Myer

This article is about the Australian department store chain. For other uses, see Myer (disambiguation).
Myer
Public (ASX: MYR)
Industry Retail
Founded 1900 in Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
Headquarters Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Number of locations
 67+
Key people
 Sidney Myer (Founder)
Paul McClintock (Chairman)
Richard Umbers (CEO & Managing Director)
Jennifer Hawkins ('face of Myer')
Products Womenswear, Menswear, Miss Shop (Youth), Childrenswear, Intimate Apparel, Beauty, Fragrance and Cosmetics, Homewares, Electrical Goods, Toys, Footwear, Handbags and Accessories and General Merchandise
Revenue
  • Increase A$3.2 billion (2015)
  • Decrease A$133.5 million (2015)
Number of employees
 14,000+
Slogan find wonderful
Website www.myer.com.au
MYER's national flagship store in Melbourne's Bourke Street Mall
Former MYER Emporium, Lonsdale Street facade (1920s-2010)
Myer Lonsdale including Lonsdale House, the company's marketing offices built in 1934. Myers successfully applied to demolish Lonsdale House in 2009 to widen Caledonian Lane for delivery trucks despite the buildings being in a City of Melbourne Heritage Overlay, retaining just the facades of two Victorian buildings.

Myer (stylised MYER), is a mid-to-up market Australian department store chain. Myer retails a broad range of products across women's, men's and children's clothing, footwear and accessories; cosmetics and fragrance; homewares; electrical; furniture and bedding; toys; books and stationery; food and confectionery; and travel goods. Myer's primary department store rival is David Jones.

Australian model, and Miss Universe 2004, Jennifer Hawkins, is the long-serving 'face of Myer'. The department store also engages a number of other personalities as 'fashion ambassadors'.

Myer has long been Australia's largest department store by revenue and store count.

History

Early history

The Myer retail group was started by Sidney Myer, who migrated from Russia to Melbourne in 1899 with very little money and little knowledge of English to join his elder brother, Elcon Myer (1875–1938), who had left Russia two years earlier. They opened the first Myer store in Bendigo, Victoria in 1900. After prospering, the second store opened in 1908.

In 1911, Myer purchased the business of Wright and Neil, Drapers, in Bourke Street, Melbourne, near the General Post Office, and a new building was completed and opened in 1914. From this base in Melbourne, Myer built Australia's largest chain of department stores, and the only chain with stores in all Australian states.

In 1918, the Doveton woollen mills at Ballarat were purchased, and in 1921 a new building fronting Post Office Place was added at Melbourne and in the following years Myer purchased adjoining properties, eventually building a store known as the Myer Emporium.[1] Myer expanded to Lonsdale Street in the 1920s.[2]

The Myer Emporium grew with the purchase of the old established businesses of Robertson & Moffat and Stephens & Sons. In 1925, Myer Emporium Ltd was listed on the Melbourne Stock Exchange and the new building on the Lonsdale Street frontage was begun. In Adelaide, in 1925, the company Myer SA Stores Ltd acquired a controlling interest in Marshall's department store and its shares continued to be listed on the Adelaide Stock Exchange until Myer Emporium Ltd made a successful takeover bid in 1966. A separate building in Queensberry Street, Melbourne, was put up in 1928, and the Collins Street businesses of T. Webb and Sons, china importers, and W. H. Rocke and Company, house furnishers, were bought and transferred to the Bourke-street building. By 1934, the public company had a paid-up capital of nearly £2,500,000. The company was then employing 5300 people with medical and nursing aid for the staff, and rest homes for them at the seaside and in the Dandenong Ranges.

On the death of Sidney Myer in 1934, leadership of the company fell to Elcon Myer, and on the death of Elcon in 1938, leadership went to their nephew Norman Myer. Norman Myer led the company until his death in 1956.[3]

Myer grew by developing its own stores (becoming one of Australia's major property owners and developers in the process) and acquiring other department stores, including Adelaide's Marshall's, Western Australia's Boans in 1984, Queensland's Barry and Roberts and in New South Wales they acquired Western Stores, Farmers & Co in 1961, Mortimer's (Gosford) in 1968 and Grace Brothers in 1983.

