mark.

In 1967, Cadillac adopted its own version of the UPP for the Cadillac Eldorado, using the Cadillac V8 engine. The Eldorado also shared the basic E-body shell with the Toronado and Riviera, but its radically different styling meant that the three cars did not look at all similar.

A 1970 Oldsmobile Toronado in Quebec, Canada in August 2011.

The first-generation Toronado lasted with the usual annual facelifts through 1970. Other than the brakes, the major changes were the replacement of the original 425 cu in (7 L) V8 with the new 455 cu in (7.5 L) in 1968 that was rated at 375 hp (280 kW) in standard form or 400 hp (298 kW) with the W-34 option, revised rear quarter panels (with small fins to disguise the slope of the rear body in side view) in 1969, and the disappearance of hidden headlights and the introduction of squared wheel arch bulges in 1970. An ignition lock became standard in 1969.[3]

Slight interior cosmetic changes were also implemented for each new model year, and a full-length center console with floor-mounted shifter was available as an extra-cost option with the Strato bucket seats from 1968 to 1970, though few Toronados were so ordered. The vast majority of customers went for the standard Strato bench seat to take full advantage of the flatter floor resulting from the front-drive layout; the lack of a "hump" in the floor made three-abreast seating more comfortable than in rear-drive cars, as the center passengers both front and rear did not have to sit with their legs in an awkward position.

The firmness of the suspension, and thus the quality of the ride, was gradually softened through the years as well, hinting at what Toronado eventually would become in 1971. Interestingly, a heavy-duty suspension was offered optionally on later first generation Toronados, which included the original torsion bar springs that were used on the 1966.

A special option code called W-34 was available on the 1968–70 Toronado. This option included a cold air induction system for the air cleaner, a special performance camshaft and a "GT" transmission calibrated for quick and firm up-shifts and better torque multiplication at 5 mph (8 km/h). Dual exhaust outlets similar to the 1966–67 model years with cutouts in the bumper were also included with W-34. The standard models did have dual exhaust systems, but only a single somewhat hidden outlet running from the muffler exiting rearward on the right side. For 1970 only, the W-34 option also included special "GT" badges on the exterior of the car. The W-34 Toronado was capable of 0–60 mph in 7.5 seconds and the standing 1/4 mile in 15.7 seconds at 89.8 mph (144.5 km/h).

Manufacturer's specifications

Second generation (1971–1978)

Second generation

1973 Oldsmobile Toronado Custom
Overview
Production 1970–1978
Model years 1971–1978
Layout Longitudinal front-engine, front-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine 455 cu in (7.5 L) Rocket V8
403 cu in (6.6 L) Oldsmobile V8
Transmission 3-speed TH-425 automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase 122 in (3,099 mm)[11]
Length 219.9 in (5,585 mm) [4][12]
Width 79.8 in (2,027 mm) [4]
Height 54.7 in (1,389 mm) [12]
1971 Oldsmobile Toronado
1972 Oldsmobile Toronado
1973 Oldsmobile Toronado Custom
1976 Oldsmobile Toronado

With radically different styling from the first generation, the Toronado had metamorphosed from a "GT"-style car into something more traditional in the luxury car field. It was now more similar to the Cadillac Eldorado than the Buick Riviera, with styling taking several cues from the 1967–70 Eldorado. The new look attracted many new buyers, as sales increased dramatically. Front disc brakes became standard.[13]

All overall dimensions of the 1971 Toronado were larger than previous models with wheelbase increased from 119 to 122 in (3,100 mm), only 2 in (51 mm) less than the full-sized Delta 88. Also, the subframe design of first-generation Toronados was replaced by a separate body-on-frame similar to full-sized Delta 88 and Ninety-Eight models. The front torsion bar suspension was retained, but the multi-leaf springs in the rear were replaced by coil springs. In addition, the Toronado introduced as a novelty what later became a federal mandate in a modified form, two high-mounted taillights above the trunk and below the rear window, which was shared on its platform twin the Riviera.[14] These taillights mirrored brake and turn functions of the normal taillights, but not the nighttime taillights. A rear-wheel ABS became optional.[12]

The 455 cubic-inch Rocket V8 was carried over from previous models as the standard Toronado engine. The introduction of the second-generation Toronado coincided with the implementation of a GM corporate edict that took effect with the 1971 models; all engines had to run on lower-octane regular leaded, low lead or unleaded gasoline to meet increasing more stringent Federal (and California) emission control regulations, a goal that was reached by reducing compression ratios. This was a first step toward the introduction of catalytic converters in 1975, which mandated the use of unleaded fuel. The 1971 Toronado's 455 cubic-inch V8 was rated at 350 hp (260 kW)[4] (down from 375 in 1970) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1 (down from 10.5:1 in 1970).

