Newbery Medal

Newbery Medal
Awarded for	"The most distinguished contribution to American literature for children"
Country	United States
Presented by	Association for Library Service to Children, a division of the American Library Association
First awarded	1922
Official website	ala.org/alsc/newbery

The John Newbery Medal is a literary award given by the Association for Library Service to Children, a division of the American Library Association (ALA). The award is given to the author of "the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children."^[1] Named for John Newbery, an 18th-century English publisher of juvenile books, the Newbery was proposed by Frederic G. Melcher in 1921, making it the first children's book award in the world.^[2]:1 The medal was designed by Rene Paul Chambellan and depicts an author giving his work (a book) to a boy and a girl to read.

The Newbery and the Caldecott Medal are considered the two most prestigious awards for children's literature in the United States. Many bookstores and libraries have Newbery sections; popular television shows interview the winners; textbooks include lists of Newbery winners, and many master's and doctoral theses are written about them.^[3]

Beside the Newbery Medal, the committee awards a variable number of citations to worthy runners-up, called Newbery Honors or Newbery Honor Books. Runners-up had been identified annually from the start, with a few exceptions only during the 1920s; all those runners-up were named Newbery Honor Books retroactively, when the "Honor" was introduced 1971, and may display the Newbery Honor Seal.^[4] As few as zero and as many as eight have been named, but from 1938 the number of Honors or runners-up has been one to five. The Honor Books must be a subset of the runners-up on the final ballot, either the leading runners-up on that ballot or the leaders on one further ballot that excludes the winner.^[5]:37

Every book considered must be written by a US citizen or resident and must be published first or simultaneously in the US in English during the preceding year.^[6]

History

The Newbery Medal was established June 22, 1921, at the annual conference of the American Library Association. Proposed by Publishers Weekly editor Frederick Melcher, the idea was enthusiastically received by the children's librarians present. The award was administered by the ALA from the start, but Melcher provided much needed funds that paid for the design and production of the medal. The Newbery Medal was inaugurated in 1922, considering books published in 1921.^[2]:9–11 In retrospect it is officially dated 1922 and that convention is followed here.

According to The Newbery and Caldecott Awards—the official guide, updated annually—Melcher and the ALA Board agreed to establish the award for several reasons that related to children's librarians. They wanted to encourage quality, creative children's books and to demonstrate to the public that children's books deserve recognition and praise.^[2]:1 In 1932 the committee felt it was important to encourage new writers in the field, so a rule was made that an author would win a second Newbery only if the vote was unanimous. The rule was in place until 1958 and Joseph Krumgold became the first winner of two Newberys in 1960. Another change, in 1963, made it clear that joint authors of a book were eligible for the award (but co-authors have not yet won it). Several more revisions and clarifications were added in the 1970s and 1980s.^[2]:2–3

Selection process

As Barbara Elleman explained in The Newbery and Caldecott Awards, the original Newbery was based on votes by a selected jury of Children's Librarian Section officers. Books were first nominated by any librarian, then the jury voted for one favorite. Hendrik van Loon's non-fiction history book The Story of Mankind won with 163 votes out of 212.^[2]:11 In 1924 the process was changed, and instead of using popular vote it was decided that a special award committee would be formed to select the winner. (see Newberry winner) The award committee was made up of the Children's Librarian Section executive board, their book evaluation committee and three members at large. In 1929 it was changed again to the four officers, the chairs of the standing committees and the ex president. Nominations were still taken from members at large.^[2]:13

In 1937 the American Library Association added the Caldecott Award, for "the artist of the most distinguished American picture book for children published in the United States".^[7] That year an award committee selected the medal and honor books for both awards.^[5]:7 In 1978 the rules were changed and two committees were formed of fifteen people each, one for each award. A new committee is formed every year,with "eight elected, six appointed, and one appointed Chair".^[2]:7 Committee members are chosen to represent a wide variety of libraries, teachers and book reviewers. They read the books on their own time, then meet twice a year for closed discussions. Any book that qualifies is eligible, it does not have to have been nominated. Newbery winners are announced at the Midwinter Meeting of the American Library Association, held in January or February. The results of the committee vote is kept secret, and winners are notified by phone shortly before the award is announced.^[2]:8

Controversy

In October 2008, Anita Silvey, a children's literary expert, published an article in the School Library Journal criticizing the committee for choosing books that are too difficult for children.^[3][8] Lucy Calkins, the Reading and Writing Project at Columbia University's Teachers College, agreed with Silvey: "I can't help but believe that thousands, even millions, more children would grow up reading if the Newbery committee aimed to spotlight books that are deep and beautiful and irresistible to kids".^[3] But Pat Scales said, "The criterion has never been popularity. It is about literary quality. How many adults have read all the Pulitzer-prize-winning books and . . . liked every one?"^[3]

John Beach, associate professor of literacy education at St. John's University in New York, compared the books that adults choose for children with the books that children choose for themselves and found that in the past 30 years there is only a 5% overlap between the Children's Choice Awards (International Reading Association) and the Notable Children's Books list (American Library Association).^[3] He has also stated that "the Newbery has probably done far more to turn kids off to reading than any other book award in children's publishing."^[3]

Erica Perl responded that "For starters, the real reasons kids don't read doesn't have anything to do with the Newbery medal—or any award. It has to do with the declining role of the book in our streaming-media culture and with socioeconomic realities."^[9]

Recipients

Multiple awards

Robert Lawson alone has won both a Newbery Medal and a Caldecott Medal. Sharon Creech and Neil Gaiman have won both a Newbery Medal and a Carnegie Medal, the equivalent British award. Scott O'Dell and Jean Craighead George have won both a Newbery Medal and a Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis, the equivalent German award.

Newbery Medals

Six authors have won two Newbery Medals.

• Kate DiCamillo, 2004, 2014
• E.L. Konigsburg, 1968, 1997
• Joseph Krumgold, 1954, 1960
• Lois Lowry, 1990, 1994
• Katherine Paterson, 1978, 1981
• Elizabeth George Speare, 1959, 1962

Medal and Honor

Many authors have won both the Newbery Medal and the Honor.

Multiple Honor Books

Five Honors

• Laura Ingalls Wilder, 1938 to 1944

Four Honors

• Meindert DeJong, 1954 to 1957
• Jeanette Eaton, 1930 to 1951
• Genevieve Foster, 1942 to 1953
• Jacqueline Woodson, 2006 to 2015

Three Honors

Two Honors

See also

• Carnegie Medal for a children's or young-adult book published in the U.K.
• Michael L. Printz Award for a young-adult book published in the U.S.
• Caldecott Medal for illustration of an American children's picture book
• Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal for lifetime contribution to American children's literature

References

External links

• Online editions of Newbery Honor Books and Medal Winners by Women, 1922–1964
• The Newbery Video (Part 2), written by Mona Kerby and funded by the International Reading Association highlights favorite Newbery Award books and authors.
• Choices Booklists: Children’s Choices
• Interview with Newbery Judge, on Beyond the Margins
• Newbery Medal Winners and Honor Books (including cover art) at smallfrybooks
• Lindsay, Nina. "More on the Newbery nomination process". Heavy Medal: A Mock Newbery Blog. School Library Journal. Retrieved 30 July 2012.