Target, Grace Bros and merger with GJ Coles

In 1968, Myer acquired Geelong's Lindsay's stores,[4] renaming the business Target following the purchase of name and logo from US Target Corporation and positioning it as a discount department store chain.[5]

In 1983, Grace Bros. bought Myer NSW, and then in July of that year Myer acquired Grace Bros. Holdings Ltd.[6] The Myer store on Market and Pitt Sts in Sydney became the main Grace Bros. store.

In 1984, Myer acquired Boans Ltd,[7] the dominant Western Australian department store chain and embarked on a major redevelopment of its Perth City Store.

In 1985 the Myer Emporium (and Target, its discount department store) merged with GJ Coles & Coy forming Coles Myer Limited, then Australia's largest retailer.[8] Myer remained a distinct entity within the new corporate structure until it was sold in 2006.

In 2000, Coles Myer CEO Dennis Eck, faced with lower sales and profits from Myer and Grace Bros. stores took the department stores down market, reducing service levels, increasing stock volumes on the selling floor and introducing product to appeal to younger consumers. In doing so, he ended up replicating the approach of another of Coles Myer's chains, Target. The resulting effect included reduced customer visits and reduced units sold per transaction. In 2001, Coles Myer set about to reposition the store to appeal to customers lost in the down market experiment.[9]

In 2003, one of the key changes made by the recently appointed Managing Director, Dawn Robertson, was to classify each Myer Grace Bros. store using a grid system referencing the socio-economic status of the area, its turnover and growth potential. Larger city-centre stores would rank at the top of the grid and smaller regional stores would rank at the bottom of the grid. The grid would affect the merchandise allocated to each store, rather than selling the same range of product in downtown Melbourne as in regional Queensland.[10]

On 13 February 2004, Grace Bros. stores were rebranded as Myer.[11]

Myer Bondi, as seen from Westfield

In April 2004, Myer re-opened its Bondi Junction, New South Wales, store which replaced a former Grace Bros. store closed in April 2002 to make way for the redevelopment of Westfield Bondi Junction. It was the first Myer store to open in several years and incorporated new features such as white glossy floor tiles, extensive use of glass, and greater use of mannequins.

Under managing director Dawn Robertson, Myer began to target the Sydney market more strongly, to challenge the position of chief rival David Jones particularly in ladies fashion. In February 2004, Myer held its Sydney fashion parade the day before David Jones. On 9 August 2004, Myer staged a fashion parade open-air in Martin Place, gaining widespread attention, and again it was held the day before David Jones' show.[12]

Divestment by Coles Myer

On 17 August 2005, Coles announced that within 12 months, it would decide to demerge, divest or retain Myer. Thirteen expressions of interest were made for all or part of Myer.[13]

On 13 March 2006, Coles Myer announced it would sell Myer to a consortium controlled by US private equity group Newbridge Capital, part of the Texas Pacific Group. The consortium also included the Myer family, who held a 5% stake. The new owners, who also secured the freehold on the flagship Bourke Street store, indicated that they would not radically change the business, at least in the short term, and had no plans to redevelop the Bourke Street site as this would impact too heavily on profitability during the construction period. Texas Pacific also have interests in UK department store Debenhams and high-end US retailer Neiman Marcus. This sale was completed for A$1.4 bn on 2 June 2006.[14]

Private Ownership

After being divested from Coles Myer (later Coles Group, then purchased by Wesfarmers), new owners Newbridge Capital and the Myer family appointed chairman Bill Wavish and chief executive Bernie Brookes, both formerly of Woolworths. Rupert Myer joined the board representing the Myer family.

Flyer for the History Making Clearance distributed to customers

Beginning July 2006, Myer held a "History Making Clearance" to clear out excess stock deemed either unprofitable or unpopular, and reduced inventories from $1.5 billion to $750 million, and all store-specific warehouses were closed.[15]

Former Miss Universe Jennifer Hawkins began appearing in campaigns for Myer in 2006 and in January 2007 signed a $4 million deal to be the "face" of Myer for four years.[16]

Myer withdrew from the Coles Group part-owned flybuys rewards program on 1 February 2007.

