List of northernmost items

Ny-Ålesund at 79°N - location of the northernmost hotel, restaurant, camping site.

This is a list of various northernmost things on earth.

Cities and settlements

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Capital (of an independent state) Reykjavík, Iceland[1] 64°08′N 21°56′W / 64.133°N 21.933°W / 64.133; -21.933 (Reykjavík, Iceland)
Capital (of a constituent country) Nuuk, Greenland[2] 64°10′N 51°44′W / 64.167°N 51.733°W / 64.167; -51.733 (Nuuk, Greenland)
Permanent settlement of any size Alert, Nunavut (CFS Alert), Canada[3] 82°28′N 62°30′W / 82.467°N 62.500°W / 82.467; -62.500 (Alert, Nunavut, Canada)
City > 1,000 people Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway[4] 78°13′N 15°33′E / 78.217°N 15.550°E / 78.217; 15.550 (Longyearbyen (> 1000 people), Norway)
City > 5,000 people Tiksi, Russia[5] 71°38′N 128°52′E / 71.633°N 128.867°E / 71.633; 128.867 (Tiksi (> 5,000 people), Russia)
City > 50,000 people Tromsø, Norway 69°40′33″N 18°55′10″E / 69.67583°N 18.91944°E / 69.67583; 18.91944 (Tromso (> 50,000 people, Norway)
City > 100,000 people Norilsk, Russia[6][7] 69°21′N 88°12′E / 69.350°N 88.200°E / 69.350; 88.200 (Norilsk (> 100,000 people), Russia)
City > 250,000 people Murmansk, Russia 68°58′N 33°05′E / 68.967°N 33.083°E / 68.967; 33.083 (Murmansk (> 250,000 people), Russia)
City > 500,000 people Helsinki, Finland 60°10′15″N 24°56′15″E / 60.17083°N 24.93750°E / 60.17083; 24.93750 (Helsinki (> 500,000 people), Finland)
City > 1,000,000 people Saint Petersburg, Russia[8] 59°57′N 30°18′E / 59.950°N 30.300°E / 59.950; 30.300 (Saint Petersburg (> 1,000,000 people), Russia)
City > 10,000,000 people Moscow, Russia[8] 55°45′N 37°29′E / 55.750°N 37.483°E / 55.750; 37.483 (Moscow (> 1,000,000 people), Russia)

See also: Northernmost settlements, Northernmost cities and towns

Geography

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Island Kaffeklubben Island, Greenland[9] 83°40′N 29°50′W / 83.667°N 29.833°W / 83.667; -29.833 (Kaffeklubben Island)
Active volcano Beerenberg, Jan Mayen, Norway[10] 71°4′36″N 8°9′52″W / 71.07667°N 8.16444°W / 71.07667; -8.16444 (Beerenberg volcano)
Coral atoll Kure Atoll, Hawaii, United States[11] 28°25′16″N 178°19′55″W / 28.42111°N 178.33194°W / 28.42111; -178.33194 (Kure Atoll)
Active Sand dunes Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Park, Saskatchewan, Canada 59°03′47″N 108°57′44″W / 59.06306°N 108.96222°W / 59.06306; -108.96222 (Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Park)
Lake Lake North Pole, North Pole[12] 85°N 5°W / 85°N 5°W / 85; -5 (Lake North Pole)[13]
Location with all monthly
average temperatures above freezing		 Værøy and
Røst, Norway[14][15]		 67°40′N 12°40′E / 67.667°N 12.667°E / 67.667; 12.667 (Værøy)
67°31′N 12°5′E / 67.517°N 12.083°E / 67.517; 12.083 (Røst)

Nature

Animals

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Coral reef off the north coast of Norway[16] 71°15′N 25°0′E / 71.250°N 25.000°E / 71.250; 25.000 (Coral reef)
Bat colony (naturally occurring) Rundhaug, Målselv (Troms), Norway[17] 68°58′30″N 19°3′52″E / 68.97500°N 19.06444°E / 68.97500; 19.06444 (Bat)
Non-human primate colony Shimokita Peninsula, Honshu, Japan[18] 41°32′N 140°55′E / 41.533°N 140.917°E / 41.533; 140.917 (Japanese macaque)
Reptile: viviparous lizard Scandinavia and Russia [19] approximately 68°N

Plants

These lists only contain naturally occurring plants and trees.

