Oflag 64

Oflag 64
Szubin, Poland
Monument in Szubin
Oflag 64
Coordinates	53°00′19″N 17°43′28″E / 53.0052°N 17.7245°E / 53.0052; 17.7245
Type	Prisoner-of-war camp
Site information
Controlled by	Nazi Germany
Site history
In use	1943-1945
Garrison information
Occupants	U.S. Army officers

Oflag 64 was a World War II German prisoner-of-war camp for officers located at Szubin a few miles south of Bydgoszcz, in Pomorze, Poland, which at that time was occupied by Nazi Germany. It was probably the only German POW camp set up exclusively for U.S. Army ground component officers. At most other camps there were several nationalities, although they were usually separated into national compounds.

The camp was built around a Polish boys' school by adding barracks. Initially it was Stalag XXI-B for Polish soldiers until December 1940. It then it became Oflag XXI-B for French and British Commonwealth officers, subsequently for Soviet officers until June 1943. They were then moved out to other camps, the Commonwealth flying personnel to Stalag Luft III Sagan, others to Oflag XXI-C Ostrzeszów. It was then re-numbered.

Camp history

On June 6, 1943 the camp was redesignated Oflag 64; it became an American officers-only camp with the arrival of officers captured in the North Africa Campaign in Tunisia. In late 1943 an escape committee started digging a tunnel which was to pass under the barbed wire fence, but in March 1944, upon receiving news of the disastrous results of the "Great Escape" from Stalag Luft III the escape committee ordered a shut-down of the operation.^[1] In June 1944 senior American officers captured in the Battle of Normandy were sent to Oflag 64.

On January 21, 1945 the roll call counted a total of 1,471 POWs. Because of approaching Soviet troops, all POWs capable of walking were marched out. The senior U.S. officer was Lieutenant Colonel Paul Goode.^[2] Two days, later, on January 23, 1945, the camp was liberated by the Soviet 61st Army. There were approximately 100 Americans, sick and medical personnel, and a few that had hidden in the old escape tunnel. About 200 escaped from the marching column and returned to the camp.

Aftermath

The group that marched out of Szubin, reached Oflag XIII-B at Hammelburg on March 10. They marched through snow and bitter cold most of the nearly 400 miles (640 km). About 400 dropped out on the way, too weak to march, or escaped. A number were shot. Lt. Col. Goode marched with them the entire distance. Part of the group, including Lt. Col. Goode were again marched out to Stalag VII-A, Moosburg, where they were liberated by units of the U.S. 14th Armored Division on 29 April (three weeks after Hammelburg had been liberated by the same unit).

Those that had stayed at the camp experienced considerable difficulties. The Soviets wanted to hold them hostage, until all Soviet POWs in camps behind Allied lines were returned to them.^[3] Finally, under the command of Col. Frederick Drury, they reached Odessa and were evacuated on a New Zealand ship, HMNZS Monowai.

The Welcome Swede

The reason that the camp had many amenities was Swedish attorney Henry Söderberg (d. 1998),^[4] who was the YMCA representative to the area, and frequently visited the camps (including Stalag Luft III, famous for "The Great Escape") bearing gift items that furnished each camp with a band and orchestra, a well-equipped library, and sports equipment, along with religious items needed by chaplains, causing him to become known as "The Welcome Swede", which became the title of a 1988 book by American journalist J. Frank Diggs (1916-2004), a POW at nearby Oflag64.^[5]

Media

"Oflag 64: A P.O.W. Odyssey" was a TV documentary made by PBS in 2000.

See also

• List of German World War II POW camps
• Oflag
• Oflag XIII-B
• Oflag XXI-B

References

External links

• Oflag 64 Association
• Journal of Oflag 64 POW, Captain Thornton V. Sigler
• Richland College history of Oflag 64 from US Army sources and others