In March 2007, Myer announced first half earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) of $123 million, an increase of 84% on the previous year. This represents a profit margin of 6.8%, compared with 3.9% in the previous corresponding period. According to chairman Bill Wavish, all Myer stores were now profitable, and all stores were more profitable than in the previous year.[17] Myer acquired four Harris Scarfe stores (including regaining a store it divested to Harris Scarfe in 1998) and took a minority shareholding in Harris Scarfe.

The Mymerch system, developed with IBM and Oracle, cost $99 million and was implemented early April 2007. Among other functions, Mymerch increased Myer's ability to carry out statistical analysis of customer habits giving it greater capacity to forecast sales trends and target promotions.[18]

Myer's profit turnaround was tempered in April 2007 by the loss of key staff. Bob Boutin, apparel director, Mark Bingemann, women's wear business manager and Jasmine Bingemann, footwear and accessories manager all resigned within a short period.[19] This followed reports of management dissatisfaction over the direction of the fashion business signified by the defection of designers such as Alex Perry and Tigerlily to David Jones.[20]

In June 2007, a consortium comprising the Myer family, Colonial First State and GIC Real Estate (Singapore) announced it would be purchasing Myer's Melbourne CBD store. The Bourke Street part of the store was planned to be redeveloped by 2009, with Myer taking a 60-year lease,[21] but the development was not completed until March 2011.[22] The Lonsdale Street part of the store closed in 2009.

In September 2009, following rumours from the previous month,[23] Myer indicated it would float the business at an indicative share price range of $3.90 to $4.90 when it listed on 2 November, giving it a market capitalisation between $2.3 billion and $2.8 billion.[24] The final issue price was $4.10,[25] but by August 2011 the shares had fallen to $2.09.[26]

In September 2015, as part of an outcome from the 2015 strategic review, a $221mn capital raising was announced. The resulting dilution of shareholder value in conjunction with little support for the actions in the strategic plan saw the share price decline to $0.91.

Proposed Merger with David Jones Limited

In January 2014, it was revealed by Fairfax Media that Myer had made a bid to purchase and merge with department store rival David Jones.[27][28] The merger would have kept both chains operating independently on the surface, combining back-office and supply chain operations saving both companies an estimated 5 billion dollars per year. The 3 billion dollar non-binding indicative proposal was made to the David Jones board of directors in late October 2013, however was rejected by the board in November 2013. In February 2014, Myer reapproached David Jones, offering to purchase David Jones at market value (estimated to be 1.7 billion). David Jones had not yet commented on the new proposal, when food and clothing retailer, Woolworths South Africa offered to purchase David Jones, by way of a scheme implementation deed, in which shareholders of David Jones would be offered $4-per-share.[29][30]

In response to the Woolworths deal, Myer withdrew their proposal to David Jones.

Stores and services

"MYER one" rewards program

The MYER one program was introduced in August 2004 after Coles Myer discontinued its shareholder discount card the previous month.

It initially credited 1-point per $1 spent up to $2500 per annum; 1.5 points per $1 spent from $2500 to $5000 per annum; and 2 points per $1 spent for $5000+ per annum. Each 1,250 points accrued would earn the customer a $25 gift card, provided $1,500 was spent each year. With the relaunch of the Myer store card in November 2006, this changed to awards 2 points per $1 spent, regardless of annual spend, with 2,000 points required to receive a $20 gift card. Members who pay with a Myer store card receive an additional point per dollar spent. Customers also earn 1-point for every $1 spent outside of Myer when using the Myer Visa card. MYER one members are sent a quarterly update, in addition to special member offers, including discounts, a free copy of the "Myer Emporium" magazine, product samples and "gift with purchase" offers.

Myer revamped its MYER one program by introducing a graduated rewards system with four levels including Standard, Silver, Gold and Platinum . Each reward level is dependent on customer spend and confers exclusive benefits. The Platinum membership is by invitation only and is for Myer's highest spending customers and was added to the program in May 2013.

In September 2010, Myer stated there were 3.7 million members and five million cards in circulation. Of these, over 20,000 had Gold status, spending over $7,500 per annum. Sales attributed to members accounted for 68% of total Myer sales. Gift cards valued at $51 million had been provided to members as rewards in the previous year.[31] As of 2013, the Myer One program has more than 5 million members.

