Mikhail Prokhorov

Mikhail Prokhorov

Prokhorov in September 2013
Born Mikhail Dmitrievitch Prokhorov
(1965-05-03) 3 May 1965
Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Residence Moscow, Russia
Citizenship Russia
Alma mater Moscow Finance Institute
Occupation Businessman-Politician
Known for Owner of the ONEXIM Group and the Brooklyn Nets
Net worth Decrease US$8.1 billion (December 2015)[1]
Height 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)[2]
Political party Communist Party of the Soviet Union
(1988–1991)
Right Cause
(June–September 2011)
Civic Platform (2012-2015)
Spouse(s) None
Signature
Mikhail Prokhorov's voice
recorded September 2013
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Mikhail Dmitrievitch Prokhorov (Russian: Михаи́л Дми́триевич Про́хоров; IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil ˈdmʲitrʲɪjɪvʲɪtɕ ˈproxərəf]; born 3 May 1965) is a Russian billionaire, politician, and owner of the American basketball team the Brooklyn Nets. After graduating from the Moscow Finance Institute, he worked in the financial sector and subsequently went on to become one of Russia's leading industrialists, owning major stakes in multinational corporations in the precious metals sector. While he was running Norilsk Nickel, the company became the world's largest producer of nickel and palladium. He is the former chairman of Polyus Gold, Russia's largest gold producer, and the former President of Onexim Group. He resigned both positions to enter politics in June 2011.

In December 2011, Prokhorov capped a year of higher-profile political activity in Russia with the December declaration that he would run as an independent candidate in the 2012 Russian presidential election. He was third in the voting, amassing 7.94% of the total vote.[3] In June 2012 he declared the establishment of the new Russian political party called the “Party of Civic Platform”. As of 2014, Forbes estimates his wealth at $10.9 billion.[4]

Early life

Prokhorov was born in Moscow to Tamara and Dmitri Prokhorov. He has one sibling, an elder sister, Irina. His maternal grandmother, Anna Belkina, was a prominent Jewish[5][6] microbiologist who remained in Moscow during World War II to make vaccines while her daughter Tamara was moved east to safety.[6] His paternal grandparents were relatively wealthy peasant farmers (known as kulaks) who were persecuted as class enemies under the Bolsheviks and again under Stalin.[6] His father, one of eight children, grew up poor, after his family "lost everything and was forced to flee from one part of Siberia and restart life in another".[6]

Dmitri Prokhorov was trained as a lawyer and handled international relations for the Soviet Committee of Physical Culture and Sport. Tamara Prokhorova was a materials engineer at the Institute for Chemical Machine-Building.[7] As part of his job, Dmitri Prokhorov had the opportunity to travel abroad. His wife worked as an engineer for a research group at the institute specializing in plastics. They died within a year of each other, both from heart disease when they were in their late 50s.[6] Prokhorov remained in their flat, which he shared with his divorced sister and her daughter. He has never married and his sister, who "runs his philanthropic organizations, an erudite literary magazine, and a publishing house...lives in a wing of his mansion west of Moscow".[7]

In 1989, Prokhorov graduated from the Moscow Finance Institute. From 1989–92, he worked in a management position at the International Bank for Economic Cooperation. Thereafter he shortly served as head of Management Board of the MFK bank (International Finance Company) and then the United Export-Import Bank (Uneximbank; akas: Onexim Bank; Oneksimbank), with Alexander Khloponin, a friend from college, and Vladimir Potanin, to whom he was introduced by Khloponin and who became his business partner.[7]

Business career

In 1992, at the age of 27, Prokhorov partnered with Potanin to run Interros, a holding company that they used in 1995 to effect the purchase of Norilsk Nickel, one of Russia's largest nickel and palladium mining and smelting companies.[8] During the largely un-regulated privatization of former state-controlled industries after the collapse of the USSR, Prokhorov and Potanin (the latter by then a deputy prime minister who oversaw privatization) were able acquire the shares from the workers of Norilsk Nickel for a fraction of their estimated market value and seize ownership of the company. When he departed in 2007, Prokhorov's share of the company was worth US $7.5 billion.[9]

Prokhorov first major financial success came at MFK, which became a depository institution for the government. The bank acquired Soviet assets in the amount of US$300 to US$400 million. Prokhorov held the post of Chairman of the Board from 1992 until 1993. In 1993, Prokhorov became the Chairman of the Board for Potanin's Onexim Bank, which, in 1993, became the paying agent for Finance Ministry bonds and a servicing bank for the City of Moscow's external economic activities. In 1994, Onexim became the depository and paying agent for Russian Treasury obligations, and in 1995, it became the authorized bank for the federal agency dealing with bankrupt enterprises.[10]

