Nechkinsky National Park

Nechkinsky National Park
Нечкинский
IUCN category II (national park)
Nechkinsky National Park
Location of Park
Location	Udmurt Republic
Nearest city	Izhevsk
Coordinates	56°41′N 53°47′E / 56.683°N 53.783°E / 56.683; 53.783Coordinates: 56°41′N 53°47′E / 56.683°N 53.783°E / 56.683; 53.783
Area	20,753 hectares (51,282 acres; 208 km2; 80 sq mi)
Established	December 1997 (1997-10/16)
Governing body	FGBU "Nechkinsky"
Website	http://www.nechkinsky.ru/

Nechkinsky National Park (Russian: Национальный парк «Нечкинский») is an important biological and cultural reserve of Udmurtia (the Udmurt Republic), situated in the middle valley of the Kama River, its tributary the Siva River, and the coastal part of the Votkinsk reservoir. This places Nechkinsky on the western side of the central Ural Mountains.^[1] The territory is mostly forest and river floodplains, with a number of ancient archaeological sites on the grounds. It is near the city of Izhevsk.

Topography

The park covers a forested valley of the watershed of the Siva River, a tributary of the Kama. The valley is about 110–160 meters deep, and 3–20 km wide. It is asymmetrical, in that the left bank is flat, and the right bank is steep hillside. The Kama River at this point has a wide floodplain, with several fluvial terraces at higher levels.^[2]

Climate and ecoregion

The climate of Nechkinsky is moderate continental (Köppen climate classification Dfb), characterized by four distinct seasons, high variance between winter and summer temperatures, long winters, and short, warm and rainy summers. Average temperatures range from 10 F in January to 66 F in July. Annual precipitation averages 20 inches.^[3]

The ecoregion of Nechkinsky is "Sarmatic Mixed Forests" (WWF ID#436). This ecoregion is a strip of low forests, lakes and wetlands, running from the Baltic Sea east to the Urals. Forest cover is typically mixed conifer and deciduous trees, with large unbroken tracts under pressure from agriculture.^[4]

Kama River, Nechkinsky

Plants

The forest communities are a mixture of taiga, mixed forests and steppe-forests. On the lower levels there are oligotrophic and mesotrophic bogs.^[2] In the gullies and depressions there are Siberian spruce and associated species. On both the left and right banks of the Siva River there are pine forests, with some stands of silver fir and Siberian larch. In the lower levels the forest cover is broadleaf (oak) communities, with secondary cover of birch and aspen.^[5] The park records 712 species of vascular plants, representing 70% of the species found in Udmurtia.^[6] The wetlands of the Siva include the Kemulskoye bog (2 thousand hectares).^[2]

Animals

A census of species in the park in 2002 recorded 50 mammals, 191 birds, 5 reptiles, 8 amphibians, 37 fish. Special studies of were done of mollusks (33 species), spiders (120 species), beetles (600 species), butterflies (500 species) and dragonflies (25 species).^[6] Rare species include the vulnerable Russian desman, a semi-aquatic large mole that looks like a muskrat and is under protection because of historical trapping for its fur.

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  Russian desman; historically trapped for fur and now protected in Nechkinsky. (Vulnerable species)

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  Red-breasted goose. (Endangered species)

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  Sterlet, a type of Eurasian sturgeon. (Vulnerable species)

History

Early settlements sites of ancient hunters and fishers (3rd - 2nd millennium BCE) have been excavated in the park.^[7] The earliest identifiable archaeological sites are the remains of fortified Iron Age settlements from the first millennium BCE, associated with the Ananyino culture. The Ananyino were an early Finno-Ugric languages people.^[8]

Tourism

There are several educational trails developed around ecological themes of a particular habitat or geological type; park employees are available as guides on these trails.^[9] The park has one long developed hiking trail (Tourist route "Dear Ancestors", 25 km) that has four rest areas along the route, two observation decks for views of the reservoir, and passages along old trails used by peasants in former times. There are two access points for bathing in the Kama River. There are also two ski trails and five auto routes (for which written passes must be obtained from the forest administration office.^[10]

See also

• Protected areas of Russia

References

External links

• Zone Map of Nechkinsky National Park

National parks of Russia Alaniya Alkhanay Anyuysky Bashkiriya Beringia Bikin Buzuluksky Bor Chavash Varmane Bor Chikoy Curonian Spit Kalevalsky Kenozersky Khvalynsky Losiny Ostrov Mariy Chodra Meshchyora Meshchyorsky Nechkinsky Nizhnyaya Kama Onezhskoye Pomorye Orlovskoye Polesye Paanajärvi Pleshcheyevo Ozero Pribaikalsky Prielbrusye Pripyshminskiye Bory Russian Arctic Russky Sever Saylyugemsky Samarskaya Luka Sebezhsky Shantar Islands Shorsky Shushensky Bor Smolenskoye Poozerye Smolny Sochi Taganay Tunkinsky Udegeyskaya Legenda Ugra Valdaysky Vodlozersky Yugyd Va Zabaykalsky Zov Tigra Zyuratkul