Myer store card and branded credit cards

Myer originally had a store card managed by Australian Retail Financial Network (ARFN), sold in 1995 to GE Money.[32] This was superseded by a Coles Myer Card which could be used at all Coles Myer stores. This was augmented by the Coles Myer Source MasterCard, also managed by GE Money.

Following its sale, Myer relaunched the Myer card in October 2006 in conjunction with GE Money. According to GE Money, 125,000 accounts had been opened by August 2007.[33]

In November 2007, Myer launched a Visa credit card, also in conjunction with GE Money. Myer stated it was prepared to wear losses from the card for two years and that its objective was to drive increased loyalty from the card (which links with the MYER One card) rather than being profitable in its own right. It expected to sign 100,000 customers to the Visa card by November 2008.[34] Myer reported it had signed 15,000 customers to its Visa card in the first five weeks from launch, half of whom were converts from the existing store card.[35]

In 2007, the Coles Myer Card and Coles Myer Source MasterCard were renamed Coles Group Card and Coles Group Source MasterCard respectively and as such were no longer affiliated with Myer.

The former Myer logo, featuring the "is my store" slogan.

"Find wonderful"

In late 2014, after more than a decade with their "is my store" slogan, Myer dropped their iconic slogan and introduced "find wonderful". The move brought about an overall rebranding of store marketing, involving a large advertising campaign starring Australian actress, Tilda Cobham-Hervey - across cinema, television, online and radio. The campaign was launched to refresh the Myer brand and to reposition the store's focus on younger, more contemporary, consumers.

The former Myer logo following the discontinuation of the "is my store" slogan.

Daniel Bracken, Myer Chief Merchandise and Marketing Officer, states the "...campaign is designed to appeal to our growing contemporary customer segment, as well as emotionally engaging with all our existing customers."; while CEO,

Bernie Brookes, claims "It is a way of showing our customers we understand what they are looking for, and sharing our love of shopping and the great moment of joy that comes from finding just what you want."

The rebrand also focused heavily on the Myer online website, with a refreshed home page, and overall style template for images and print.

The rebrand has also introduced a new logo for the department store, now featuring a thick underline of the traditional Myer font. Media and print for the store now heavily features the colour persimmon.

Store locations

Myer has stores in all six Australian states and the Australian Capital Territory. The store locations are a mixture of main city centre stores, suburban shopping centres, and high street and shopping centres in regional Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, and Tasmania.

The national flagship store is located in the Bourke Street Mall in Melbourne and received a $300 million redevelopment which officially opened in April 2011.[36]

In 2006, Myer announced the opening of several new stores, starting with four former Harris Scarfe stores (two in South Australia and two in Victoria).[15] Further to this, in 2008 in Sydney, Myer opened two new stores in Sydney at Eastgardens, New South Wales and Bankstown, New South Wales replacing the former David Jones Limited stores, while David Jones replaced the Myer store in Burwood, and stated it would open a store in suburban Townsville centre in early 2009. This project was delayed due to problems with the acquisition of land; however, in late October 2012 a Myer store opened in that centre.[37]

In 2007 Chairman Bill Wavish stated Myer was willing to build new stores if necessary, and that new locations could be in any city or town with a population over 40,000 people.[38]

MYER Sydney City Pitt Street entrance

On 22 September 2007, Myer's Liverpool Street building in Hobart was destroyed by a fire that is believed to have started in the cosmetic section. Estimates placed the damage costs at $50 million for the building alone with many millions more for all the stock which was destroyed. The building including its historic façade was subsequently demolished. The adjacent Murray Street building suffered substantial smoke and water damage. Within a day of the fire, Myer issued a statement saying it would be rebuilding in Hobart. They reopened the Murray Street section of their store on 16 November – 44 days after the fire.[39][40] Myer also stated that they will build a new store that may take up to 3 years to build and will add 2,000 m² of space. Whilst that development is taking place in the damaged part of the store, Myer will be using a site in MacQuarie Street for departments unable to fit into the Murray Street building, in a Harvey Norman style "home store". As of July 2015, construction of the new store on Liverpool Street is well underway and is set to open in late November 2015.[41]

Myer opened a store in the redeveloped Top Ryde shopping centre in northern Sydney in 2010. There was (previously an A.J. Benjamin's store) Grace Bros. store at this centre from 1964 until closure in early 1985.[42] The Myer store closed in July 2015.