For 1972, the advertised rating for the 455 engine dropped to 250 hp (190 kW) thanks to a switch in power measurements from the gross ratings in which power was measured by a dynometer with no accessories attached to "net" ratings which were measured as installed in a vehicle with all accessories and emissions equipment attached. By 1976, the last year for the 455 engine in the Toronado, the net rating dropped to 215 hp (160 kW).

The 1971–78 generation is mainly noted for the early use of two safety features that are now required on all cars in the United States, the aforementioned high mounted taillights (although a somewhat similar feature had appeared briefly as an option on the Ford Thunderbird in the late 1960s), and from 1974 through 1976, the Toronado was part of GM's first experimental production run of driver- and passenger-side airbags, which GM named the Air Cushion Restraint System.[15] These Toronados used a unique steering wheel and were fitted with a knee blocker beneath the driver's portion of the dashboard.

Styling/engineering highlights through the years included disc brakes with audible wear indicators for 1972, a federally mandated 5 mph (8 km/h) front bumper along with new vertical taillights in 1973, a stand-up hood ornament, 5 mph rear bumper and optional fixed rear side opera windows in 1974 and rectangular headlights in 1975.

During most of the Toronado's second-generation run, two interior trims were generally offered each year. The standard interior trim consisted of a choice of cloth or vinyl upholstery and a Custom Sport notchback bench seat with center armrest. An optional Brougham interior available in cloth, velour or vinyl trims included cut-pile carpeting, door-mounted courtesy lighting and a split 60/40 bench seat with armrest. From 1971 to 1973, the Toronado's "Command Center" wrap-around instrument panel was similar to other full-sized Oldsmobiles featuring a large squared speedometer directly in front of the driver, heating/air conditioning and lights/wipers switches on the left hand side and the radio controls and cigar lighter on the right hand side. From 1974 to 1978, a flat instrument panel (again shared with Delta 88 and Ninety-Eight models) was used that featured a horizontal sweep speedometer flanked by a "Message Center" of warning lights, fuel gauge and shift quadrant, with the other controls in the same locations as in previous years.

As befitting a luxury car, Toronados featured a long list of standard equipment that included Turbo Hydra-Matic transmission, variable-ratio power steering, power front disc brakes along with an electric clock, carpeting and deluxe wheel covers. Virtually all Toronados were sold loaded with extra-cost options including air conditioning, AM/FM stereo with 8-track tape player, power trunk release, vinyl roof, tilt and telescopic steering wheel, cruise control, power windows, power door locks and six-way power seats. Power windows became standard equipment in 1975. A new feature in 1974 was a gauge that monitored if the driver was driving economically or not.[16]

The later years of this generation of Toronado saw new features mostly confined to minor styling tweaks to the grille and trim, although in 1977, the XS and XSR models debuted. Both featured a three-sided, hot wire "bent-glass" rear window[17] and, on the XSR, electric t-tops which slid inwards at the touch of a button. However, as built in prototype form, the XSR had no means of channeling water away from the retractable sections, and water would inevitably leak into the cabin. No workable solution to the problem was found, and as such, the XSR model was scrapped. The XS, which did enter production, was offered with GM's more reliable (and no doubt more leak-resistant) Astroroof sliding sunroof instead. Air conditioning was standard.[18]

The running factory "XSR" prototype was documented as "restored" by Collectible Automobile Magazine in the late 1990s.[19]

Also for 1977, the 455 cu in (7.46 L) V8 was replaced by a smaller 403 cu in (6.60 L) engine (rated at 185HP/325lb.ft.), due mainly to forthcoming government Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards (implemented beginning with the 1978 model year). In addition, the 1977 Delta 88 and Ninety-Eight models, formerly the biggest cars in the Oldsmobile stable, were downsized. For two more model years, the Toronado would be the largest Oldsmobile, and, after the mid-sized Cutlass line's downsizing for 1978, the Toronado looked hopelessly out of place in the lineup, given the industry-wide shift to smaller cars.

This generation was probably helped in the sales race by the radical and controversial "boat-tail"[20] design of the contemporary Buick Riviera, since during this period the Toronado outsold its Buick cousin for the first time. However, the higher-priced Cadillac Eldorado managed, in turn, to outsell the Toronado in most of these years.

