Hypertensive nephropathy

Hypertensive nephropathy
Micrograph showing renal arterial hyalinosis - pink ring right-of-centre. PAS stain.
Classification and external resources
Specialty	cardiology
ICD-10	I12
ICD-9-CM	403

Hypertensive nephropathy (or "hypertensive nephrosclerosis", or "Hypertensive kidney disease") is a medical condition referring to damage to the kidney due to chronic high blood pressure. It should be distinguished from "renovascular hypertension" (I15.0), which is a form of secondary hypertension.^[1]^[2]

In the kidneys, as a result of benign arterial hypertension, hyaline (pink, amorphous, homogeneous material) accumulates in the wall of small arteries and arterioles, producing the thickening of their walls and the narrowing of the lumina — arteriolosclerosis. Consequent ischemia will produce tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, glomerular alterations (smaller glomeruli with different degrees of hyalinization - from mild to sclerosis of glomeruli) and periglomerular fibrosis. In advanced stages, kidney failure will occur. Functional nephrons have dilated tubules, often with hyaline casts in the lumens. Additional complications often associated with hypertensive nephropathy include glomerular damage resulting in protein and blood in the urine.

References

↑ Nephrosclerosis. Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Health & Disease Information
↑ Robert B Toto: Nephrology Forum - Hypertensive nephrosclerosis in African Americans. In: Kidney International, 2003, 64, S. 2331–2341, doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00333.x

External links

Photo at Atlas of Pathology
Tylicki L, Rutkowski B (2003). "[Hypertensive nephropathy: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment]". Pol. Merkur. Lekarski (in Polish) 14 (80): 168–73. PMID 12728683.
Luft FC (October 2000). "Hypertensive nephrosclerosis-a cause of end-stage renal disease?". Nephrol Dial Transplant. 15 (10): 1515–7. doi:10.1093/ndt/15.10.1515. PMID 11007815.

Arteries, arterioles
and capillaries

Inflammation

Arterial occlusive disease /
peripheral artery disease

Arteriosclerosis	Atherosclerosis Foam cell Fatty streak Atheroma Intermittent claudication Critical limb ischemia Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis Arteriolosclerosis Hyaline Hyperplastic Cholesterol LDL Oxycholesterol Trans fat

Stenosis	Carotid artery stenosis Renal artery stenosis

Other	Aortoiliac occlusive disease Degos disease Erythromelalgia Fibromuscular dysplasia Raynaud's phenomenon

Aneurysm / dissection /
pseudoaneurysm

Vascular malformation

Vascular nevus

Veins

Inflammation	Phlebitis

Venous thrombosis / Thrombophlebitis	primarily lower limb Deep vein thrombosis abdomen Hepatic veno-occlusive disease Budd–Chiari syndrome May–Thurner syndrome Portal vein thrombosis Renal vein thrombosis upper limb / torso Mondor's disease Paget–Schroetter disease head Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Post-thrombotic syndrome

Varicose veins	Gastric varices Portacaval anastomosis Caput medusae Esophageal varices Hemorrhoid Varicocele

Other	Chronic venous insufficiency Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency Superior vena cava syndrome Inferior vena cava syndrome Venous ulcer

Arteries or veins

Blood pressure

Hypertension	Hypertensive heart disease Hypertensive emergency Hypertensive nephropathy Essential hypertension Secondary hypertension Renovascular hypertension Benign hypertension Pulmonary hypertension Systolic hypertension White coat hypertension

Hypotension	Orthostatic hypotension

Diseases of the urinary system (N00–N39, 580–599)

Kidney disease

Glomerules

Primarily
nephrotic

Non-proliferative	Minimal change Focal segmental Membranous

Proliferative	Mesangial proliferative Endocapillary proliferative Membranoproliferative/mesangiocapillary

By condition	Diabetic Amyloidosis

Primarily
nephritic,
RPG

Type I RPG/Type II hypersensitivity	Goodpasture's syndrome

Type II RPG/Type III hypersensitivity	Post-streptococcal Lupus DPGN IgA/Berger's

Type III RPG/Pauci-immune	Granulomatosis with polyangiitis Microscopic polyangiitis Churg–Strauss syndrome

General

Tubules

Interstitium

Interstitial nephritis
- Pyelonephritis
- Danubian endemic familial nephropathy

General

General syndromes	Nephritis Nephrosis) Renal failure Acute renal failure Chronic kidney disease Uremic pericarditis Uremia Diabetes insipidus Nephrogenic Renal papilla Renal papillary necrosis Major calyx/pelvis Hydronephrosis Pyonephrosis Reflux nephropathy

Vascular	Renal artery stenosis Renal ischemia Hypertensive nephropathy Renovascular hypertension Renal cortical necrosis

Other	Analgesic nephropathy Renal osteodystrophy Nephroptosis Abderhalden–Kaufmann–Lignac syndrome

Urinary tract

Ureter	Ureteritis Ureterocele Megaureter

Bladder	Cystitis Interstitial cystitis Hunner's ulcer Trigonitis Hemorrhagic cystitis Neurogenic bladder dysfunction Bladder sphincter dyssynergia Vesicointestinal fistula Vesicoureteral reflux

Urethra	Urethritis Non-gonococcal urethritis Urethral syndrome Urethral stricture/Meatal stenosis Urethral caruncle

Any/all	Obstructive uropathy Urinary tract infection Retroperitoneal fibrosis Urolithiasis Bladder stone Kidney stone Renal colic Malakoplakia Urinary incontinence Stress Urge Overflow

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Hypertensive nephropathy

See also

References

External links