Committee on Human Rights in the USSR

The Committee on Human Rights in the USSR (Russian: Комите́т прав челове́ка в СССР) was founded in 1970 by dissident Valery Chalidze together with Andrei Sakharov and Andrei Tverdokhlebov.^[1]

Members

Valery Chalidze was a writer and dissident who published the samizdat journal Social Problems. Andrei Sakharov was an eminent Soviet nuclear physicist who had publicly opposed the Soviet plans for atmospheric nuclear tests. In 1968, Sakharov had published "Progress, Coexistence and Intellectual Freedom," a plea for nuclear disarmament emphasizing the role of human rights. As a result, his professorship was revoked by Soviet authorities. He became a spokesman for the human rights in the Soviet Union. The third founding member was physicist Andrey Tverdokhlebov.

Later the Committee was joined by Igor Shafarevich, a mathematician and corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences. Mathematician Aleksandr Yesenin-Volpin and physicist Boris Zukerman became legal experts for the group. Writer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and dissident bard Aleksandr Galich became honorary members.^[2]:293[3] Other prominent members of the committee included Yelena Bonner and Pavel Litvinov.^[1]

Goals

Unlike its predecessor, the Initiative Group for the Defense of Human Rights in the USSR, the Committee functioned within a framework defined by its founding statutes. It was defined it as "a creative association acting in accordance with the laws of the land." The goals of the committee were listed in their founding statement:^[4]:77[5]

• Consultative assistance to the organs of government in the establishment and application of guarantees of human rights;
• Research into the theoretical aspects of the human rights question and into the specific nature of this question in a socialist society;
• Legal education of the public, including the publication of international and Soviet documents on human rights.

The Committee opposed secret trials, capital punishment, and punitive psychiatry.^[6] It specifically ruled out any cooperation with organizations that sought the overthrow of the Soviet state.^[4]:78

The committee was the first independent association in the Soviet Union to receive membership in an international organization. In June 1971, it became an affiliate of the International League of Human Rights, a nongovernmental organization with consultative status under the United Nations, and International Institute of Human Rights. It also became a member of the International Institute of Law.^[1][2]:294

See also

• Initiative Group for the Defense of Human Rights in the USSR
• Moscow Helsinki Group

References

1. 1 2 3 Korey, William (2001). NGO's and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: "A Curious Grapevine". Palgrave Macmillan. p. 145. ISBN 031223886X. 
2. 1 2 Alexeyeva, Lyudmila (1987). Soviet Dissent: Contemporary Movements for National, Religious, and Human Rights. Carol Pearce (trans.). Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0-8195-6176-2. 
3. ↑ De Boer, S. P.; Driessen, Evert; Verhaar, Hendrik (1982). Biographical dictionary of dissidents in the Soviet Union: 1956–1975. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 488. ISBN 9024725380. 
4. 1 2 Horvath, Robert (2005). The legacy of Soviet dissent: dissidents, democratisation and radical nationalism in Russia. BASEES/Routledge Series on Russian and East European Studies. London; New York: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 978-0-203-41285-5. 
5. ↑ "Комитет прав человека в СССР" [Committee on Human Rights in the USSR]. Хроника текущих событий (in Russian) (17). 31 December 1970. 
6. ↑ Lawson, Edward; Bertucci, Mary (1996). Encyclopedia of human rights. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1560323620. 

Bibliography

• (Russian) Kline, Edward (2004). Moskovskij Komitet prav celoveka =: The Moscow human rights committee. Publikacii Muzeja i obščestvennogo centra imeni Andreja Sacharova (in Russian). Lev Michajlovič Timofeev (trans.). Moskva: Prava čeloveka. ISBN 978-5-7712-0308-9.