Banks holding government funds earned handsome fees and paid minimal interest at a time when inflation was in the triple digits.[11]

In the 1990s, the Russian government needed loans to operate. Prokhorov partnered with Potanin. Their Onexim bank ran auctions for the government, in which bidders won the right to loan the Russian government money. Onexim and its affiliates were the winning bidders at the Norlisk Nickel and other auctions they conducted. The Russian government secured the loans with blocks of shares of the newly privatized state enterprises. The government never repaid the loans, and, as a result, Onexim received ownership of the collateral, which was the shares in the privatized enterprises.[11]

When cash privatization eventually replaced the failing voucher privatization phase, the government came up with a scheme to leverage the privatization process and quickly raise money for its cash-strapped operations. Under the "loans for shares" program, the administration sold off majority stakes in some of its prized companies in the energy, telecommunications, and metallurgical sectors in exchange for loans taken from the new private sector banks owned by rich businessmen. According to the terms of the loan, the lender could stake equity ownership in the company if the government failed to repay the loans by September 1996. Auctions conducted under the "loans for shares" program were executed in such a way that only the few businessmen who owned these banks were allowed to partake in auctions. Following these bogus auctions, the majority stakes in some of the biggest Russian companies were acquired by a small number of major banks at abysmally low prices. These businessmen also bankrolled Yeltsin's 1996 presidential election victory, exerting their influence over the then president.[12]

Onexim purchased SIDANKO, which was a part of the Novolipetsk metallurgical industrial complex, and also the Novorossiisk marine shipping company and a large share of the Northwest marine shipping company. All of these enterprises were purchased by Prokhorov and Potanin for approximately one third of their estimated market value.

In April 1996, Prokhorov was appointed to the Board of Directors of Norilsk Nickel (which then still belonged to the state). In November 1995, Onexim Bank won 38 percent of Norilsk Nickel in a loans-for-shares auction for US$170.1 million, a mere US$100,000 or less than a fraction of a fraction of 1% higher than the bid starting price. At the time, Norilsk produced 25% of the world's nickel output.[13]

Onexim managed the Norilsk Nickel auction, with a reservation price of US$170 million. It arranged three bids from affiliates, all at US$170 or US$170.1 million. Rossiiski Kredit Bank offered US$355 million, more than twice the starting amount. However, Onexim disqualified Rossiiski Kredit's bid on the basis that the bid amount exceeded Rossiiski Kredit's charter capital (the nominal value of its outstanding shares). Ironically, when Onexim allows its own affiliate to win the bidding at US$170.1 million, that amount also exceeded the affiliate's charter capital. The auction rules required Onexim to provide any objections in advance of the auction, to give bidders time to cure them. None of the submitted bids even closely approximated the market value of Norilsk Nickel, which had annual profits of around US$400 million.[14]

60 Minutes, the American news program, interviewed Prokhorov. The program alleged that

Kremlin leaders gave him what amounts to an insiders opportunity to buy one of the state's most valuable assets. It was acquired from the Kremlin in a so-called auction for the measly sum of a few hundred million dollars in a process that even Prokhorov's business partner admits wasn't perfect, and probably not even legal under Western standards. But it was legal in Russia".

During the interview, Russian business correspondent Yulia Latynina stated about the auction of Norlisk Nickel, "Yes, it was rigged. But, it cannot be explained in normal economic terms to an outsider, especially an American. You had robber barons, we have oligarchs."[15]

In December 2011, Prokhorov capped a year of higher-profile political activity in Russia with the December declaration that he would run as an independent in the 2012 presidential elections. He took third place in these elections with 7.94% of the vote.[3] In June 2012 he declared the establishment of a new political party called the “Party of Civic Platform”. He resigned his positions as Chairman of Polyus Gold and President of the ONEXIM Group to enter politics in June 2011.

Norilsk Nickel

Mikhail Prokhorov (right-center, wearing red tie)
Mikhail Prokhorov (center)

After selling off most of Norilsk's non-mining assets, Prokhorov moved to modernize a highly complex mining operation which required icebreakers to transport metal over the frozen Arctic region. Prokhorov invested in an innovative Finnish freighter that did not require icebreakers. Norilsk Nickel is headquartered in Moscow. Environmental and labor conditions are harsh, and pollution remains a problem; Prokhorov has invested heavily in pollution control. However, despite these efforts, the mining areas continue to suffer from a high level of pollution.[16] He converted Norilsk's gold-mining interests into the US$8.5 billion corporation Polyus Gold, Russia's largest gold producer. In 2003, he oversaw the acquisition of Stillwater Mining, his first international venture. He resigned as Norilsk CEO in February 2007 and declared his intention to separate his assets from those of long-time partner Vladimir Potanin. The two engaged in protracted negotiations to separate the conglomerate Interros, which the duo co-owned since the 1990s, into separate holdings.[17]