General

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Forest Lukunsky grove of Dahurian larch, south from Khatanga River, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia[20] 72°31′N 105°03′E / 72.517°N 105.050°E / 72.517; 105.050 (Dahurian larch)
Palms (European fan palm Chamaerops humilis) Nice, Mediterranean coast of southern France[21] 43°42′N 7°15′E / 43.700°N 7.250°E / 43.700; 7.250 (European fan palm)
Flower Purple saxifrage on Kaffeklubben Island[22] 83°40′N 29°50′W / 83.667°N 29.833°W / 83.667; -29.833 (Kaffeklubben Island)

Shrubs

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Willow (Arctic willow Salix arctica) reaches the northern limits of land in Greenland[23]

Trees

see also tree line
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Larch (Dahurian larch Larix gmelinii) About 150 km westward of Khatanga River outfall, Taymyr Peninsula, Siberia, Russia.[24] 73°04′32″N 102°00′00″E / 73.07556°N 102.00000°E / 73.07556; 102.00000 (Dahurian larch) this location is that of the northernmost tree of any kind (this is a creeping form of Dahurian larch)
Ash (European ash Fraxinus excelsior) Leksvik and Frosta[25] (Nord-Trøndelag), Norway
Beech forest (European beech Fagus sylvatica) Seim[26] in Lindås (Hordaland), Norway
Elm forest (Wych elm Ulmus glabra) Beiarn[27] (Nordland), Norway
European holly (Ilex aquifolium) Bremsnes[28] in Averøy, (Møre og Romsdal), Norway
Hazel (Corylus avellana) Prestegårdsskogen nature reserve, Steigen[29] (Nordland), Norway
Lime (Small-leaved lime Tilia cordata) Brønnøy[30] (Nordland), Norway
Oak forest (English oak Quercus robur) Edøya[31] in Smøla (Møre og Romsdal), Norway

Recreation

Culture and music

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Blues Festival Dark Season Blues,[32] Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway 78°15′N 15°31′E / 78.250°N 15.517°E / 78.250; 15.517 (Dark Season Blues)
Symphony orchestra Tromsø Symphony Orchestra, Tromsø,[33] Norway 69°38′50″N 18°57′20″E / 69.64722°N 18.95556°E / 69.64722; 18.95556 (Tromsø Symphony Orchestra)
Soul and Blues Festival Alta Soul & Blues Festival,[34] Alta, Norway 69°56′N 23°18′E / 69.933°N 23.300°E / 69.933; 23.300 (Alta Soul & Blues Festival)
Museum Svalbard Museum,[35] Svalbard, Norway 78°13′N 15°38′E / 78.217°N 15.633°E / 78.217; 15.633 (Svalbard Museum)

Sport

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Ski resort Tromsø, Norway [36]Also self claimed 69°40′N 19°04′E / 69.667°N 19.067°E / 69.667; 19.067 (ski resort)
Alpine ski centre Alta Norway [37] 70°2′5″N 23°32′9″E / 70.03472°N 23.53583°E / 70.03472; 23.53583
Nine-hole golf course Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, Canada[38] 70°44′N 117°45′W / 70.733°N 117.750°W / 70.733; -117.750 (9 hole golf course)
High school American football team Barrow, Alaska, United States[39][40][41] 71°17′N 156°45′W / 71.283°N 156.750°W / 71.283; -156.750
Bowling alley Alert, Nunavut, Canada[42] 82°30′N 62°19′W / 82.500°N 62.317°W / 82.500; -62.317

