Old Turkic language

Not to be confused with Proto-Turkic language or Turkic languages.
"Old Turkish" redirects here. For the form of Turkish spoken in what is now modern Turkey during the 11th-15th centuries, see Old Anatolian Turkish.
Old Turkic
Old Uyghur
Region Central Asia and Mongolia
Era evolved into other Turkic languages
Old Turkic, Brahmi, Uyghur alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3 Either:
otk  Old Turkish
oui  Old Uighur
Linguist list
otk Old Turkish
  oui Old Uighur
Glottolog oldu1238[1]

Old Turkic (also East Old Turkic, Orkhon Turkic, Old Uyghur) is the earliest attested form of Turkic, found in Göktürk and Uyghur inscriptions dating from about the 7th century to the 13th century. It is the oldest attested member of the Orkhon branch of Turkic, which is extant in the modern Western Yugur language. Confusingly, it is not the ancestor of the language now called Uighur; the contemporaneous ancestor of Uighur to the west is called Middle Turkic.

Old Turkic is attested in a number of scripts, including the Orkhon-Yenisei runiform script, the Old Uyghur alphabet (a form of the Sogdian alphabet), the Brāhmī script, the Manichean alphabet, and the Perso-Arabic script.

Sources

Sources of Old Turkic are divided into three corpora:

Phonology

Old Turkic has nine vowel qualities;

Vowels
Front Back
Unr. Rnd. Unr. Rnd.
Close i y ɯ u
Open e ø ɑ o

Rounded vowels only occur at the first syllable

The consonantal system;

Labial Dental Post-
alveolar
Velar Uvular
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop pb td kg qb
Fricative sz ʃ
Trill ɾ
Approximant kl j

Old Turkic words do not begin with the sounds b, d, g, b, l, p, ɾ, , z.

See also

References

  1. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Old Uighur". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

Further Reading

External links

Old Turkic language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
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