Third generation (1979–1985)

Third generation
Overview
Production 1978–1985
Model years 1979–1985
Layout Longitudinal front-engine, front-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine 252 cu in (4.1 L) Buick V6
307 cu in (5.0 L) Oldsmobile V8
350 cu in (5.7 L) Oldsmobile V8
350 cu in (5.7 L) Oldsmobile diesel V8
Transmission 3-speed TH325 automatic
4-speed TH325-4L automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase 114 in (2,896 mm)[21]
Length 204 in (5,182 mm)
Width 80 in (2,032 mm)

The third generation Toronado was substantially downsized, losing nearly 1,000 lb (450 kg) and more than 20 in (510 mm) in length. Reflecting its 206 in (5,200 mm) length and 114 in (2,900 mm) wheelbase, it came equipped with the smaller Oldsmobile 350 cu in (5.7 L) V8. The engine was rated at 170 HP/270 lb.ft. torque giving it a top speed of 110+ mph (177 k) and a 0-60 mph acceleration time of 9.4 seconds. This was considered one of the faster times for that era.

An 307 cu in (5.03 L) V8 (140 HP) was introduced in 1980, and a larger 252 cu in (4.13 L) version of the Buick V6(125 HP) was made available from 1981 to 1984, but it proved unpopular due to its slow acceleration.

Also offered in these years was Oldsmobile's new diesel V8, that is based on (but mistakenly said to be converted from) Olds' well-regarded gasoline-powered 350 cu in (5.7 L) V8, but with added block material. This engine was novel and economical, and sales were initially good. The diesel conversion acquired a terrible mechanical reputation, becoming a genuine black eye for Oldsmobile. Many cars which originally came diesel-equipped were eventually converted to gasoline engines when disgusted owners finally threw in the towel. The engine was revised through its life, which fixed many issues that hurt its reputation, but it was too late and the engine was eventually dropped.

1985 Toronado Caliente, with a fixed opera window pillar

The three-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic automatic transmission was standard equipment from 1979 to 1981 and replaced by the four-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic 325-4L overdrive unit from 1982 to 1985. The 307 cubic-inch Rocket V8 was standard on 1985 Toronados.

Independent rear suspension (designed by Cadillac engineers) was adopted for the new car, which helped to increase usable rear-seat and trunk space in the smaller body, as well as improved handling over previous Toronados with no sacrifice in ride quality. Rear disc brakes were optional.[22]

In addition to the base Toronado Brougham, various trim packages were available under the XSC (1980–81) and Caliente (1984–85) names were offered along with choices of velour, leather upholstery, even sueded leather inserts and digital instrumentation. The XSC offered individual front bucket seats, as opposed to the traditional split bench front seat usually installed. The third-generation Toronado was also made into convertibles by the American Sunroof Company, with a power-operated cloth top. Reclining backrests were an option.[21]

This Toronado, along with its Riviera and Eldorado cousins, were the last body-on-frame, front wheel drive cars with longitudinally mounted V8 engines.

Fourth generation (1986–1992)

Fourth generation
Overview
Production 1985–1992
Model years 1986–1992
Layout Transverse front-engine, front-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine 231 cu in (3.8 L) Buick V6
3.8 L Buick 3800 V6
Transmission 4-speed 4T60 automatic
4-speed 4T60-E automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase 108 in
Length 1989–1992: 200.3 in (5,088 mm)
1986–88: 187.5 in (4,762 mm)
Width 1989–1992: 72.8 in (1,849 mm)
1986–88: 70.8 in (1,798 mm)
Height 1989–1992: 53.3 in (1,354 mm)
1986–88: 53 in (1,346 mm)

The final generation Toronado made its debut in 1985. It was even smaller, lost its body-on-frame construction in favor of a unibody platform, and was the first Toronado since 1969 to feature hidden headlights. For the first time ever V8 engines were gone, with the fuel-injected version of the Buick 231 cu in (3.8 L) V6 now the only powerplant available.

Inside, a new digital instrument panel and optional voice alert system were employed and the same luxury trappings were offered as standard equipment and options as before. Standard seating was a cloth 60/40 bench with center armrest. For the first time since 1970, Strato bucket seats were offered as an option, and they included a full-length center console with a horseshoe-like "basket handle" gear shift similar to that found in some 1960s and 1970s Buicks and Chevrolets. Upholstery choices included cloth or leather.