Religion

Tromsø Cathedral, Tromsø
Nord Kamal Mosque, Norilsk, Russia
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Church Church of St. Nicholas the Miracle Worker,[43] Alexandra Land, Franz Josef Land, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia 80°48′0″N 047°44′0″E / 80.80000°N 47.73333°E / 80.80000; 47.73333 (Church of St. Nicholas the Miracle Worker)
Medieval church Trondenes Church,[44] Norway 68°49′19″N 16°33′44″E / 68.8220°N 16.5622°E / 68.8220; 16.5622 (Trondenes Church)
Synagogue Murmansk,[45] Russia 68°58′N 33°05′E / 68.967°N 33.083°E / 68.967; 33.083 (Murmansk Synagogue)
Mosque Alnor Senter, Tromsø, Norway[46][47]
 69°39′15.01″N 18°57′36.25″E / 69.6541694°N 18.9600694°E / 69.6541694; 18.9600694 (Alnor Senter)
Mosque Custom Built Nurd Kamal Mosque, Norilsk, Russia[48]
 69°20′27.19″N 88°12′3.21″E / 69.3408861°N 88.2008917°E / 69.3408861; 88.2008917 (Nurd Kamal Mosque)
Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses Rikets sal, Rypklubbveien, Hammerfest, Norway[49] 70°38′56″N 23°39′46″E / 70.648750°N 23.662830°E / 70.648750; 23.662830 (Hammerfest menighet)
Buddhist stupa Siikainen stupa, Siikainen, Finland[50] 61°54′54″N 21°55′32″E / 61.915016°N 21.925590°E / 61.915016; 21.925590 (Siikainen stupa)
Monastery Pechenga Monastery,[51] Pechenga, Murmanskaya, Russia 69°32′41″N 31°12′47″E / 69.544630°N 31.213128°E / 69.544630; 31.213128 (Pechenga monastery)
Hindu temple Sri Ganesha Hindu temple,[52] Anchorage, Alaska, United States 61°10′47″N 149°57′43″W / 61.179746°N 149.961920°W / 61.179746; -149.961920 (Sri Ganesha Hindu temple)
Catholic church St. Michael's Church,[53] Hammerfest, Norway 70°39′49″N 23°41′22″E / 70.663530°N 23.689390°E / 70.663530; 23.689390 (St. Michael's Church)
Mormon temple Anchorage Alaska Temple,[54] Anchorage, Alaska, United States 61°06′06″N 149°50′33″W / 61.101784°N 149.842501°W / 61.101784; -149.842501 (Anchorage Alaska Temple)

Education

Item Place Latitude/longitude
University University of Tromsø,[55][56] Tromsø, Norway 69°40′N 18°56′E / 69.667°N 18.933°E / 69.667; 18.933 (University of Tromsø)
Higher education institute University Centre in Svalbard,[57] Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway 78°13′N 15°36′E / 78.217°N 15.600°E / 78.217; 15.600 (University Centre in Svalbard)
School Longyearbyen school [58] Svalbard, Norway 78°12′N 15°37′E / 78.20°N 15.61°E / 78.20; 15.61

Transportation

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Railway Obskaya–Bovanenkovo Line, Russia[59] 70°22′30″N 68°40′12″E / 70.37500°N 68.67000°E / 70.37500; 68.67000
Metro station Mellunmäki metro station, Helsinki, Finland (Helsinki Metro)[60] 60°14′21″N 25°6′39″E / 60.23917°N 25.11083°E / 60.23917; 25.11083 (Mellunmäki metro station)
Motorway Tornio–Kemi, Finland (road 29/E8)[61] 65°50′N 24°20′E / 65.833°N 24.333°E / 65.833; 24.333 (Tornio–Keminmaa motorway)
Airport, permanent with flights but no scheduled Alert Airport, Nunavut, Canada[3][62] 82°31′04″N 062°16′50″W / 82.51778°N 62.28056°W / 82.51778; -62.28056 (Alert Airport)
Airport, permanent with scheduled flights Svalbard Longyear Airport, Svalbard, Norway[63] 78°14′46″N 15°27′56″E / 78.24611°N 15.46556°E / 78.24611; 15.46556 (Longyear Airport)
Bridge Havøysund Bridge[64] 70°59′40″N 24°38′52″E / 70.9945°N 24.6477°E / 70.9945; 24.6477

Fast food chains

Item Place Latitude/longitude
McDonald's Murmansk, Russia[65] 68°58′13″N 33°04′18″E / 68.970297°N 33.071709°E / 68.970297; 33.071709
Subway Murmansk, Russia[66] 68°58′23″N 33°04′40″E / 68.973058°N 33.077710°E / 68.973058; 33.077710
Burger King Tromsø, Norway[67] 69°40′18″N 18°55′15″E / 69.671642°N 18.920732°E / 69.671642; 18.920732

