Nocera Inferiore

Nocera Inferiore
Comune
Comune di Nocera Inferiore

Coat of arms
Nocera Inferiore

Location of Nocera Inferiore in Italy

Coordinates: 40°45′N 14°38′E / 40.750°N 14.633°E / 40.750; 14.633
Country Italy
Region Campania
Province Salerno (SA)
Frazioni Cicalesi, Merichi, Vescovado, Casolla, San Mauro
Government
 • Mayor Manlio Torquato
Area
 • Total 20 km2 (8 sq mi)
Elevation 43 m (141 ft)
Population (1 December 2009)[1]
 • Total 45,868
 • Density 2,300/km2 (5,900/sq mi)
Demonym(s) Nocerini
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 84014
Dialing code 081
Patron saint St. Priscus
Saint day May 9
Website Official website
Locator map within the Province of Salerno
Cathedral-Basilica of Priscus of Nocera
Cathedral bell tower, made by Francesco Solimena
Cathedral dome Gloria del Paradiso
Il Monastery and Basilica of Sant'Anna
Basilica of Sant'Antonio
Il Sanctuary of Santa Maria dei Miracoli
Church San Bartolomeo
Palazzo vescovile
Adoration of the Magi, particular

Nocera Inferiore is a town and comune in Campania, Italy, in the province of Salerno, at the foot of Monte Albino, 20 km east-south-east of Naples by rail.

History

In the period before the Roman supremacy in southern Italy, Nuceria Alfaterna appears to have been the chief town in the valley of the Sarnus, Herculaneum, Pompeii, Stabiae and Surrentum all being dependent upon it. The coins of the town bear the head of the river god. It maintained its allegiance to Rome till 309 BC when it joined the revolted Samnites. There is also an alphabet called nucerino, derived from the Etruscan. In 308 BC it repulsed a Roman attempt to land at the mouth of the Sarnus, but in 307 BC it was besieged and surrendered. It obtained favourable terms, and remained faithful to Rome even after Cannae.

Hannibal reduced it in 216 BC by starvation, and destroyed the town. The inhabitants returned when peace was restored. Even during the Social War Nuceria remained true to Rome, though the dependent towns joined the revolt; after it they were formed into independent communities, and Nuceria received the territory of Stabiae, which had been destroyed by Sulla in 89 BC, as a compensation. In 73 BC it was plundered by Spartacus.

At an early date the city became an episcopal see, and in the 12th century it sided with Innocent II against Roger of Sicily, and suffered severely for its choice.

In the 13th century, and long after, the town had the name of Nocera de' Pagani (Nocera of the pagans) because a colony of Muslim Saracens was introduced by Frederick II.[2] The town was described as "a genuine Muhammadan town with all its characteristic mosques and minarets."[3] It is said that, through their darker complexion and features, the townsfolk maintain the heritage of these Muslims settlers.[4] Notably, while the towns name was changed from Nocera de' Pagani to Nocera Inferiore, a nearby town, Nuceria Christianorum, was renamed Nocera Superiore.[5]

A small colony of Saracens was actually introduced in the town around the 9th century.

By the end of 15th century, until 1806 had the epithet ("of the pagans", Nuceria Paganorum). Today there is the town of Pagani, which lies about one 1.5 km to the west.

In 1385 Pope Urban VI was besieged in the castle by Charles III of Naples.

Main sights

Helena, the widow of Manfred of Sicily, was imprisoned in the Castle and died here after the battle of Benevento (1268). Here also Urban VI imprisoned the cardinals who favoured the antipope Clement VII. The castle also had as guests the writers Dante Alighieri and Boccaccio.

About three kilometers to the east, near the village of Nocera Superiore, is the circular church of Santa Maria Maggiore, dating from the 6th century. Its chief feature is its dome, ceiled with stone internally, but covered externally with a false roof. It is supported by 40 ancient columns, and in its construction resembles Santo Stefano Rotondo in Rome. The walls are covered with frescoes from the 14th century.

Monuments

Basilicas

Churches

Castle

Buildings

Museums

Notable people

Transportation

Nocera is connected with Naples, Avellino and Salerno by a branch railway.

Notes and references

  1. ↑ All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute Istat.
  2. ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). The Encyclopædia britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, Volume 19 (11 ed.). The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. p. 730.
  3. ↑ Robert Browning (1984). The Poetical Works of Robert Browning: Volume II. Strafford, Sordello (reprint, annotated ed.). Clarendon Press. p. 300. ISBN 9780198123170.
  4. ↑ Walter Scott (31 Aug 2013). Douglas, David, ed. The Journal of Sir Walter Scott: Volume 2: From the Original Manuscript at Abbotsford (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 470–1. ISBN 9781108064309. In the latter village [Nocera Inferiore] the Saracens obtained a place of refuge, from which it takes the name. It is also said that the circumstance is kept in memory by the complexion and features of this second Nocera, which are peculiarly of the African caste and tincture.
  5. ↑ Walter Scott (31 Aug 2013). Douglas, David, ed. The Journal of Sir Walter Scott: Volume 2: From the Original Manuscript at Abbotsford (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 470. ISBN 9781108064309.

Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

See also

External links

Media related to Nocera Inferiore at Wikimedia Commons

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