Multi-Use Radio Service
In the United States, the Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS) is an unlicensed two-way radio service similar to Citizens Band (CB). Established by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission in the fall of 2000, MURS created a radio service allowing for unlicensed (Part 95) operation, with a power limit of 2 watts. The FCC formally defines MURS as "a private, two-way, short-distance voice or data communications service for personal or business activities of the general public." MURS stations may not be connected to the public telephone network, may not be used for store and forward operations, and radio repeaters are not permitted.
In 2009 Industry Canada (IC) established a five year transition plan which would have permitted the use of MURS in Canada starting June 2014.[1] In August 2014 IC announced a deferral of MURS introduction, as "the Department does not feel that the introduction of MURS devices in Canada is warranted at this time, and has decided to defer the introduction of MURS devices in Canada until a clearer indication of actual need is provided by Canadian MURS advocates and/or stakeholders..".[2]
Eligibility
No licenses are required or issued for MURS within the United States.
- Any person is authorized to use the MURS frequencies given that it:[3]
- Is not a foreign government or a representative of a foreign government.
- Uses the transmitter in accordance with 47 CFR. 95.1309.
- Operates in accordance with the rules contained in Sections 95.1301-95.1309.
- Operates only legal, type accepted MURS equipment.
Frequencies
MURS comprises the following five frequencies:
| Channel | Frequency | Authorized bandwidth | Channel Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 151.820 MHz | 11.25 kHz | N/A |
| 2 | 151.880 MHz | 11.25 kHz | N/A |
| 3 | 151.940 MHz | 11.25 kHz | N/A |
| 4 | 154.570 MHz | 20.00 kHz | Blue Dot |
| 5 | 154.600 MHz | 20.00 kHz | Green Dot |
Channels 1-3 use "narrowband" frequency modulation (2.5 kHz deviation). Channels 4 and 5 use "wideband" FM (5 kHz deviation). MURS falls under part 95 and is not mandated for narrow banding such as those of part 90 in the public service bands by January 2013.
Because previous business band licensees who have maintained their active license remain grandfathered with their existing operating privileges, it is possible to find repeaters or other operations not authorized by Part 95 taking place. These are not necessarily illegal. If legal, such operations may enjoy primary status on their licensed frequency and as such are legally protected from harmful interference by MURS users.
Range
MURS range will vary depending on antenna size and placement. With an external antenna, ranges of 10 miles or more can be expected.[4] Full line-of-sight propagation is usually not possible due to the relatively low power restriction of 2 watts.
Authorized modes
| Designator | Common Name |
|---|---|
| A1D | Amplitude modulation; on off keyed or quantized; no modulation; Data, telemetry, telecommand |
| A2B | Amplitude modulation; Digital, with modulation; Telegraphy for machine copy (RTTY, fast Morse) |
| A2D | Amplitude modulation; Digital, with modulation; Data, telemetry, telecommand |
| A3E | Amplitude modulation; Single analog channel; Telephony, voice, sound broadcasting |
| F2B | Angle modulation, straight FM; Digital, with modulation; Telegraphy for machine copy (RTTY, fast Morse) |
| F1D | Angle modulation, straight FM; on off keyed or quantized; Data, telemetry, telecommand |
| F2D | Angle modulation, straight FM; Digital, with modulation; Data, telemetry, telecommand |
| F3E | Angle modulation, straight FM; Single analog channel; Telephony, voice, sound broadcasting |
| G3E | Angle modulation, phase modulation; Single analog channel; Telephony, voice, sound broadcasting |
Permitted areas of operation
MURS operation is authorized anywhere a CB station is authorized and within or over any area of the world where radio services are regulated by the FCC. Those areas are within the territorial limits of:
- The fifty United States
- The District of Columbia
- Caribbean Insular areas
- Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
- Navassa Island
- United States Virgin Islands (50 islets and cays)
- Pacific Insular areas
- American Samoa (seven islands)
- Baker Island
- Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands
- Guam Island
- Howland Island
- Jarvis Island
- Johnston Island (Islets East, Johnston, North and Sand)
- Kingman Reef
- Midway Island (Islets Eastern and Sand)
- Palmyra Island (more than 50 islets)
- Wake Island
- Aboard any vessel of the United States, with the permission of the captain, while the vessel is traveling either domestically or in international waters.
Restrictions
- Transmitter power output is limited to 2 watts.
- The highest point of any MURS antenna must not be more than 18.3 meters (60 feet) above the ground or 6.10 meters (20.0 feet) above the highest point of the structure to which it is mounted, whichever is higher.[5]
- Transmitting on MURS frequencies is not allowed while aboard aircraft in flight.[5]
- When transmitting in Puerto Rico, Desecheo, Mona, Vieques, and Culebra, care must be taken to not interfere with the Arecibo Observatory
- Devices that use MURS must be specially labeled and certified.[4]
Products
There are a wide variety of radio products that use MURS frequencies. MURS devices consist of wireless base station intercoms, handheld two-way radios, wireless dog training collars, wireless public address units, customer service callboxes, wireless remote switches, and wireless callboxes with or without gate opening ability. Since MURS uses standard frequencies, most devices that use MURS are compatible with each other.
In 2015, Brooklyn-based startup goTenna released a cognitive digital radio product that operates on the MURS band and pairs wirelessly with smartphones to enable users to send texts and share locations on a peer-to-peer basis, enabling users to send texts and share locations without centralized communications infrastructure of any kind. Proprietary networking protocols enable goTenna users to have more of a smartphone-like experience than a walkie-talkie experience — including delivery confirmations, group creation, and automatic channel-switching.[6][7]
Due to these unique protocols, goTenna is not interoperable with other MURS devices even though they operate on the same spectrum. goTenna’s networking protocols are “listen-before-talk” which means a goTenna will wait for nearby MURS radios to complete an in-process transmission first so as to not contribute to congestion in the band’s five channels.[8]
See also
External links
References
- ↑ "Spectrum Allocation and Utilization Policy Regarding the Use of Certain Frequency Bands Below 1.7 GHz for a Range of Radio Applications" (PDF). Industry Canada. June 2009. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
A five-year transition period is established from the publication date of this spectrum policy, after which the distribution and sale of MURS devices will be permitted.
- ↑ http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf10822.html
- ↑ http://wireless.fcc.gov/services/index.htm?job=service_home&id=multi_use
- 1 2 http://www.fcc.gov/encyclopedia/multi-use-radio-service-murs-0
- 1 2 http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2009-title47-vol5/pdf/CFR-2009-title47-vol5-part95.pdf
- ↑ Statt, Nick. "GoTenna creates a cell network out of thin air anywhere on Earth". CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
- ↑ Nelson, Patrick. "Device lets smartphones communicate during network outage". Network World. Network World. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
- ↑ news.ycombinator.com https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8058473. Retrieved 3 November 2015. Missing or empty
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