Other

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Botanical garden Tromsø Botaniske Hage,[68] Tromsø, Troms, Norway[55] 69°40′N 18°56′E / 69.667°N 18.933°E / 69.667; 18.933 (Tromsø Botaniske Hage)
Hospital Longyearbyen Hospital, Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway 78°13′N 15°38′E / 78.217°N 15.633°E / 78.217; 15.633 (University Hospital of North Norway)
Commercial vineyard Lerkekåsa Vineyard and Art Gallery,[69] Gvarv, Telemark, Norway 59°40′N 09°19′E / 59.667°N 9.317°E / 59.667; 9.317 (Lerkekåsa Vineyard)
Vineyard Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant, Finland [70] 61°14′N 21°26′E / 61.233°N 21.433°E / 61.233; 21.433 (Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant)
Olive grove Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom[71] 53°25′N 04°25′W / 53.417°N 4.417°W / 53.417; -4.417 (Calon Lân)
Brewery Brewery Immiaq,[72] Ilulissat, Greenland 69°13′12″N 051°05′57″W / 69.22000°N 51.09917°W / 69.22000; -51.09917 (Brewery Immiaq, Ilulissat)
Diplomatic mission Russian Consulate-General[73] in Barentsburg, on Spitsbergen, Norway[74] 78°04′N 014°13′E / 78.067°N 14.217°E / 78.067; 14.217 (Russian Consulate-General, Barentsburg)
Fortress Vardøhus Fortress,[75] Vardø, Norway 70°22′20″N 31°5′40″E / 70.37222°N 31.09444°E / 70.37222; 31.09444 (Vardøhus Fortress)
Medieval stone castle Olavinlinna, Savonlinna, Finland[76] 61°51′50″N 28°54′0″E / 61.86389°N 28.90000°E / 61.86389; 28.90000 (Medieval stone castle, Olavinlinna)
Webcam North Pole Environmental Observatory,[77][78] drifting on the Arctic Ocean's pack ice 84°06′N 2°00′E / 84.1°N 2°E / 84.1; 2 (Webcam at North Pole Environmental Observatory (August position)) (August, position varies)
Automated teller machine Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway [79] 78°13′N 15°33′E / 78.217°N 15.550°E / 78.217; 15.550 (Town of Longyearbyen (> 1000 people), Norway)
Piano Pyramiden, Svalbard, Norway [80] 78°41′N 16°24′E / 78.683°N 16.400°E / 78.683; 16.400 (Pyramiden (4 people), Norway)
Post office Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway [81] 78°55′N 11°56′E / 78.917°N 11.933°E / 78.917; 11.933 (Ny-Ålesund, Norway)
Zoo Bardu, Troms, Norway 69°40′N 18°56′E / 69.667°N 18.933°E / 69.667; 18.933 (Bardu, Norway)
Known shipwreck Breadalbane, near Beechey Island, Nunavut, Canada [82][83] 74°41′N 91°50′W / 74.683°N 91.833°W / 74.683; -91.833 (Breadalbane)
Dolphinarium Särkänniemi, Tampere, Finland [84] 61°30′19″N 023°44′38″E / 61.50528°N 23.74389°E / 61.50528; 23.74389 (Coordinates of Särkänniemi)
Restaurant Mellageret Kafe,[85] Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway 78°55′26″N 11°54′19″E / 78.923769°N 11.905344°E / 78.923769; 11.905344 (Coordinates of Ny-Ålesund)
Library Longyearbyen Public Library,[86] Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway 78°13′04″N 15°38′27″E / 78.217695°N 15.640905°E / 78.217695; 15.640905
Skyscraper The Vysotsky Business Center,[87] Yekaterinburg, Russia 56°50′11″N 60°36′57″E / 56.836483°N 60.615843°E / 56.836483; 60.615843

