New York, Westchester and Boston Railway

New York, Westchester and Boston Railway

Reporting mark	NYWB
Locale	New York
Dates of operation	1912–1937
Successor	New York City Transit Authority (IRT Dyre Avenue Line)
Track gauge	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Headquarters	Bronx, New York

New York, Westchester & Boston Ry
Legend
IRT Third Avenue Line 133rd Street Yard Willis Avenue Bridge over Harlem River 0.0 Harlem River Terminal Triborough Bridge over East River New York Connecting Railroad towards Pennsylvania Station via Hell Gate Bridge 0.91 Port Morris 1.90 Casanova 2.57 Hunt’s Point 3.19 Westchester Avenue Bronx River Cross Bronx Expressway Harlem River and Port Chester Railroad towards New Rochelle IRT White Plains Road Line 4.37 180th Street Unionport Yard IRT White Plains Road Line 5.50 Morris Park 5.90 Pelham Parkway 6.74 Gun Hill Road 7.65 Baychester Avenue 8.33 Dyre Avenue New York City border 8.63 Kingsbridge Road 9.24 East 6th Street 9.79 East 3rd Street New Haven Line ← New Rochelle • Woodlawn → 10.24 Columbus Avenue 10.66 East Lincoln Avenue 11.63 Chester Heights 13.01 Wykagyl 15.09 Quaker Ridge 15.95 Heathcote 17.51 Ridgeway 18.26 Gedney Way 18.89 Mamaroneck Avenue 19.50 White Plains–Westchester Avenue 10.95 5th Avenue 11.27 Pelhamwood(Storer Avenue) 11.64 Webster Avenue 12.17 North Avenue(New Rochelle) New Haven Line toward New Rochelle 13.02 Pine Brook 14.03 Larchmont 14.78 Larchmont Gardens 15.83 Mamaroneck 16.82 West Street 17.60 Harrison 19.44 Rye 20.90 Port Chester New York Connecticut state line New Haven Line toward New Haven

The New York, Westchester and Boston Railway Company (NYW&B), known to its riders as "the Westchester" and colloquially as the "Boston-Westchester", was an electric commuter railroad in the Bronx and Westchester County, New York from 1912 to 1937. It ran from the southernmost part of the South Bronx, near the Harlem River, to Mount Vernon with branches north to White Plains and east to Port Chester. From 1906, construction and operation was under the control of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad (NH) until its bankruptcy in 1935.

A 4-mile (6.4 km) section survives as the IRT Dyre Avenue Line (5 train) of the New York City Subway.

History

Precursors and origins

Tammany Hall on East 14th Street between Third Avenue and Irving Place

J.P. Morgan

In 1871 the Southern Westchester Railroad was incorporated to run from what was then the southern edge of Westchester County (now the Bronx) at the Harlem River to the Westchester county seat, White Plains, along the same general route as was taken by the NYW&BRwy. By 1875, this enterprise went into foreclosure and was liquidated in 1881. In 1872, the New York, Westchester and Boston Railway Company (NYW&B) was incorporated ^[1] to serve areas north of New York City, with lines running from the Harlem River to Throgs Neck in the Bronx, and Port Chester White Plains in Westchester County. The Panic of 1873 denied this venture the financing for construction. It entered receivership on March 20, 1875, not emerging until 1904.^[2]

Starting in 1874 portions of Westchester County were made part of New York City, a process that was complete by 1898, with the Bronx in its current configuration. This put much of the NYW&B franchise under the control of the City of New York — meaning the New York Democratic organization, Tammany Hall. In 1901, while the NYW&B still in receivership, the Harlem River & Port Chester Railroad (HR&PC) was incorporated to build a route from the Harlem River to Port Chester, parallel to the NYW&B route and the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad(NH) main line. Meanwhile, the NYW&B emerged from receivership on January 14, 1904 and began acquiring additional real estate rights for its route. In 1906 bankers Oakleigh Thorne and Marsden J. Perry bought the stock of the NYW&B on behalf of the Millbrook Company, a holding entity. After the Panic of 1907, the assets of the Millbrook Company were transferred over to the NH for $11 million, becoming a part of that company's emerging consolidated monopoly on rail and water transportation in southern New England. A lawsuit between the NY&P and the NYW&B was settled with the NY&P franchise being acquired by the NYW&B in early 1909 and the NY&P being consolidated into the NYW&B the following year. On January 18, 1910, the reorganized entity was consolidated under the control of the NH, but inheriting the business arrangements made while under direct control of financier J.P. Morgan.

