Nepenthes smilesii
| Nepenthes smilesii | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nepenthes smilesii growing in Kampot Province, Cambodia, at an elevation of 16 m | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Core eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Nepenthaceae |
| Genus: | Nepenthes |
| Species: | N. smilesii |
| Binomial name | |
| Nepenthes smilesii Hemsl. (1895) | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Nepenthes smilesii (/nᵻˈpɛnθiːz ˈsmaɪlzi.aɪ/ or /smaɪˈliːzi.aɪ/) is a tropical pitcher plant native to northeastern Thailand, southern Laos, Cambodia,[2][3] and western Vietnam.[4][5] Nepenthes smilesii can tolerate an extended dry season and is most common in open, sandy savannah and grassland.[5]
The specific epithet smilesii refers to plant collector Frederick Henry Smiles, who made the first known collection of this species.[4]
Botanical history
Nepenthes anamensis[note a] is a heterotypic synonym of N. smilesii.[4][5] Its conservation status appears as Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List.[6]
Nepenthes smilesii was referred to as N. anamensis throughout most of the 20th century.[4] Further confusion resulted from the erroneous labelling of N. smilesii plants as N. thorelii in the horticultural trade.[4] In Pitcher Plants of the Old World, Stewart McPherson lists N. mirabilis f. smilesii and N. mirabilis var. smilesii as synonyms of N. smilesii,[4] but Marcello Catalano considers these to represent normal forms of N. mirabilis.[5]
Description
Nepenthes smilesii is a climbing plant growing to a height of 5 m.[4]
Its leaves are sessile and coriaceous (leathery) in texture. They are very narrowly linear, reaching 40 cm in length while only up to 4 cm wide.[4]
Ecology
Nepenthes smilesii has a widespread distribution throughout Indochina. It has been recorded from Cambodia,[3] northeastern Thailand, southern Laos, and western Vietnam.[4][5] The species occurs across a wide range of altitudes, being recorded from elevations of 16[3]–1500 m above sea level, although it is more typically found at around 800 m.[4]
Nepenthes smilesii is notable among the Indochinese Nepenthes for experiencing extreme lows of temperature.[4]
Individual specimens of a natural hybrid between N. smilesii and N. mirabilis have been recorded from Cambodia.[7]
Related species
Nepenthes smilesii appears most closely allied to N. kongkandana and may be difficult to distinguish from that species. It differs primarily in the shape of its laminae, which are linear to lanceolate with an acute apex, as opposed to obovate with an acuminate apex in the latter.[5] Nepenthes smilesii also differs in having shorter tendrils and a narrower peristome.[4]
Notes
- a.^ Nepenthes anamensis is pronounced /nᵻˈpɛnθiːz ˌænəˈmɛnsɪs/. The specific epithet is derived from Annam, a former territory in central Vietnam.
References
- ↑ Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler. Das Pflanzenreich IV, III, Heft 36: 1–91.
- ↑ Mey, F.S. 2010. Introduction to the pitcher plants (Nepenthes) of Cambodia. PDF Cambodian Journal of Natural History 2010(2): 106–117.
- 1 2 3 Mey, F.S. 2009. N. smilesii in Kampot, Cambodia. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 (Italian) Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague.
- ↑ Clarke, C.M., R. Cantley, J. Nerz, H. Rischer & A. Witsuba 2000. Nepenthes anamensis. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 12 May 2006.
- ↑ Mey, F.S., L.H. Truong, D.V. Dai & A.S. Robinson 2011. Nepenthes thorelii, an emended description and novel ecological data resulting from its rediscovery in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 104–131.
Further reading
- Anuniwat, A., A. Chaveerach, T. Tanee & R. Sudmoon 2009. Development of SCAR markers for species identification of the genus Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 12(22): 1455–1461. doi:10.3923/pjbs.2009.1455.1461
- Beveridge, N.G.P., C. Rauch, P.J.A. Keßler, R.R. van Vugt & P.C. van Welzen 2013. A new way to identify living species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae): more data needed! Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 42(4): 122–128.
- Kahl, T. 2003. Amazing Thailand. PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 32(1): 8–9.
- Kosterin, O.E. 2011. Odonata of the Cambodian coastal regions revisited: beginning of dry season in 2010. PDF International Dragonfly Fund - Report 40: 1–108.
- McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia and Indochina. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- (German) Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l.. PDF Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
- Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924676
- Meimberg, H., S. Thalhammer, A. Brachmann & G. Heubl 2006. Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 478–490. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.023
- Mey, F.S. 2009. Nepenthes bokorensis, a new species of Nepenthaceae from Cambodia. PDF Carniflora Australis 7(1): 6–15.
- Mey, F.S. 2011. Nepenthes smilesii in Tay Ninh Province, southern Vietnam. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, December 11, 2011.
- Mey, F.S. 2014. 'Nepenthes of Indochina', my 2010 ICPS lecture now on Youtube. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, February 3, 2014.
- Mokkamul, P., A. Chaveerach, R. Sudmoon & T. Tanee 2007. Species identification and sex determination of the genus Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). PDF (702 KiB) Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10(4): 561–567. doi:10.3923/pjbs.2007.561.567
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