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Trucker Reaches $32,000 Level On Quiz Show". The Modesto Bee. January 2, 1957. Retrieved March 16, 2010. ("Einfrank said correctly that the capital of the sovereign, independent nation located farthest north is Reykjavik, Iceland")
  2. ↑ Guinness World Records 2003 p.128 (2003) (ISBN 978-0553586367)("The most northerly capital of a dependency is Nuuk")
  3. 1 2 Reynolds, Lindor (August 31, 2000). "Life is cold and hard and desolate at Alert, Nunavut". Guelph Mercury. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved March 16, 2010. ("Twice a year, the military resupply Alert, the world's northernmost settlement.")
  4. ↑ Rosenthal, Elisabeth (March 3, 2008). "A Speck of Sunlight Is a Town’s Yearly Alarm Clock". The New York Times. Retrieved March 16, 2010. ("this remote Arctic settlement — which bills itself as the northernmost town in the world ... The 2,000 inhabitants of Longyearbyen...")
  5. ↑ "4. ЧИСЛЕННОСТЬ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РОССИИ, СУБЪЕКТОВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ В СОСТАВЕ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫХ ОКРУГОВ, РАЙОНОВ, ГОРОДСКИХ ПОСЕЛЕНИЙ, СЕЛЬСКИХ НАСЕЛЕННЫХ ПУНКТОВ – РАЙОННЫХ ЦЕНТРОВ И СЕЛЬСКИХ НАСЕЛЕННЫХ ПУНКТОВ С НАСЕЛЕНИЕМ 3 ТЫСЯЧИ И БОЛЕЕ ЧЕЛОВЕК". Perepis2002.ru. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
  6. ↑ Waldemar Januszczak (January 20, 2008). "Darker than it looks". London: The Times. Retrieved April 16, 2010. ("Norilsk, in Siberia, is the northernmost city on the planet, and one of only two cities, the other being Yakutsk, in the permafrost zone inside the Arctic Circle.")
  7. ↑ Jorma Mänty, & Norman Pressman. Cities designed for winter p.295 (1988) (ISBN 978-9516821675) ("Norilsk, the northernmost city in the world of over 100000 population")
  8. 1 2 "5. Численность населения России, федеральных округов, субъектов Российской Федерации, районов, городских населенных пунктов, сельских населенных пунктов – районных центров и сельских населенных пунктов с населением 3 тысячи человек и более" (PDF). Perepis-2010.ru. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
  9. ↑ "Land Farthest North Is Kaffeklubben Island". The New York Times. June 15, 1969. Retrieved March 17, 2010. ("Cartographers in north Greenland have found that Kaffeklubben Island is farther north than any previously known point of land.")
  10. ↑ Lopes, Rosaly. The Volcano Adventure Guide p.14 (Cambridge University Press 2005) (ISBN 978-0521554534)
  11. ↑ Harrison, Craig S. Seabirds of Hawaii: Natural History and Conservation p.18 (Cornell University Press 1990) (ISBN 978-0801497223)
  12. ↑ http://frenchtribune.com/teneur/1319281-ice-melt-north-pole-forms-lake
  13. ↑ http://psc.apl.washington.edu/northpole/WebCams.html
  14. ↑ 1961-1990 temperatures
  15. ↑ Rost Ii, Norway (Including Jan Mayen and Svalbard)
  16. ↑ Distribution of coral reefs
  17. ↑ Flaggermus I Nord-Norge
  18. ↑ Kurt Gron (April 26, 2007). "Japanese macaque Macaca fuscata". Primate Info Net. University of Wisconsin. Retrieved 15 September 2009.
  19. ↑ "Viviparous lizard videos, photos and facts - Zootoca vivipara". ARKive. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
  20. ↑ State Nature Biosphere Reserve "Taymyrsky"
  21. ↑ 22/01/2003 - Hyères-les-(ex)-Palmiers ?
  22. ↑ arcticthule.com
  23. ↑ Salicaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
  24. ↑ Поспелова Е. Б., Поспелов И. Н. (October 30, 2010). "Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr. — Лиственница Гмелина". Флора Таймыра (Информационно-справочная система). Archived from the original on 2012-11-19. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
  25. ↑ Ash
  26. ↑ BØK TIL GULV , MØBEL OG FINÉR
  27. ↑ Elm
  28. ↑ Holly
  29. ↑ Hazel
  30. ↑ Lime
  31. ↑ Oak
  32. ↑ Dark Season Blues
  33. ↑ Tromsø Symfoniorkester