ONEXIM Group

In May 2007, following the decision to exit Interros, Prokhorov launched the private investment fund ONEXIM Group, with assets valued at US$17 billion at the time. As the separation from Interros proceeded, and as other industries caught Prokhorov's attention, the group rapidly changed its investment profile. In April 2008, Prokhorov sold his 25% plus two shares stake in Norilsk Nickel to United Company RUSAL, another mining conglomerate controlled by his fellow billionaire Oleg Deripaska, in exchange for some 14% of Rusal stock, about US$5 billion in cash, and additional payment obligations of US$2 billion. The deal has been singled out as a major success for Prokhorov as only three months later, following a dip in oil prices, a disastrous stock market crash halved the value of most Russian companies, including Norilsk. He emerged as one of the very few businessmen to have cashed out in time. However, his wealth has also been affected, as the value of his remaining interests in various companies (including Rusal and Open Investments) declined sharply, and as the remaining payment from Rusal had to be postponed but has since been fully paid.

In September 2008, ONEXIM Group acquired 50% of Renaissance Capital,[18] a major Russian investment bank which has reportedly encountered liquidity problems. ONEXIM purchased a small bank, renaming it IFC (for the bank which Prokhorov had run in the early 1990s). One of ONEXIM Group's divisions focuses on the development of nanotechnology investing in high-technology projects such as white LEDs. One of the key areas of development is the production of materials with ultra–tiny structures used in energy generation and medicine. As part of that focus, ONEXIM purchased Optogan in 2008.

In June 2007, the Russian Prime Minister, Mikhail Fradkov, announced the formation of the Government Council for Nanotechnology, to oversee the development of nanotechnology in the country. Prokhorov was one of 15 individuals appointed to the council, which was to be chaired by then-First Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov.[19]

In July 2009, the shareholders of RBC Information Systems agreed with Prokhorov's ONEXIM Group to sell an additional 51% stake for US$80 million, half of which went to pay off debts. The deal was closed in 2010. Prokhorov has business interests in mining and metallurgy (Polyus Gold, Intergeo, stake in Rusal), financial services (IFC-Bank, Soglassye insurance company, half of Renaissance Capital), utilities (stake in Quadra), nanotech, media (JV!) and real estate development (Open Investments).

Sports, patronage and international investments

Prokhorov owns a number of international investments. In Israel, he owns two private hospitals, where he has paid for the medical treatment of friends such as Alla Pugacheva.[20]

In March 2004, Prokhorov founded the Cultural Initiatives Foundation (as part of the Mikhail Prokhorov Foundation). It is headed by Prokhorov’s elder sister, Irina, a prominent Russian publisher. At one time, he financially supported CSKA Moscow's basketball, hockey and football clubs, and is a member of the Supreme Council of the Sport Russia organization. He serves as president of the Russian Biathlon Union. He is also an avid freeride/freestyle jet skier. He performs tricks on a stand up jet ski. In the 60 Minutes interview he stated that a backflip is his most impressive trick.[15]

In September 2009, he made an offer to buy a controlling interest in the New Jersey Nets of the National Basketball Association and half of a project to build a new arena in Brooklyn.[21][22] On 11 May 2010, the NBA approved the sale of the Nets to Prokhorov, making him the majority owner of the team with an 80% stake. He also acquired a 45% interest in the new Barclays Center sports and entertainment arena.[23][24]

He became the first non-North American team owner in the NBA.[21] In December 2011, after announcing his run for the Russian presidency, the NBA confirmed that Prokhorov's ownership interest would not need to be altered in the event of his election (Herb Kohl, a then sitting but since retired U.S. Senator, owns the Milwaukee Bucks).[25] On 30 April 2012, the Nets officially made the move to Brooklyn, rebranding themselves as the Brooklyn Nets.[26]

Controversies

At a Christmas party for the Russian nouveau riche at the French Alpine resort of Courchevel in January 2007, he was arrested on suspicion of arranging prostitutes for his guests.[21][27] After three days, he was released without charge.[28] In September 2009, Prokhorov was officially cleared from this charge and the court case was dismissed.[29] According to the French prosecutor, he had paid all expenses for the single women to travel to France, but they were not professional prostitutes or working for a prostitution agency.[30]

Prokhorov made headlines in early March 2010 when he was forced to forfeit a £36 million deposit he had placed on the £360 million Villa Leopolda in the French Riviera in 2008. Under French property law, once an initial sale contract has been signed, a deposit can be refunded only during a seven-day cooling-off period. On 2 March 2010, a court at Nice in France ruled that the villa's owner, 71-year-old Lily Safra, could keep the £36 million deposit, plus £1 million in interest.[31]

Regarding Prokhorov's political efforts and the Right Cause party, critical commentators claim that the entire endeavor is just a project of the Kremlin closely curated by Vladislav Surkov and that Prokorov was effectively appointed to be the party leader rather than being chosen by independently minded party members.[32][33] According to them, the "puppet party" was designed to divert opposition voters by using liberal rhetoric.