Construction

Construction of the railroad began in 1909. The construction standard to which the NYW&B was built was exceptional from 180th Street to White Plains and through Pelham. Construction (excluding the cost of the NYW&B stock) and rolling stock cost more than $1.2 million per mile, an extraordinary amount in 1910. Rails were 90 lb/yd (45 kg/m). Grades were modest, exceeding 1% only to link to the NH line south of 180th Street. Curves were gentle, exceeding 6 degrees for express tracks only at one location in Mount Vernon, which had an 8-degree curve.

The stations were very attractive cast concrete with marble interiors, and using high platforms for faster passenger loading and unloading. No public roads were crossed at grade, which resulted in the construction of many costly bridges, tunnels, and viaducts. From 180th Street to Columbus Avenue the line was four tracks, then double track to White Plains and Port Chester. Two stations on the White Plains line had four tracks, although express-train operation using the four-track stations did not prove to be warranted by the traffic volume.

The extension from New Rochelle to Port Chester was built to a much more economical standard, as exemplified by wooden platforms and more modest stations. The line was completed as far as Larchmont in 1921, Mamaroneck in 1926, Harrison in 1927, Rye in 1928, and Port Chester in December 1929. An additional station was constructed in White Plains at Ridgeway in 1929 to serve the growing residential area in that neighborhood. Consisting of two side platforms, the wooden construction mimicked the Port Chester extension.

Operation

Passenger service began May 29, 1912. It was thought that commuters would trade a direct ride to GCT for a lower fare but more comfortable ride into the Bronx, where they would transfer to a 5 cent ride on the Third Avenue El into Manhattan.^[3]

"Given a choice between Grand Central and a higher fare or the Bronx terminal and a lower fare, passengers by the thousands were expected to switch to the Westchester," Stan Fischler wrote in his 1976 book Uptown, Downtown: A Trip Through Time on New York's Subways.^[3] But the NYW&B's all-electric coaches and "carpet-smooth track beds" failed to convince a sufficient number of commuters to adopt the train plus Third Avenue El transfer route.^[3]

Franchises required the NYW&B to operate trains at a minimum frequency of two per hour, and it ran up to three times that frequency during rush hours. Trains were from one to six cars in length. Traffic grew from 2.9 million passengers per year in 1913 to 14.1 million in 1928. The completion of the Port Chester branch in 1929 allowed the New Haven to terminate passenger service on its Harlem River branch in 1930. Freight traffic on the line was very limited. The cost savings of not paying the high costs of using GCT were offset by the lower fares that the NYW&B charged. In no year of its operation was it able to cover the interest on its bonds, which had been guaranteed by the NH.

Competition

With the death of J. P. Morgan in 1913 competition between the NH and NYC became less restrained. The NYW&B's White Plains line ran about two miles (3 km) east of the Harlem Division of the NYC. The Harlem Division served the settled towns and villages along the Bronx River. The Harlem Division's commuter trains enjoyed the advantage of running directly into Manhattan. The Port Chester line was on NH rails for more than half of its length and was only two miles west of NH's Harlem River Branch for the balance. Although NH's Harlem Branch trains also terminated at the Harlem River terminal, regular NH commuter trains ran into Grand Central. When NH's bankruptcy led to the separation of ownership of the NYW&B from the New Haven, the NH's trustee was able to terminate the NYW&B's lease of its right of way from New Rochelle to Portchester.

The rise of the automobile denied railroads the revenue benefits from the growth of the suburbs to whose growth they had contributed. Even the rapid transit connections available at Harlem River and East 180th Street were inconvenient compared to the direct service offered by the NYC and the NH to GCT. The great postwar construction boom and explosion of the suburbs came too late to benefit the NYW&B.

Liquidation

The NH had been making up any shortfall in the ability of the NYW&B to meet its debt obligations. Thus, when the NH entered bankruptcy in 1935, the NYW&B did as well. Former New Haven General Manager Clinton L. Bardo was appointed as Trustee to try to turn around the fortunes of the ailing Westchester. But the trustees of the NH bankruptcy and the trustees of the NYW&B bankruptcy were responsible to different groups of creditors. The liquidation brought them into conflict. The NYW&B was forced to cease operating on the Port Chester line to enhance the revenues of the NH from its parallel service. The loss of revenue could not be offset by lower costs. If the NYW&B had been left intact, it would have required the New Haven to pay off a bond issue that was due in 1946. Total liquidation was the only answer. Bardo died of a heart attack in August 1937, before the full effect of his policies could be realized. The NYW&B ceased operations on December 31, 1937.