  34. ↑ Alta Soul & Blues Festival
  35. ↑ Svalbard Museum
  36. ↑ Ski Tromsø - Ski Resort and Snow Summary
  37. ↑ Sarves Alta alpinsenter
  38. ↑ Arctic Golfing
  39. ↑ "Thunder on the Tundra" Lew Friedman
  40. ↑ Archived September 16, 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  41. ↑ "ESPN.com - E-Ticket: The Real Frozen Tundra". Sports.espn.go.com. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
  42. ↑ "5 Pin Bowling at CFB Alert". 2009-04-05. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
  43. ↑
  44. ↑ https://books.google.ru/books?id=qORECQAAQBAJ&pg=PT435
  45. ↑ Synagogues at extreme latitudes
  46. ↑ World's Northern Most Mosque
  47. ↑ Alnor Senter Webpage
  48. ↑ Всевышний да услышит. Картинки из мечети
  49. ↑
  50. ↑
  51. ↑
  52. ↑
  53. ↑
  54. ↑
  55. 1 2 "Norwegian outpost mix of books, booze". Reading Eagle. March 9, 1999. Retrieved March 16, 2010. (regarding Tromsø, "this small Norwegian city has the most northerly university in the world, the most northerly cathedral and the most northerly botanical gardens.")
  56. ↑ Welcome to the University of Tromsø!
  57. ↑ UNIS website
  58. ↑ "Learning in the freezer". 2007-08-26.
  59. ↑ "Gazprom extends Arctic railway". 2011-11-04. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
  60. ↑ "Mellunkylän alueellinen kehittämissuunnitelma" (PDF) (in Finnish). City of Helsinki. 15 February 2010. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
  61. ↑ Raunio, Helena (12 October 2006). "Haaparanta–Tornion kaksoiskaupunki valmistuu". Tekniikka & Talous (in Finnish). Talentum Oyj. Retrieved 3 February 2009.
  62. ↑ Canada Flight Supplement. Effective 0901Z 24 July 2014 to 0901Z 18 September 2014
  63. ↑ Svalbard Images Longyearbyen Airport
  64. ↑ Merzagora, Eugenio A. (ed.). "Road Viaducts & Bridges in Norway (499-200 m)". Norske bruer og viadukter. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  65. ↑ "Queuing up for world's northernmost Big Mac". 2013-07-02. Retrieved 2013-07-02.
  66. ↑ "Find a Subway restaurant". 2016-01-17.
  67. ↑ "Northernmost Burger King in the world". 2011-06-11.
  68. ↑ Tromsø botaniske hage
  69. ↑
  70. ↑ Connolly, Kate (April 4, 2006). "Finns give nuclear plant a positive reaction". London: Telegraph. Retrieved April 26, 2011. In another energy-efficient move, the warm outlet water is circulated through a garden where water melons and Lithuanian grapes are grown and from which Olkiluoto wine is produced.
  71. ↑ "First Welsh olive grove planted on Anglesey". Retrieved 2011-12-11.
  72. ↑ Brewery Immiaq
  73. ↑ Consulate General of Russia in Barentsburg, Norway
  74. ↑ Russian Embassy in Norway website
  75. ↑ Vardø - Finnmark County Millennium Capital
  76. ↑ Archived December 25, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  77. ↑ North Pole Environmental Observatory
  78. ↑ NOAA Arctic Theme page
  79. ↑ Wessel, Ben (August 26, 2008). "Svalbard, Norway". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 1, 2010. Longyearbyen is the world's northernmost town and boasts many other superlatives, such as the world's northernmost ATM...
  80. ↑ http://www.regtien.info/pages/NorthernMostGrandPiano.html
  81. ↑ Gray, William (March 14, 2001). "Svalbard: To the back of beyond". London: Telegraph. Retrieved August 3, 2010. Nearby, at the polar research community of Ny-Alesund... cruise ship passengers scuttling ashore to mail cards from the world's most northerly post office.
  82. ↑ "Wreck of the HMS Breadalbane National Historic Site of Canada". Canada's Historic Places. Parks Canada. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
  83. ↑ "Archives & Special Collections". Ryerson.ca. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
  84. ↑ "Splash!". Retrieved 2 March 2013.
  85. ↑
  86. ↑
  87. ↑
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Wednesday, February 03, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.