O tempora o mores!

Cicero throws up his brief like a Gentleman, by John Leech, from: The Comic History of Rome by Gilbert Abbott à Beckett.

"O tempora o mores" is a sentence by Cicero in the fourth book of his second oration against Verres (chapter 25) and First Oration against Catiline. It translates as Oh the times! Oh the customs! (Oh what times! Oh what customs! or alternatively, Alas the times, and the manners [1]) It is often printed as O tempora! O mores!, with the interposition of exclamation marks (not present in Classical Latin).

In his opening speech against Catiline, Cicero deplores the viciousness and corruption of his age. Cicero is frustrated that, despite all of the evidence that has been compiled against Catiline, who has been conspiring to overthrow the Roman government and assassinate Cicero himself, and in spite of the fact that the senate has given senatus consultum ultimum, Catiline has not yet been executed. Cicero goes on to describe various times throughout Roman history where consuls have killed conspirators with even less evidence, sometimes – in the case of former consul Lucius Opimius' slaughter of Gaius Gracchus (one of the Gracchi brothers) – based only on quasdam seditionum suspiciones, "certain suspicions of insurrection" (Section 2, Line 3).

Cultural references

This sentence is now used as an exclamation to criticize present-day attitudes and trends, often jokingly or wryly. Edgar Allan Poe used this phrase as the title and subject of his poem, "O, Tempora! O, Mores!", in which he criticized the manners of the men of his time.[2] Another example is by the musical comedians Flanders and Swann, where Flanders proclaims "O tempora, O mores - Oh Times, Oh Daily Mirror!"[3] The expression is used in the play and movie Inherit the Wind, a fictional account of the Scopes Trial. The phrase is uttered by the cynical reporter, Hornbeck, and refers to the town's backward attitude towards enlightened thinking (here Darwin's theory of evolution).

In November 2014, Senator Ted Cruz of Texas used a version of this speech on the U.S. Senate floor, with only a few words changed, to criticize President Barack Obama's use of executive orders.[4]

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Ottenheimer, I. & M. Latin-English Dictionary 1955
  2. ↑ Poe, Edgar Allan (2006). Fiction and poetry : complete and unabridged (Complete and unabridged. ed.). New York: Barnes & Noble. pp. 5–7. ISBN 978-0-7607-8221-7.
  3. ↑ Flanders, M and Swann, D At the Drop of Another Hat (after the track All Gall) 1964
  4. ↑ Bump, Philip (November 20, 2014). "Ted Cruz goes Peak Senate in opposition to Emperor Obama". The Washington Post.
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