There were legislative and legal efforts to restore service on the route in the ensuing years. A bill to create the new Bronx-Westchester Railroad Authority to purchase and operate the Westchester for public benefit made it all the way to New York State Governor Herbert H. Lehman's office before he was pressured by New York City Mayor LaGuardia to veto the bill. The only successful effort was the purchase by the City of New York of the track, stations, and right-of-way between 180th Street and Dyre Avenue. After the installation of a third-rail it began operations as a shuttle service. With the construction of connecting trackage at 180th Street, it commenced operations as the current IRT Dyre Avenue Line.

The rails, steel bridges, and electrical distribution system was dismantled to provide steel and copper for the war effort in 1942. The sale of other assets, principally real estate, was complete by 1946, bringing the final end to the corporate entity.

During World War II, the original Stilwell MU cars were acquired for the war effort and shipped to Texas. Their pantographs were removed and the cars were hauled by a steam locomotive to bring workers from the city of Houston to the shipyards in Pasadena to build liberty ships. The train was locally called the "shuttle train" and operated until the end of the war.

Equipment and power

Electric power lines

Signal "bridge" structure

The NYW&B powered its equipment by overhead lines carrying 11,000 volts alternating current at 25 Hz, the same as the New Haven. The New Haven's Cos Cob plant generated the power, which the NYW&B received at New Rochelle.^[4]

The principal rolling stock for the NYW&B was 95 motorized coaches, designed by L. B. Stillwell and built by the Pressed Steel Car Company, with center doors for high-platform use only and end doors that could accommodate low platforms. They were governed to a maximum speed of 57 miles per hour and a maximum acceleration of one mile per hour per second. The 11,000 volt overhead power was stepped down to 250 volts for the operation of the motors. NYW&B had a single 655 hp (488 kW) locomotive for freight and utility use.

Stations and route

Route map

The NYW&B route began at Harlem River station at 132nd Street and Willis Avenue. An elevated shuttle and later a covered walkway linked it to the 129th Street (IRT Third Avenue Line) station of the Second and Third Avenue elevated trains of the New York City Transit System and later to the IRT subway line. NYW&B's tracks ran parallel to the NH's tracks, serving four stations also served by New Haven commuter service, to just south of 180th Street, which was the site of the company's headquarters, shops, and yard, and a major transfer point to the New York City Subway. From 180th Street the railroad ran on its own four-track right of way, serving six stations in the Bronx and three in Mount Vernon before its routes divided at Columbus Avenue.

From there, one line ran north, with one more station in Mount Vernon and stations at Chester Heights in eastern Eastchester, Wykagyl and Quaker Ridge in northern New Rochelle, Heathcote at the border of northern New Rochelle and eastern Scarsdale, Ridgeway, Gedney Way and Mamaroneck Avenue stations in White Plains, and the White Plains terminal on the eastern edge of downtown at Westchester Avenue and Bloomingdale Road.

The other line went east with the Fifth Avenue station in North Pelham, the Pelhamwood station on New Rochelle/ Pelham border, and the Remington, North Avenue and Pine Brook stations in central New Rochelle. The route ran on its own tracks on the NH line from New Rochelle, just east of the NH's New Rochelle station. The line served the same stations as the NH between New Rochelle and Port Chester and the Larchmont Gardens station in Larchmont and the West Street station in Harrison.

Station listing

Proposed extensions

In the initial 1906 plans for the railroad, a branch to Elmsford was planned, diverging from the White Plains branch near the latter's northern end in the vicinity of Mamaroneck Avenue station, striking out in a northwesterly direction through the city of White Plains, crossing over the Harlem Division of the New York Central (NYC) near the latter's White Plains station, and generally paralleling Tarrytown Road to the Elmsford border. However, after the new village of Elmsford (incorporated in 1910 from the Town of Greenburgh) voted against the NYW&B's presence on esthetic grounds, it was dropped from further consideration.

Another NH interests company, the Westchester Northern Railroad (WN), was chartered in 1910 to build a northward extension of the NYW&B from White Plains to Pound Ridge, with one branch to Danbury, Connecticut and one to Brewster, New York. The NYW&B White Plains terminal was built with this extension in mind. The WN was consolidated with the NYW&B on June 8, 1915. Most activity was limited to acquiring real estate for the right of way, on which no significant construction seems to have taken place. The WN project was officially cancelled by 1925 and the property gradually sold off.

The Harlem Board of Commerce proposed a new connection be built to extend the NYW&B from its Harlem River terminal underground through a new tunnel under the Harlem River and 125th Street, connecting to the Eighth Avenue Line of the Independent Subway (IND) then under construction. Nothing ever came of this proposal.