GM's timing with this latest downsizing proved to be off the mark. Gasoline prices had dropped dramatically — below $1.00 per gallon in many parts of the U.S. — by the fall of 1985, against corporate soothsayers' predictions of $3.00 and up. As a result, buyers chose to "buy big" in 1986, with cars like the Lincoln Town Car and Chrysler's long-in-the-tooth, V8-powered Fifth Avenue setting sales records for the 1986 model year.

Along with its shrunken sisters, the Eldorado and Riviera, the Toronado suffered a serious sales decline which would never be reversed. Critics blamed the downsizing, as well as "cookie cutter" styling that looked too much like the cheaper, less-luxurious compacts at GM, notably the Oldsmobile Calais, Buick Somerset, and Pontiac Grand Am.

Oldsmobile Toronado Troféo

In mid-1987, Oldsmobile attempted to bolster sagging Toronado sales by introducing a sportier model called the Troféo, which boasted standard leather bucket seats, faux dual exhaust, more-aggressive styling, and a stiffer suspension (the highly regarded corporate FE3 package, with retuned shocks, struts and other components).

For 1988, changes for the Troféo included new seats and monochromatic paint; both Toro and Troféo benefitted from larger climate control buttons and rear three-point seatbelts. Additionally, power increased with the introduction of the new Buick 231 cu in (3.8 L) LN3 V6 engine. Wire wheelcovers were deleted from the options sheet. Other changes were minor and mainly cosmetic.

The 1989 Troféo, which was no longer badged externally as a Toronado, could be ordered with the Visual Information Center: a dash mounted touch-screen CRT that controlled the vehicle's thermostat and radio and also supplied advanced instrumentation such as a trip computer. The following is a link to pictures of various CRT screens.[23] The VIC could also serve as the interface to an in-car hands-free cell phone. Troféo also received standard anti-lock brakes and a new steering wheel that featured buttons for radio and climate controls. Toronados now had standard bucket seats with console, although the split-bench seat was still offered as an option.

1990 saw Oldsmobile literally and figuratively going to great lengths to revive Toronado and Troféo sales. The hood was the only carryover sheetmetal as Olds designers completely redesigned the body, particularly in the rear, increasing the overall length by about 12 in (305 mm). While the redesign did not increase passenger space, it enlarged the trunk. For the first time since 1976 an airbag was installed, placed on the driver's side as standard equipment

The new look did not stem sagging sales. The 1991 models made remote keyless entry and anti-lock brakes standard, increased horsepower, and offered an ultrasuede upholstery option. The optional moonroof no longer required bucket seats to be ordered.

1992 Oldsmobile Toronado

The 1992 models brought back wire wheels as an option. Troféos got a stiffer standard suspension (the formerly optional FE3 package).

By this time the trend towards SUVs and away from personal luxury coupes was too strong to counter. Oldsmobile decided to cancel the Toronado and Troféo at the end of the 1992 model year, with the last Toronado rolling off the assembly line on May 28, 1992. The Toronado and Trofeo were ultimately replaced in the lineup in early 1994 by the Aurora sports sedan, which made its debut then as a 1995 model.

Variants

Jetway 707

Jetway 707 advertisement from the era.

During the late 1960s (1968–70), the only Oldsmobile professionally made into a limousine was the Toronado, known as the AQC Jetway 707.[24] The 707 rode on six wheels. Between 52 and 150 were believed to have been built.

67 X, 70 X

The 67 X (also Toronado 67X, Esso 67X, Toronado 70-X or 70 X) is a Canadian-built automobile, based on the Toronado, that was designed and manufactured by automobile customizer George Barris for Canada's Expo 67, where they were raffled off in a contest sponsored by Esso. Only four of these vehicles were ever made but they included swiveling seats, a sofa, and even a refrigeration unit, with an overall sleek-looking design. Commercials for this vehicle were aired in the Stanley Cup Playoffs final game between the Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs.[25]

In April 2009, one of these cars came up for auction on eBay. Although in poor condition, it was advertised as the "project car of a lifetime".[26]