Awards

In August 2006, he was awarded the Order of Friendship for his significant contribution to the growth of Russia's economic potential, when the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, signed an order for the granting of state honors on 18 August 2006. In March 2011, he was bestowed with the French Legion of Honour. France's ambassador to Moscow, Jean de Gliniasty, presented it at the French embassy in Moscow.[34]

Russian politics

In May 2011, Prokhorov announced a plan to join the leadership of the Russian pro-business political party Right Cause.[21] While not antagonistic to the Kremlin, the party was seen as likely to support President Dmitry Medvedev rather than Prime Minister Vladimir Putin if the latter entered the 2012 presidential race. In June of that year, Prokhorov was elected to the leadership of the party at the Right Cause Party Congress of 2011. At the acceptance ceremony, Prokhorov officially criticized the present ruling tandem of Medvedev-Putin, the structure of Russia, and vowed to bring Russia back to a stable development course.[35] However, in September 2011, Prokhorov reversed course and resigned from Right Cause, "condemning it as a 'puppet Kremlin party' micromanaged by a 'puppet master' in the president's office ... Vladislav Y. Surkov".[36]

In December 2011, after the legislative elections, Prokhorov announced that he would contest the 2012 presidential election against Vladimir Putin as an independent.[37] He called it at the time "probably[38] the most important decision of my life".[37] Communist leader Gennady Zyuganov and opposition leader Boris Nemtsov both saw the move as an attempt "to preserve Putin's regime".[39] In the 4 March 2012 presidential polling, Prokhorov gained 7.94% of the vote.[3][40] According to a poll by VTSIOM his candidacy was known by only 8% of the Russian electorate.[3] In June 2012 he became the leader of the Civic Platform Party.[41]

Campaign promises and views

While running for president in 2012, he made a number of promises if he was to be elected. For domestic policy, Prokhorov promised to build more roads, railroad tracks, and increase the Russian standard of living to the point of it being higher than in the United States.[42]

For foreign policy, he viewed that Russia should create a closer partnership for trade with the European Union and close it with the Central Asian zone. Threat countries in his opinion are the "non-democratic" or human rights abusing regimes, in which he named Iran and Syria as the primary ones.[42]