The NYW&B crossed the New Haven at a joint station at Columbus Avenue in Mount Vernon. A ramp to the New Haven would have permitted NYW&B trains to run directly to Grand Central Terminal (GCT): provisions for such a ramp were designed into the overpass, but no track connection was constructed. The NH would have discouraged running trains into GCT, since it paid a rental fee to the NYC for each movement into the terminal.

Remnants

Wyatt Street, Bronx

Abandoned Westchester Avenue station

Hunts Point Avenue station, now serving shops

Quaker Ridge station house

Wykagyl Station

North Avenue, New Rochelle station

Bronx

• The portion of the railway in the Bronx north of the East 180th Street station is now used as the IRT Dyre Avenue Line, carrying 5 trains from East 180th Street to Eastchester – Dyre Avenue.
• The former New York, Westchester and Boston Railroad Administration Building at 180th Street and Morris Park Road in the Bronx houses offices of the New York City Transit Authority.
• There was an abandoned right-of-way from 180th to 177th Streets. The elevated structure (without tracks) went as far south as Lebanon Street. The right of way is now being replaced by apartments. This connected to the New Haven Railroad main line near 174th Street south of the Cross-Bronx Expressway and remained an interchange between the IRT and New Haven Railroad, the last cars delivered via the 180th Street interchange were the Main Line R36s in 1964.
• Between East 141st Street and East 133rd Street, just south of the Bruckner Expressway, in the Port Morris section of the Bronx, the roadbed is well preserved. One track remains, as do the bridges over roadways and the catenary structures for the tracks. South of 133rd Street, a freight stub breaks off from the Northeast Corridor, which is directly above the abandoned roadbed at this point. 40°48′0″N 73°54′47″W / 40.80000°N 73.91306°W / 40.80000; -73.91306
• In West Farms, catenary bridge #1, the first northbound catenary bridge after the NYW&B branches off of the NH, remains.
• An abandoned station entrance parallel to the Whitlock Avenue station currently exists over the Hell Gate Line. This station entrance is the former location of the now demolished Westchester Avenue station.

Larchmont/Town of Mamaroneck

• The former Larchmont Gardens station on New Harmon Drive just off Weaver St. now houses a Girl Scouts facility.^[5][6]

Village of Mamaroneck

• Concrete abutments for overpasses can be seen throughout Mamaroneck. From East to West (or North to South):
  • At Jefferson St. near Station Plaza and Halstead Ave.
  • Over the Mamaroneck River just west of Jefferson St. and east of the Station.
  • At Mamaroneck Ave. There is a staircase cut-out in the side of the wall on the east side.
  • At Fenimore Rd and Hoyt Avenue
• The extended catenary structures used in locations where the NH and NYW&B shared rails still exist in many places, though the catenary tower stub for the outermost track is gone(?). The location of the station houses in Mamaroneck and Harrison show space for the NYW&B right of way.
• The tunnel leading to the NYW&B platforms from behind the Mamaroneck Station is still there. The platforms were located where the current parking lot is.
• The Mamaroneck (Metro-North station) was shared by both the New Haven and NYW&B.

Mount Vernon

• Large concrete bridge abutments remain at Hutchinson Boulevard in northern Willson's Woods Park in Mount Vernon. Lorraine Terrace, a residential street, runs along the former rail line.
• Remains of the Columbus Avenue station in Mount Vernon, including the abutment on the opposite (north) side of the NH line, are still in place.
• The East Third Street Station building in Mount Vernon, east of South Fulton Avenue, remains.^[7] Until about 2010 it was used by a granite supplier.^[8]
• Remains of the Kingsbridge Road station, north of the Bronx/Mount Vernon border, are in place; most of the sealed stationhouse^[9][10] and the elevated line remain intact.

New Rochelle

White Plains Branch

• The Heathcote Bypass runs from Weaver Street to Secor Road for 1.13 miles (1.82 km) on the right of way of the NYW&B, bypassing of a major intersection of three roads at the New Rochelle-Scarsdale border locally called The Five Corners.
• The former Quaker Ridge Station, at Stratton and Kewanee Roads, is now a private residence surrounded by woodlands. The station's former driveway and turn-around remain but are now owned by the city for use as a public street. The house retains the two main platforms.
• A cement wall runs along Stratton Road, just east of the Quaker Ridge station. It reflects the style of the station, most likely built as a buffer from road traffic.
• Some traces remain within the northwestern edge of Ward Acres Park, formerly the Ward family estate. The family used the railroad during its ownership, constructing a short rail siding for the loading and unloading of horses and associated equipment.
• A concrete block outbuilding, commonly referred to as "The Forge", is on the right of way in Ward Acres Park parallel to Broadfield Road. 40°57′27″N 73°47′2″W / 40.95750°N 73.78389°W / 40.95750; -73.78389
• A stone bridge in the southeastern woods of Ward Acres, parallel to Pinebrook Boulevard. The bridge crosses a stream along the right of way between Wykagyl and Quaker Ridge and is in perfect condition.
• The former Wykagyl station is part of a shopping center on the east side of North Avenue near Quaker Ridge Road. The building suffered extensive damage after a three-alarm fire in April 2012.
• Wykagyl's commercial and retail area is entirely on property and track beds along the former NY&WB right of way, running under the Wykagyl Station and continuing eastward along Quaker Ridge Road.

