Zhili

Former province of the Republic of China 直隸省 Chihli Province (1912-1928)

Capital	Beiping, Baoding

Zhili province in 1820.

A 17th-century European map uses the names Peking (Beijing) and Nangking (Nanjing) to refer to the North and South Zhili

A 17th-century European map

A map from 1861, which shows Chihli (Zhili). The former Jiangnan province by this time had already been divided between Jiangsu (Kiangsu) and Anhui (Nganhwui)

Zhili (Chihli; traditional Chinese: 直隸; simplified Chinese: 直隶; pinyin: Zhílì; Wade–Giles: Chih²-li⁴) was a northern province in China from the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) until the province was dissolved in 1928 during the Republic of China era.

History

The name Zhili means "directly ruled" and indicates regions directly ruled by the imperial government of China. Zhili province was first constituted during the Ming Dynasty when the capital of China was located at Nanjing along the Yangtze River. In 1403, the Ming Yongle Emperor relocated the capital to Beiping, which was subsequently renamed Beijing (literally, "Northern capital").^[1] The region known as Northern Zhili (Bei Zhili) was composed of parts of the modern provinces of Hebei, Henan, Shandong, and the administrative districts of Beijing and Tianjin. Conversely there was a region located around the "reserve capital" Nanjing known as Southern Zhili (Nan Zhili) that included parts of what are today the provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui, and the administrative district of Shanghai.

During the Qing Dynasty Nanjing lost its status of the "second capital", and Southern Zhili was reconstituted as a regular province, Jiangnan, while Northern Zhili was renamed Zhili Province. In the 18th century the borders of Zhili province were redrawn and spread over what is today Beijing, Tianjin and the provinces of Hebei, Western Liaoning, Northern Henan, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In 1928 the government of the Republic of China assigned portions of northern Zhili province to its neighbors in the north and renamed the remainder Hebei Province.

References

↑ Susan Naquin, Peking: Temples and City Life, 1400-1900, p xxxiii

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel topic for Zhili.

(English) (Chinese) Complete Map of the Seven Coastal Provinces from 1821-1850

Defunct Chinese provinces and provincial regions

Yuan dynasty

Huguang Henanjiangbei Jiangzhe Liaoyang Lingbei Zhongshu Sheng* Xuanzheng Yuan* Jiaozhi Jinghuzhancheng Zhengmian Zhengdong

Special administrative areas	Central Secretariat* Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs*

Ming dynasty

Huguang Jiaozhi**

Special administrative areas	Beizhili* Nanzhili*

ROC (1912–49)

Andong Qahar Hejiang Hexi Liaobei Nenjiang Rehe Songjiang Suiyuan Xikang Xing'an Zhili

Special administrative regions	Chuanbian Dongsheng Hainan Qahar Rehe Suiyuan Weihai

Areas	Mongolia Tibet

Provincal fu	Nanjingfu Shuntianfu

Special administrative municipalities	Jingdu Jingu Hankou Songhu

Yuan administrative municipalities	Beijing Chongqing Dalian Guangzhou Hankou Harbin Nanjing Qingdao Shanghai Shenyang Tianjin Xi'an

PRC

Liaodong Liaoxi Mudanjiang Pingyuan Qahar Rehe Songjiang Suiyuan Xikang

Greater administrative areas	Huabei Dongbei Huadong Zhongnan Xibei Xinan

Municipalities	Anshan Benxi Changchun Dalian → Lüda Fushun Harbin Guangzhou Nanjing Shenyang Hankou → Wuhan Xi'an

Administrative territories	Chuanbei Chuandong Chuannan Chuanxi Subei Sunan Wanbei Wannan Lüda

Territories	Qamdo

* - Ministries administrative provinces or regions; ** - Special provinces

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