Personal Life

Prokhorov is acknowledged as one of the world's most eligible bachelors. Shortly after purchasing the Nets, he vowed to get married if the Nets had not won the NBA championship within five years. In July 2015, he rescinded the pledge, saying that NBA Commissioner Adam Silver had "taken his place" by marrying his fiancee in May.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Forbes: The World's Billionaires: "Mikhail Prokhorov" March 2015
  2. ↑ "Mikhail Prokhorov's Childhood Nickname Was Giraffe!"
  3. 1 2 3 4 Prokhorov still considered oligarch, not politician, Russia Today (23 March 2012)
  4. ↑ "The World's Billionaires> Russia". Forbes. n.d. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
  5. ↑ "Mikhail Prokhorov: The Oligarch Presidential Candidate". RussianMind. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Brown, Chip (28 October 2010). "The N.B.A.'s Oligarch and His Power Games". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
  7. 1 2 3 Ioffe, Julia, "The Master and Mikhail: Are Putin and Prokhorov running for President against or with each other?", 27 February 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  8. ↑ "ИНТЕРРОС: 404". Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  9. ↑ Potanin to Split Interros Assets
  10. ↑ "Famous Russians: Mikhail Prokhorov". Russapedia.
  11. 1 2 Black, Bernard; et al. "Russian Privatization and Corporate Governance: What Went Wrong". Stanford Law Review. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  12. ↑ "Oligarchs: The First Russian Capitalists". Spotlight on Russian Oligarchs. Thomas White. Archived from the original on September 1, 2011.
  13. ↑ "Mikhail Prokhorov". The Moscow Times.
  14. ↑ Black, Bernard; et al. "Russian Privatization and Corporate Governance: What Went Wrong" (PDF). Stanford Law Review. Retrieved 16 February 2012., p. 15; further reference to Ira W. Lieberman & Rogi Veimetra, "The Rush for State Shares in the 'Klondyke' of Wild East Capitalism: The Loans-for-Shares Transactions in Russia", George Washington Journal of International Law & Economics 29: 737-768 (1996).
  15. 1 2 "Prokhorov:The Russian is Coming". CBS News 60 Minutes. 28 March 2010. Retrieved 5 March 2012. See alternative url: http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/03/25/60minutes/main6333015.shtml
  16. ↑ "Top 10 Most Polluted Places". Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  17. ↑ "Prokhorov, Potanin to split Interros assets", St-Petersburg Times, 2 February 2007
  18. ↑ "Straightstocks.com". Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  19. ↑ BBC News (13 December 2011). "Profile: Mikhail Prokhorov, Russian billionaire". BBC News.
  20. ↑ Mikhail Prokhorov is treated in Israel and does not trust the Kremlin hospital Izrus, 23.12.2012
  21. 1 2 3 4 Debevoise, Pola (5 March 2014). "M: Billionaires Don't Do Guilt, A Post-Davos Conversation". WWD. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
  22. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (23 September 2009). "Richest Russian's Newest Toy: An N.B.A. Team". New York Times. A Russian tycoon with a longstanding passion for basketball agreed to a $200 million deal on Wednesday that would make him the principal owner of the New Jersey Nets and a key investor in the team’s proposed new home in Brooklyn.
  23. ↑ "NBA Board of Governors approves sale of Nets to Mikhail Prokhorov". NJ.com. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  24. ↑ "Prokhorov gets control of Nets", ESPN with Associated Press, updated 12 May 2010.
  25. ↑ Mamudi, Sam, "NBA says Prokhorov can run Russia and Nets", MarketWatch, 12 December 2011; retrieved 12 December 2011.
  26. ↑ Araton, Harvey (4 July 2012). "Nets, After a String of Homes, Hope to Settle Into Brooklyn". nytimes.com. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  27. ↑ Bryanski, Gleb (12 January 2007). "French spoil party for Russia's super-rich ski set". Washington Post. Retrieved 29 March 2010. French police held Mikhail Prokhorov, co-owner of the world's biggest nickel producer with an estimated fortune of US$7.6 billion, after he was detained with a group of young women in an upmarket Courchevel hotel on Tuesday.
  28. ↑ Russen im Wintersport: Der lustfeindliche Westen, Süddeutsche Zeitung, 23 January 2007
  29. ↑ "France drops prostitution case against Russia's richest man", Sydney Morning Herald, 29 September 2009
  30. ↑ Bremner, Charles. "Russian playboy 'flew in callgirls'". theaustralian.com.au.
  31. ↑ Sparks, Ian (3 March 2010). "Russian billionaire loses £36m deposit he put down on the world's most expensive home... plus another £1m interest". Daily Mail (London). Retrieved 29 March 2010.
  32. ↑ Schwirtz, Michael (16 May 2011). "Mikhail D. Prokhorov to Lead a Russian Political Party". The New York Times.
  33. ↑ "Немцов: Прохоров сделал ошибку, возглавив "карманную партию" Суркова". Росбалт. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  34. ↑ Russian Capitalist Wiki contributors (01-15-2014). "Mikhail Prokhorov". Russian Capitalist Wiki. (Retrieved 02-13-2014).
  35. ↑ O'Connor, Clare (16 May 2011). "Billionaire Nets Owner Prokhorov To Enter Politics…And Take On Putin?". Forbes. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
  36. ↑ Kramer, Andrew E., and Ellen Barry, "Amid Political Rancor, Russian Party Leader Quits",The New York Times, 15 September 2011.
  37. 1 2 Morcroft, Greg, "NBA team owner Prokhorov to run against Putin", MarketWatch citing Bloomberg, 12 December 2011.
  38. ↑ Barry, Ellen, and David M. Herszenhorn, "Billionaire and Ex-Minister to Oppose Putin in Russian Presidential Election" (limited no-charge access), The New York Times, December 12, 2011. The Times quote also said "serious" instead of "important", v. the MarketWatch quote of the same date. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
  39. ↑ "BBC News - Profile: Mikhail Prokhorov, Russian billionaire". BBC News. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  40. ↑ Results of the presidential elections in Russia 2012, sobesednik.ru.
  41. ↑ "Вести.Ru: Прохоров объявил о создании новой партии". vesti.ru. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  42. 1 2 ПРОХОРОВ vs ЖИРИНОВСКИЙ и ПУГАЧЕВА / ДЕБАТЫ 28.02.12. YouTube. February 28, 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2015.

External links

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