Nanodisc

A nanodisc is a synthetic model membrane system which assists in the study of membrane proteins. Nanodiscs are useful for membrane biology in the study of membrane proteins because they represent a more native environment than liposomes, detergent micelles or bicelles and allow the study of purified membrane proteins. Nanodiscs consist of a small portion of membrane that has been solubilized by the addition of two molecules of an amphipathic protein, dubbed the membrane scaffold protein (MSP). This protein wraps around the hydrophobic core of the lipids, effectively creating a soluble portion of membrane. When prepared properly, nanodiscs are uniform in size and allow a native local environment to be maintained within a larger in vitro study.^[1][2]

Further reading

Some recent publications and reviews Denisov, I. G.; Sligar, S. G. (2011). "Cytochromes P450 in Nanodiscs". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins & Proteomics 1814: 223. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.05.017. 

Ritchie, T. K.; Grinkova, Y. V.; Bayburt, T. H.; Denisov, I. G.; Zolnerciks, J. K.; Atkins, W. M.; Sligar, S. G. (2009). "Chapter 11 Reconstitution of Membrane Proteins in Phospholipid Bilayer Nanodiscs". Methods in Enzymology Volume 464. Methods in Enzymology 464. pp. 211–231. doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(09)64011-8. ISBN 9780123749697. PMID 19903557. 

Kijac, A.; Shih, A. Y.; Nieuwkoop, A. J.; Schulten, K.; Sligar, S. G.; Rienstra, C. M. (2010). "Lipid−Protein Correlations in Nanoscale Phospholipid Bilayers Determined by Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance". Biochemistry 49 (43): 9190–9198. doi:10.1021/bi1013722. PMC 3136391. PMID 20804175. 

Bayburt, T. H.; Sligar, S. G. (2010). "Membrane protein assembly into Nanodiscs". FEBS Letters 584 (9): 1721–1727. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2009.10.024. PMID 19836392. 

Morrissey, J. H.; Pureza, V.; Davis-Harrison, R. L.; Sligar, S. G.; Rienstra, C. M.; Kijac, A. Z.; Ohkubo, Y. Z.; Tajkhorshid, E. (2009). "Protein-membrane interactions: Blood clotting on nanoscale bilayers". Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 7 (Suppl 1): 169–172. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03390.x. PMC 2839880. PMID 19630793. 

Shih, A. Y.; Sligar, S. G.; Schulten, K. (2009). "Maturation of high-density lipoproteins". Journal of the Royal Society Interface 6 (39): 863–871. doi:10.1098/rsif.2009.0173. PMC 2805102. PMID 19570799. 

Das, A.; Zhao, J.; Schatz, G. C.; Sligar, S. G.; Van Duyne, R. P. (2009). "Screening of Type I and II Drug Binding to Human Cytochrome P450-3A4 in Nanodiscs by Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy". Analytical Chemistry 81 (10): 3754–3759. doi:10.1021/ac802612z. PMID 19364136. 

Shih, A.Y., Freddolino, P.L., Arkhipov, A., Sligar, S.G., and Schulten, K. (2008) Molecular Modeling of the Structural Properties and Formation of High-Density Lipoprotein Particles Current Topics in Membranes 60, 313-342. ISBN 978-0-12-373893-6

Goluch, E. D.; Shaw, A. W.; Sligar, S. G.; Liu, C. (2008). "Microfluidic patterning of nanodisc lipid bilayers and multiplexed analysis of protein interaction". Lab on a Chip 8 (10): 1723–1728. doi:10.1039/b806733c. PMID 18813396. 

Zhao, J.; Das, A.; Zhang, X.; Schatz, G. C.; Sligar, S. G.; Van Duyne, R. P. (2006). "Resonance Surface Plasmon Spectroscopy: Low Molecular Weight Substrate Binding to Cytochrome P450". Journal of the American Chemical Society 128 (34): 11004–11005. doi:10.1021/ja0636082. PMID 16925400. 

Borch, J.; Torta, F.; Sligar, S. G.; Roepstorff, P. (2008). "Nanodiscs for Immobilization of Lipid Bilayers and Membrane Receptors: Kinetic Analysis of Cholera Toxin Binding to a Glycolipid Receptor". Analytical Chemistry 80 (16): 6245–6252. doi:10.1021/ac8000644. PMID 18616345. 

Morrissey, J. H.; Pureza, V.; Davis-Harrison, R. L.; Sligar, S. G.; Ohkubo, Y. Z.; Tajkhorshid, E. (2008). "Blood clotting reactions on nanoscale phospholipid bilayers". Thrombosis Research 122 (Suppl 1): S23–S26. doi:10.1016/S0049-3848(08)70014-8. PMC 2836762. PMID 18691494. 

Marin, V. L.; Bayburt, T. H.; Sligar, S. G.; Mrksich, M. (2007). "Functional Assays of Membrane-Bound Proteins with SAMDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 46 (46): 8796–8798. doi:10.1002/anie.200702694. PMC 2790068. PMID 17943935. 

Kijac, A. Z.; Li, Y.; Sligar, S. G.; Rienstra, C. M. (2007). "Magic-Angle Spinning Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy of Nanodisc-Embedded Human CYP3A4†". Biochemistry 46 (48): 13696–13703. doi:10.1021/bi701411g. PMC 2571072. PMID 17985934. 

Shih, A. Y.; Arkhipov, A.; Freddolino, P. L.; Sligar, S. G.; Schulten, K. (2007). "Assembly of Lipids and Proteins into Lipoprotein Particles". The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 111 (38): 11095–11104. doi:10.1021/jp072320b. PMID 17696388. 

Shih, A. Y.; Freddolino, P. L.; Sligar, S. G.; Schulten, K. (2007). "Disassembly of Nanodiscs with Cholate". Nano Letters 7 (6): 1692–1696. doi:10.1021/nl0706906. PMID 17503871. 

Bayburt, T. H.; Leitz, A. J.; Xie, G.; Oprian, D. D.; Sligar, S. G. (2007). "Transducin Activation by Nanoscale Lipid Bilayers Containing One and Two Rhodopsins". Journal of Biological Chemistry 282 (20): 14875–14881. doi:10.1074/jbc.M701433200. PMID 17395586. 

Nath, A.; Atkins, W. M.; Sligar, S. G. (2007). "Applications of Phospholipid Bilayer Nanodiscs in the Study of Membranes and Membrane Proteins†". Biochemistry 46 (8): 2059–2069. doi:10.1021/bi602371n. PMID 17263563. 

Bayburt, T. H.; Grinkova, Y. V.; Sligar, S. G. (2002). "Self-Assembly of Discoidal Phospholipid Bilayer Nanoparticles with Membrane Scaffold Proteins". Nano Letters 2 (8): 853. doi:10.1021/nl025623k. 

References

External links

• Nandisc Technology from the Stephen Sligar laboratory
• HDL and Nanodiscs an overview of nanodisc technology at UIUC
• Phospholipid Bilayer Nanodiscs A summary from the Atkins lab at the University of Washington
• Purchase the MSP The plasmid for the MSP is available from AddGene