In April 2008, Myer announced that it would open 3 new stores in Queensland. The first two stores were planned to open in 2010 at Westfield Garden City – Upper Mount Gravatt, Robina Town Centre with the third store planned to open in Mackay in 2011. Myer also announced that it would open a store at East Maitland in 2011 when the redevelopment was completed, later delayed until 2013.[43]

In July 2008, Myer stated it planned to expand into the Middle East and open its first overseas store in Dubai,[44] but by March 2009 had put such plans on hold.[45]

In September 2009, it was announced that three more stores would open at Tuggerah on the New South Wales Central Coast, Woden in Canberra and Robina on the Gold Coast, Queensland. In total, at the time of launching its prospectus, Myer stated it had signed conditional lease agreements for 12 locations to open progressively from 2010 to 2013[43] with a plan to reach 80 stores by 2014.[46] Myer has since announced that not all of the proposed store openings will occur. The proposed Myer store at East Maitland, west of Newcastle, New South Wales, will no longer open, nor will the store at Woden. It has been rumoured that stores at Tuggerah and Coomera, Queensland will no longer proceed, both of these locations are already served by nearby Myer stores.

In February 2013 Myer closed the Elizabeth, South Australia store.

Myer operated its own direct mail order company, Myer Direct, from 1989 until its sale to EziBuy[47] in January 2002.

Myer places stores into one of four clusters, which reflects the store specific shopper demographics. The cluster determines the merchandise mix, brand assortment, services offered, and capital expenditure. The sales performance expectations are also based on which cluster a store is placed. As of September 2015 the clusters (store numbers) were Flagship (7), Premium (16), Mainstream (27), and Community (17). At the time of the announcement it was stated ca. 20% of footprint rationalisation could occur.

Online shopping

In October 2007, Myer launched an online gift store, including electronic goods, perfumes, miss shop clothing and gift cards.[48]

In 2011, Myer launched an online shopping site called myfind.com (which is now closed) based in Hong Kong for people in Australia.[49]

Myer will continue to operate Myer.com.au based in Melbourne where sales tax applies.

