Nicastrin

Nicastrin
The gamma secretase complex, with nicastrin (red), presenilin-1 (orange), PEN-2 (blue), and APH-1 (green); lumenal membrane shown in red and cytoplasmic membrane shown in blue
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
Identifiers
Symbols NCSTN ; ATAG1874
External IDs OMIM: 605254 MGI: 1891700 HomoloGene: 41029 ChEMBL: 3418 GeneCards: NCSTN Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 23385 59287
Ensembl ENSG00000162736 ENSMUSG00000003458
UniProt Q92542 P57716
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001290184 NM_021607
RefSeq (protein) NP_001277113 NP_067620
Location (UCSC) Chr 1:
160.34 – 160.36 Mb		 Chr 1:
172.07 – 172.08 Mb
PubMed search

Nicastrin, also known as NCSTN, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCSTN gene.[1][2][3]

Function

Nicastrin (abbreviated NCT) is a protein that is part of the gamma secretase protein complex, which is one of the proteases involved in processing amyloid precursor protein (APP) to the short Alzheimer's disease-associated peptide amyloid beta. The other proteins in the complex are PSEN1 (presenilin-1), which is the catalytically active component of the complex, APH-1 (anterior pharynx-defective 1), and PEN-2 (presenilin enhancer 2).[4] Nicastrin itself is not catalytically active, but instead promotes the maturation and proper trafficking of the other proteins in the complex, all of which undergo significant post-translational modification before becoming active in the cell.[5] Nicastrin has also been identified as a regulator of neprilysin, an enzyme involved in the degradation of amyloid beta fragment.[6]

History

The protein was named after the Italian village Nicastro, reflecting the fact that Alzheimer's disease was described in 1963 after studying descendants of an extended family originating in the village of Nicastro that had Familial Alzheimer's Disease (FAD).[7]

Interactions

Nicastrin has been shown to interact with PSEN1[8][9][10][11][12] and PSEN2.[8][12]

References

  1. ↑ "Entrez Gene: NCSTN nicastrin".
  2. ↑ Nagase T, Seki N, Ishikawa K, Ohira M, Kawarabayasi Y, Ohara O, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Miyajima N, Nomura N (Oct 1996). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. VI. The coding sequences of 80 new genes (KIAA0201-KIAA0280) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from cell line KG-1 and brain". DNA Research 3 (5): 321–9, 341–54. doi:10.1093/dnares/3.5.321. PMID 9039502.
  3. ↑ Yu G, Nishimura M, Arawaka S, Levitan D, Zhang L, Tandon A, Song YQ, Rogaeva E, Chen F, Kawarai T, Supala A, Levesque L, Yu H, Yang DS, Holmes E, Milman P, Liang Y, Zhang DM, Xu DH, Sato C, Rogaev E, Smith M, Janus C, Zhang Y, Aebersold R, Farrer LS, Sorbi S, Bruni A, Fraser P, St George-Hyslop P (Sep 2000). "Nicastrin modulates presenilin-mediated notch/glp-1 signal transduction and betaAPP processing". Nature 407 (6800): 48–54. doi:10.1038/35024009. PMID 10993067.
  4. ↑ Kaether C, Haass C, Steiner H (2006). "Assembly, trafficking and function of gamma-secretase". Neuro-Degenerative Diseases 3 (4-5): 275–83. doi:10.1159/000095267. PMID 17047368.
  5. ↑ Zhang YW, Luo WJ, Wang H, Lin P, Vetrivel KS, Liao F, Li F, Wong PC, Farquhar MG, Thinakaran G, Xu H (Apr 2005). "Nicastrin is critical for stability and trafficking but not association of other presenilin/gamma-secretase components". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 280 (17): 17020–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M409467200. PMC 1201533. PMID 15711015.
  6. ↑ Pardossi-Piquard R, Dunys J, Yu G, St George-Hyslop P, Alves da Costa C, Checler F (May 2006). "Neprilysin activity and expression are controlled by nicastrin". Journal of Neurochemistry 97 (4): 1052–6. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03822.x. PMID 16606360.
  7. ↑ Feldman RG, Chandler KA, Levy LL, Glaser GH (Oct 1963). "FAMILIAL ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE". Neurology 13: 811–24. doi:10.1212/wnl.13.10.811. PMID 14066996.
  8. 1 2 Yu G, Nishimura M, Arawaka S, Levitan D, Zhang L, Tandon A, Song YQ, Rogaeva E, Chen F, Kawarai T, Supala A, Levesque L, Yu H, Yang DS, Holmes E, Milman P, Liang Y, Zhang DM, Xu DH, Sato C, Rogaev E, Smith M, Janus C, Zhang Y, Aebersold R, Farrer LS, Sorbi S, Bruni A, Fraser P, St George-Hyslop P (Sep 2000). "Nicastrin modulates presenilin-mediated notch/glp-1 signal transduction and betaAPP processing". Nature 407 (6800): 48–54. doi:10.1038/35024009. PMID 10993067.
  9. ↑ Haffner C, Frauli M, Topp S, Irmler M, Hofmann K, Regula JT, Bally-Cuif L, Haass C (Aug 2004). "Nicalin and its binding partner Nomo are novel Nodal signaling antagonists". The EMBO Journal 23 (15): 3041–50. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600307. PMC 514924. PMID 15257293.
  10. ↑ Baulac S, LaVoie MJ, Kimberly WT, Strahle J, Wolfe MS, Selkoe DJ, Xia W (Nov 2003). "Functional gamma-secretase complex assembly in Golgi/trans-Golgi network: interactions among presenilin, nicastrin, Aph1, Pen-2, and gamma-secretase substrates". Neurobiology of Disease 14 (2): 194–204. doi:10.1016/S0969-9961(03)00123-2. PMID 14572442.
  11. ↑ Gu Y, Chen F, Sanjo N, Kawarai T, Hasegawa H, Duthie M, Li W, Ruan X, Luthra A, Mount HT, Tandon A, Fraser PE, St George-Hyslop P (Feb 2003). "APH-1 interacts with mature and immature forms of presenilins and nicastrin and may play a role in maturation of presenilin.nicastrin complexes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 (9): 7374–80. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209499200. PMID 12471034.
  12. 1 2 Lee SF, Shah S, Li H, Yu C, Han W, Yu G (Nov 2002). "Mammalian APH-1 interacts with presenilin and nicastrin and is required for intramembrane proteolysis of amyloid-beta precursor protein and Notch". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 (47): 45013–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208164200. PMID 12297508.

External links

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