References

  1. ↑ Dammann, George H. (1972). Sixty years of Chevrolet. Crestline. p. 248.
  2. 1 2 3 "Directory Index: Oldsmobile/1966 Oldsmobile/1966_Oldsmobile_Toronado_Brochure". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
  3. 1 2 "Directory Index: Oldsmobile/1969 Oldsmobile/1969_Oldsmobile_Toronado". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Gunnell, John A. (ed.). Standard Catalog of American Cars 1946–1975. krause publications. ISBN 0-87341-027-0. line feed character in |publisher= at position 7 (help)
  5. ↑ Car Craft, 1/91, p.52.
  6. 1 2 "1966-1970 Oldsmobile Toronado". How Stuff Works. Retrieved 2013-04-11.
  7. ↑ "Directory Index: Oldsmobile/1966 Oldsmobile/1966_Oldsmobile_Toronado_Brochure". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
  8. ↑ "Directory Index: Oldsmobile/1966 Oldsmobile/1966_Oldsmobile_Toronado_Brochure". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
  9. ↑ Flory, J. "Kelly", Jr. American Cars 1960–1972 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Coy, 2004), p.461.
  10. ↑ "Directory Index: Oldsmobile/1967 Oldsmobile/album_001". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
  11. ↑ "Directory Index: Oldsmobile/1975 Oldsmobile/1975 Oldsmobile Full Line Brochure". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
  12. 1 2 3 "Directory Index: Oldsmobile/1971 Oldsmobile/album". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2013-06-19.
  13. ↑ "Directory Index: Oldsmobile/1970 Oldsmobile/album". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
  14. ↑ Flory, J. "Kelly", Jr. American Cars 1960–1972 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Coy, 2004), p.841.
  15. ↑ "Directory Index: Oldsmobile/1974_Oldsmobile/album". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
  16. ↑ "Directory Index: Oldsmobile/1975 Oldsmobile/1975 Oldsmobile Full Line Brochure". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
  17. ↑ image
  18. ↑ "Directory Index: Oldsmobile/1977 Oldsmobile/1977_Oldsmobile_Full_Size_Brochure". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
  19. ↑ "Consumer Guide® Automotive: Search New & Used Car, SUV, Truck & Minivan Prices & Reviews". Auto.consumerguide.com. 2006-12-27. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
  20. ↑ image
  21. 1 2 World Cars 1985. Herald Books. 1985. ISBN 0-910714-17-7.
  22. ↑ World Cars 1982. Herald Books. ISBN 0-910714-14-2.
  23. ↑ "1989 Toronado Trofeo pictures by Toronado3800 - Photobucket". Smg.photobucket.com. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
  24. ↑ Theobald, Mark (2004). "American Quality Coach". Coachbuilt. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
  25. ↑ "Who recalls that 'Esso' Toronado?". The Vancouver Province. CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc. 2008-06-06. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
  26. ↑ Ramsey, Jonathon (2009-04-14). "eBay Find of the Day: George Barris Oldsmobile Toronado 67X". Retrieved 2012-12-29.
  1. ^ (Aug. 1966) Motor Sport, full road test, 1966 Toronado
  2. ^ (Feb. 1966) Car Life, full road test, 1966 Toronado.
  3. ^ (April 1968) Car & Driver, full road test, 1968 Toronado W-34.

External links

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Oldsmobile road car timeline, Post WW2–1970s — next »
Type 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s
6789 0123456789 0123456789 0123456789
Subcompact Starfire
Compact F-85
Cutlass Omega
Mid-size F-85 F-85
Cutlass Cutlass Cutlass Cutlass
Mid-size station wagon Vista Cruiser Vista Cruiser Vista Cruiser Cutlass Cruiser
Full-size 66/68
76/78 76
88 88 88 88 88 88 88 88
98 98 Ninety-Eight Ninety-Eight Ninety-Eight Ninety-Eight Ninety-Eight Ninety-Eight Ninety-Eight
Full-size station wagon 76 88 Fiesta 88 Fiesta 88 Fiesta Custom Cruiser Custom Cruiser
88
Personal luxury Toronado Toronado Toronado
« previous — Oldsmobile road car timeline, 1980s–2004
Type 1980s 1990s 2000s
0123456789 0123456789 01234
Compact car Starfire Firenza
Omega Cutlass Calais Achieva Alero
Mid-size car Cutlass Cutlass Ciera Cutlass
Cutlass Supreme Cutlass Supreme Intrigue
Mid-size station wagon Cutlass Cruiser Cutlass Ciera Cruiser
Full-size car Eighty-Eight Eighty-Eight Eighty-Eight
LSS
Ninety-Eight Ninety-Eight Ninety-Eight Regency
Aurora Aurora
Full-size station wagon Custom Cruiser Custom Cruiser
Personal luxury car Toronado Toronado
Minivan Silhouette Silhouette
SUV Bravada Bravada Bravada
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