Departments

At the Melbourne City store, both these departments are located in "The Basement" and is much larger than in other stores, at almost 6,000m2.[50] The staff are dressed casually to reflect the youth target market. There are also a small number of concession stores within this area. Other selected Myer stores contain "The Basement" concept, with those that don't containing separate Women's and Men's youth departments, in the usual fashion floor style.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Myer’s place in history". Bendigo Advertiser. 20 August 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  2. ↑ "Myer's Food Hall's bitter end". Herald-Sun, Melbourne. 17 August 2007. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  3. ↑ "Myer, Sir Norman (1897–1956)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  4. ↑ "Finance and Business". The Age. 26 October 1968.
  5. ↑ "Myer's enter discount war". The Age, Melbourne. 25 November 1969.
  6. ↑ "Myer wins Grace Bros". The Age, Melbourne. 16 June 1983.
  7. ↑ "Myer offer gets blessing from Boans". Sydney Morning Herald. 15 February 1984.
  8. ↑ "Myer family clears way for Coles $1.12bn bid". Sydney Morning Herald. 7 August 1985.
  9. ↑ "Eck's Challenge at Coles Myer". MMR. 16 April 2001. Archived from the original on 12 January 2009. Retrieved 28 June 2008.
  10. ↑ "The Dawn of a new era". Melbourne: The Age. 20 February 2003. Retrieved 28 June 2008.
  11. ↑ "Name falls from Grace as Myer becomes my store". Sydney Morning Herald. 13 February 2004. Retrieved 1 August 2007.
  12. ↑ "'Store wars' launch summer fashion". Sydney Morning Herald. 9 August 2004. Retrieved 3 August 2007.
  13. ↑ "$800m Myer sale season tipped". The Age, Melbourne. 17 August 2005. Retrieved 3 August 2007.
  14. ↑ "Myer sale finalised". ABC News online. 2 June 2006. Retrieved 3 August 2007.
  15. 1 2 "Brookes on Myer renovation". Inside Business. 19 November 2006. Retrieved 3 August 2007.
  16. ↑ "Golden girls battle for city's heart and cash". The Sun Herald. 5 August 2007. Retrieved 5 August 2007.
  17. ↑ Gluyas, Richard (27 March 2007). "Myer's makeover reaps $1bn". The Australian. Retrieved 3 August 2007.
  18. ↑ "Australian IT – Myer weaned from Coles IT". The Australian. 27 March 2007. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  19. ↑ "Myer loses top layer of fashion expertise". Brisbane Times. 29 April 2007. Retrieved 3 August 2007.
  20. ↑ Flirting, After; Fashion, High (2 August 2007). "Dressing down at Myer". The Australian. Retrieved 3 August 2007.
  21. ↑ Butler, Ben (22 June 2007). "Family ties bind at Myer". Herald Sun, Melbourne. Retrieved 3 August 2007.
  22. ↑ "Myer Bourke Street reopening". Daily Telegraph. 31 March 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  23. ↑ "TPG eyes IPO for Australia's Myer department store group". The-Financial-Times, Australia. 5 August 2009. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
  24. ↑ Greenblat, Eli (6 October 2009). "Demand for Myer stock tops $2b". Melbourne: Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
  25. ↑ Gluyas, Richard (24 August 2011). "Tax Office wins legal backing to pursue TPG over Myer float millions". The Australian. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  26. ↑ "ASX:MYR". Google Finance. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  27. ↑ "Myer and David Jones merger: cautious approval but doubts remain". The-Sydney-Morning-Herald, Australia. 3 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
  28. ↑ "Myer confirms David Jones merger approach" (PDF). ASX-Media-Release, Australia. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
  29. ↑ http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/20/myer-holdings-david-jones-mergers-idUSL3N0LP1NL20140220
  30. ↑ http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2014/s3953046.htm
  31. ↑ "ASX and media release – Myer Full Year Results for 2010". Myer. 16 September 2010. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
  32. ↑ Kohler, Alan (25 October 2003). "General Electric gets the sparks flying". Melbourne: The Age. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
  33. ↑ "GE grows with Myer Black". The Sheet. 4 October 2007. Archived from the original on 5 October 2007. Retrieved 5 October 2007.
  34. ↑ "Myer uses Visa card to generate loyalty". Australian Financial Review. 12 November 2007: 16.
  35. ↑ "Retailers take on the banks…again". Australian Financial Review. 30 January 2008: 1, 61.
  36. ↑ http://www.myer.com.au/about-us_myer-melbourne-redevelopment_reinvigorating_about-the-redevelopment.aspx
  37. ↑ http://www.myer.com.au/whats-on_latest-news.aspx?view=922
  38. ↑ Dunlevy, Maurice (29 March 2007). "Myer into building mode with 17 new stores planned". The Australian.
  39. ↑ "Historic Hobart Myer destroyed by fire". Melbourne Herald Sun. 22 September 2007. Retrieved 22 September 2007.
  40. ↑ "Myer handed back part of store after fire". The Age, Melbourne. 27 September 2007. Retrieved 28 September 2007.
  41. ↑ http://www.themercury.com.au/news/tasmania/myer-site-rebirth-on-target-for-november-opening-with-cbd-trader-predicting-a-bumper-christmas/story-fnj4f7k1-1227539356378
  42. ↑ "Myer to open new Sydney store". News.com.au. 13 November 2007. Archived from the original on 13 November 2007. Retrieved 14 November 2007.
  43. 1 2 "Myer prospectus" (PDF). ASX. Retrieved 28 September 2009.
  44. ↑ "Shopping giant spreads wings". Sydney Morning Herald.
  45. ↑ "Myer's Dubai move put on hold". arabianbusiness.com. 24 March 2009. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
  46. ↑ Greenblat, Eli (28 September 2009). "Prospectus out: Myer prices shares". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
  47. ↑ http://www.ezibuy.com.au/
  48. ↑ "Myer Gifts Online". Myer. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
  49. ↑
  50. ↑ Retail Environment Design: Myer Basement

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