NPL network

The NPL network was a computer network designed by a team from the National Physics Laboratory (hence NPL) within England. The network was first operational as a pilot sometime during 1969, the first version, Mark I, during 1970, and the Mark II version until 1986. [1][2][3]

History of the network

The network was proposed by Donald Davies, who was later was appointed to head of the NPL Division of Computer Science, as Proposal for the Development of a National Communications Service for On-line Data Processing at NPL during 1965, during 1966 he headed a team which produced a design for the network. The next year (1967) a written version of the proposal entitled NPL Data Network was presented by Roger Scantlebury at a conference at Gatlinburg of the proceedings of the Association for Computing Machinery, which described how equipment (nodes) used to transmit signals (packets) would be connected by electrical links to re-transmit the signals between and to the nodes, and interface computers would be used to link node networks to so-called time-sharing computers and other users. The interface computers would transmit multiplex signals between networks, and nodes would switch transmissions while connected to electrical circuitry functioning at a rate of processing amounting to mega-bits.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

The network used lines running at 768 Kilobytes per second.[1]

Packet switching

Davies is the first to have thought of the term packet switching circa 1965. Packet switching was used to produce an experimental network which utilized Honeywell 516. According to one source, packet switching was invented by Davies, another states this was invented by Paul Baran. According to Zakon, NPL were the earliest organisation to have created of a packet-switching network, via Davies and his team.[2][9][4][10]

Later developments

The NPL network was later joined to other networks, including the ARPAnet, of these networks, the ARPA network specifically was linked sometime during 1973. [2][11]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 K.G. Coffman & A.M. Odlyzco. Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV-B: Systems and Impairments. published by Academic Press 22 May 2002, 1022 pages, Optics and Photonics, ISBN 0080513190, (edited by I. Kaminow & T. Li). Retrieved 2015-08-15.
  2. 1 2 3 4 C. Hempstead, W. Worthington. Encyclopedia of 20th-Century Technology. Routledge 8 Aug 2005, 992 pages, (edited by C. Hempstead, W. Worthington),. Retrieved 2015-08-15.(source: Gatlinburg, ... Association for Computing Machinery)
  3. 1 2 A Hey, G Pápay. The Computing Universe: A Journey through a Revolution. published by Cambridge University Press 8 Dec 2014, 424 pages, ISBN 0521766451. Retrieved 2015-08-16.(source: Roger Scantlebury - p.201)
  4. 1 2 J. Gillies, R. Cailliau. How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web (p.23-24). Oxford University Press 2000, 372 pages, ISBN 0192862073, Oxford paperback reference: Popular Science Series. Retrieved 2015-08-15.(source: head of the NPL Division of Computer Science)
  5. ↑ B. Steil, Council on Foreign Relations. Technological Innovation and Economic Performance. published by Princeton University Press 1 Jan 2002, 476 pages,ISBN 0691090912. Retrieved 2015-08-15.
  6. ↑ Oxford Dictionaries - word definition - relay & word definition - node published by Oxford University Press [Retrieved 2015-08-16]
  7. ↑ J. Everard - VIRTUAL STATES (p.14) published by Routledge 28 Feb 2013 (reprint), 176 pages, ISBN 1134692757 [Retrieved 2015-08-16](source: NPL Data Network)
  8. ↑ F.E. Froehlich, A. Kent. The Froehlich/Kent Encyclopedia of Telecommunications: Volume 1 - Access Charges in the U.S.A. to Basics of Digital Communications (p.344). published by CRC Press 14 Nov 1990, 552 pages, ISBN 0824729005, Volume 1 of Encyclopedia of Telecommunications. Retrieved 2015-08-16.
  9. ↑ T. Vickers. Alan Turing's Automatic Computing Engine: The Master Codebreaker's Struggle to Build the Modern Computer. published by OUP Oxford 14 Apr 2005, 576 pages, (edited by B. J. Copeland), ISBN 0191625868. Retrieved 2015-08-15.
  10. ↑ R.H. Zakon. The Internet Encyclopedia, G – O. published by John Wiley & Sons 2004, 840 pages,(ed. by H. Bidgoli), ISBN 0471689963, Volume 2 of The Internet Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2015-08-16.
  11. ↑ M. Ziewitz & I. Brown. Research Handbook on Governance of the Internet (p. 7). Edward Elgar Publishing 1 Jan 2013, 512 pages, ISBN 1849805040, Elgar Original Reference Series.

External links

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