Nothobranchiidae

Nothobranchidae
Bluefin notho, Nothobranchius rachovii
Nigerian killi, Fundulopanchax gardneri nigerianus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Superclass: Osteichthyes
Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii
Infraclass: Teleostei
Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Cyprinodontiformes
Suborder: Aplocheiloidei
Family: Nothobranchiidae
Garman, 1895

Nothobranchiidae are a family of bony fishes containing roughly 300 species. They are small killifish, usually measuring about 5 centimetres (2.0 in). They are essentially limited to Africa, and were formerly included in the family Aplocheilidae (that family is now limited to Malagasy and Asian species, and the single West African Pseudepiplatys annulatus). They live in fresh water but are somewhat salt-tolerant. They are also found in muddy or brackish water. Some species are kept as aquarium pets. They have frilly fins and many are brightly colored.

Members of genus Nothobranchius are found in mud pools on the plains of Africa, a habitat shared by no other fish except the lungfishes. Their life cycle is only a year long – and they die when the pools dry up, however the species survive because their eggs remain inactive (in diapause) in the dry bottom substrate throughout the dry season. (This is not true for lungfish, which are capable of surviving seasonal drying out of their habitats by burrowing into mud and estivating throughout the dry season. They can live to be at least 80 years of age.)[1] Pools of this type are often sprayed with poison to reduce mosquito populations, which also kills the fish. As might be expected with short-lived species living in an ephemeral habitat, many of these fish reach sexual maturity within weeks of hatching, and are prolific breeders.

Nothobranchius furzeri is the shortest-living vertebrate that can be bred in captivity, having a lifespan of between three to nine months.[2] Nothobranchius furzeri needs much food because it grows quickly, so when food supplied is inadequate, bigger fish will eat the smaller fish.[3]

Genera[4]

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References

  1. ↑ "Explore by Animal – Granddad: the Aquarium's Oldest Fish". Shedd Aquarium. 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
  2. ↑ Valenzano DR, Sharp S, Brunet A (2011). "Transposon-Mediated Transgenesis in the Short-Lived African Killifish Nothobranchius furzeri, a Vertebrate Model for Aging". G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics 1 (7): 531–538. doi:10.1534/g3.111.001271. PMC 3276177. PMID 22384364.
  3. ↑ "Species File: Nothobranchius furzeri". Killi.co.uk. 2009–2013. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  4. ↑ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2012). "Nothobranchiidae" in FishBase. August 2012 version.


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