New Rochelle Branch and Port Chester Extension

• The former Remington Station on Webster Avenue in New Rochelle is used by retail stores.
• The right of way west of the Remington Station to the Pelham border remains, paralleled on either side by residential streets (French Ridge and Sickles Avenue). Although obscured by surrounding homes, the large stretch of railroad property can be viewed using satellite mapping sites online (40°54′51″N 73°47′48″W / 40.91417°N 73.79667°W / 40.91417; -73.79667).
• The southbound I-95 exit and entrance ramps at Cedar Street in New Rochelle and the adjacent Memorial Highway access roads were built on the trackbed of the NYW&B's North Avenue station. When the New England Thruway [I-95] was first built (1956-1958), the station's concrete foundation on the east side of North Avenue was removed and a long entrance ramp joined North Avenue at a T intersection at grade. In the 1960s, the western foundation which contained the station house was demolished, and the Memorial Highway roadway and North Avenue overpass were completed to a traffic circle just west of the former station. Prior to the highway construction, the fill west of the North avenue station had been removed to provide space for barracks-style housing for returning World War II veterans.
• A concrete abutment and retaining wall, the western part of a NYW&B overpass, remains as of December, 2012, on Prince Street, approximately midway between Remington Station and North Avenue station.
• One side of an overpass which carried a street over both the New Haven and NYW&B still remains behind a Stop & Shop on Palmer Avenue. It is right next to the former Pine Brook Station. It can be seen from I-95 west of the toll plaza, or off the Petersville Rd bridge.

Pelham

• On Highbrook Ave near the intersection of Harmon is a still extant bridge which carried the NYW&B tracks. The bridge is being preserved by a group named "The Highbrook Highline".^[11][12] It is west of the NYW&B's Remington Station.

Port Chester

• The terminal building in Port Chester once served as a car dealership. It is now a church.

Scarsdale

• The former Heathcote station, on street level at the Five Corners, now houses Real Living Five Corners Real Estate.^[13]
• The Heathcote Bypass runs from Weaver Street to Secor Road for 1.13 miles (1.82 km) on the right of way of the NYW&B, bypassing of a major intersection of three roads at the New Rochelle-Scarsdale border locally called The Five Corners. On May 28, 2012 Real Living Five Corners Real Estate celebrated the 100 Anniversary of the building. The Village of Scarsdale has issued an official Proclamation.

White Plains

• Much of the roadbed three blocks east of and roughly parallel to Old Mamaroneck Road in White Plains south of the former Mamaroneck Avenue station to the city border with Scarsdale is the White Plains Greenway, a pedestrian trail.^[14]

See also

• Railroad electrification in the United States
• IRT Dyre Avenue Line

References

Sources

• Arcara, Roger (1985). Westchester's Forgotten Railway, 1912-1937: The story of a short-lived short line which was at once America's finest railway and its poorest: The New York, Westchester & Boston Railway. I & T Pub..
• Arcara, Roger (1964). When the Westchester was new: A supplement to Westchester's Forgotten Railway Journal and Railway Age Gazette. Consisting of reproductions of seven articles about the New York, Westchester & Boston Railway Company from 1912 issues of Electric Railway. Electric Railroaders' Association.
• Bang, Robert A. (1987). Westchester County's Million-Dollar-a-Mile Railroad. R.A. Bang.
• Bang, Robert A. (2004). The New York, Westchester & Boston Railway, 1906-1946. R.A. Bang.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to New York, Westchester and Boston Railway.

Route map: Bing / Google

• Additional NYWBRwy information from nywbrwy.com
• Franchise History of NYWBRwy facsimile article from NYCSubway.org
• NYPress article on NYW&BRwy
• Existingstations.com has some details on NYW&BRwy stations
• Forgotten New York: New York, Westchester & Boston Railroad: Part 1, Part 2
• Only known video of the New York, Westchester and Boston Railway (from 1937)

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