Muhammad Ali (Brunei)
Sultan Muhammad Ali was the thirteenth sultan of Brunei. He ruled only in 1660. He was killed by his successor Abdul Hakkul Mubin so starting the Brunei Civil War. He was avenged by his grandson Muhyiddin of Brunei who became the 15th Sultan.
Uncertainties
The earliest historical record of the Sultans of Brunei is not clearly known due to the poor early documentation of Brunei history. In addition there has been an effort to Islamise the history, with the "official history" not matching up with verifiable foreign sources [1] The Batu Tarsilah - the genealogical record of the kings of Brunei - was not started until 1807. Therefore, much of the intepretation on history relied on earlier Chinese sources and legends.[2] It seems that the early Sultanate of Brunei was dependent on Chinese support,[2][3][4] and perhaps early Sultans were of Chinese origin.[2] Furthermore the earliest Sultans may have been practising the Hindu or Buddhist religions, with early names indicating this origin.[1]
See also
References
- 1 2 "Brunei". 4dw.net. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
- 1 2 3 Elisseeff, Vadime (January 2000). "Chapter 8: A Brunei Sultan of the Early Fourteenth Century - A Study of an Arabic Gravestone". The Silk Roads: Highways of Culture and Commerce. Berghahn Books. pp. 145–157. ISBN 978-1-57181-222-3. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
- ↑ "Malay History: What's Missing in Malaysian History Books". Malaysianunplug.blogspot.co.uk. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
- ↑ "The golden history of Islam in Brunei". The Brunei Times. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
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| by order and date of accession | | | 14th century | |
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| | 15th century | |
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| | 16th century | |
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| | 17th century | |
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| | 18th century |
- Hussin Kamaluddin (First reign)
- Muhammad Alauddin
- Hussin Kamaluddin (Second reign)
- Omar Ali Saifuddin I
- Muhammad Tajuddin
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| | 19th century | |
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| | 20th century | |
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