Mongolian Gender Equality Center

Mongolian Gender Equality Center
Motto Eradicate Human Trafficking and Gender Inequality
Founded January 4th 2002
Type Non-profit
NGO
Location
  • Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Services Preventing trafficking and protecting its victims through direct support, legal aid and lobbying. Promoting gender equality.
Website www.stoptrafficking.mn

The Mongolian Gender Equality Center (MGEC) is a non-governmental organization based in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.[1] It was established in 2002 with the aim of defending human rights and promoting gender equality. Its main focus has been on the issue of human trafficking, which it tackles through prevention programmes, legal advocacy and lobbying, and shelter and counseling services for victims (VOTs). Between 2007 and December 2009 the center provided support and assistance to over 280 Mongolian VOTs, of which 143 were successfully repatriated to Mongolia from 8 different countries.[2]

MGEC also works to secure equal rights for men and women in Mongolian society, arguing that discrimination against women lies at the root of gender-based crimes against them. It has developed a range of educational materials and publications to promote the ideal of gender equality.

Human trafficking in Mongolia

Human trafficking - the recruitment of individuals by deception or force for the purpose of exploitation - is a relatively recent phenomenon in Mongolia. Since 1990 the country’s transition from Socialism to democracy has seen increasing privatization of state-owned enterprises. As a result, many Mongolians, especially the young, have faced difficulties in finding employment, making them vulnerable to traffickers offering attractive opportunities to work or study abroad.[ii] The majority of Mongolians are trafficked to nearby countries including The People's Republic of China, Macau, Malaysia, Kazakhstan and The Republic of Korea. However, in recent years Mongolian trafficking victims have been found in a greater number of destinations, including Germany and Switzerland. Mongolians have been trafficked for a variety of purposes, including sexual exploitation, forced labour, and false marriage. Although the Mongolian government is beginning to take steps to tackle the problem, the majority of anti-trafficking work is undertaken by NGOs and civil society organizations.[3]

Aims

The aims of the MGEC are:

Areas of work

Victim protection

In 2007 MGEC initiated the “Direct Assistance to Victims of Human Trafficking Program” with assistance from the International Organization for Migration. Since then the program has provided 272 VOTs with assistance from the MGEC including repatriation, rehabilitation and reintegration into the Mongolian community.[5]

The program has assisted victims in the following ways:[6]

Trafficking prevention

MGEC’s trafficking prevention program aims to develop public understanding through training, research and the distribution of educational materials:

Foreign marriage

Between 2000 and 2008 the number of marriages of Mongolian women to foreign nationals increased from 79 to 3,485, and 67.8% of these were to Korean nationals. In July 2008, MGEC, together with the Government of the Republic of Korea and the Mongolian Ministry of Social Welfare & Labour, provided a one-day training program for Mongolian brides. The program focused on Korean culture, language and society, the legal regulations regarding marriage and divorce in Korea, and gave extensive advice on trafficking, domestic violence and abuse.[9]

Gender Equality

MGEC has developed and published a “Gender equality as a Basis of State Development” handbook jointly with the National Pedagogical University and the Science and Technology university of Mongolia. In addition the organization runs a number of educational programs from primary school to University level, and is also currently a member of a lobby group which is in the process of drafting a new gender equality law.

Trafficking under Mongolian law

In 1996, amendments to the previous Criminal Code (1986) introduced the first provisions addressing trafficking-related offences in Mongolia. As a result, one case of trafficking was successfully prosecuted, involving a Russian national who offered lucrative foreign employment to two Mongolian girls, one a minor aged 18, and another aged 19.

The revised Criminal Code came into effect in September 2002 however the articles regarding trafficking remain vague and ill-defined. Currently, under Article 113 (Sale and Purchase of Humans), the sale or purchase of human beings is punishable by a fine (51 to 250 times the minimum wage), obligatory labour for 300 to 500 hours, or by a prison sentence of up to 3 years.

If the sale and purchase of humans is committed for the purpose of taking blood, tissue or organs, prostitution, involves two or more persons or minors or is committed repeatedly or by a group of persons with prior intent, then it is punishable by a prison sentence from five to ten years. If committed on a permanent basis or by an organized group or criminal organization, the sentence is extended to ten to fifteen years.[10]

Other problems such as the protection of victims and witnesses have prevented trials continuing as the victims have been unable attend the hearing or witnesses have been reluctant to testify. A draft amendment of Article 113 was recently produced by a coalition of government, NGO and legal scholars.

A number of improvements have since been made to Mongolian law concerning the status of VOTs.

  1. Mongolia signed the Palermo Protocol in May 2008;[11]
  2. In February 2008, Article 113 (Sale and Purchase of Humans) was revised;[12]
  3. In March 2008, the official Legal Interpretation of Article 113 (Sale and Purchase of Humans) of the Criminal Code of Mongolia was developed from the Supreme Court of Mongolia. This led to a significant improvement in the number of cases that resulted in prosecution.

The amendment to Criminal Code of Mongolia, and signing of the Palermo Protocol was a result of many years of efforts and works of NGOs and some Governmental organizations.

Legal aid

Between 2007 and 2009 MGEC provided legal assistance to more than 160 clients, which included VOTs and those entered into unlawful marriages with Korean nationals.[13] In April 2009 two VOTs were repatriated from the Republic of China, and provided with legal and psychological counseling, and an advocacy service free of charge. In August 2009 the trafficker was sentenced to 12 years imprisonment. In February 2008 MGEC repatriated 5 VOTs from Malaysia and Macau with assistance from various Thai and Mongolian government bodies, and after providing legal support to the VOTs, the traffickers were sentenced to an average of 9 years imprisonment.[14]

Publications

Partner organizations

Domestic Organizations

International Organizations

MGEC is a member of the following organizations:

References

  1. http://www.gaatw.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=535:mongolian-gender-equality-now-mgec&catid=127:Asia
  2. Direct Assistance to Victims of Human trafficking Program Final Report. (2009). Victim Protection Programme, MGEC NGO. pp 1 - 11
  3. http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2009/
  4. http://stoptrafficking.mn/eng/
  5. http://stoptrafficking.mn/eng/images/last/Issue.pdf
  6. Mongolian Gender Equality Centre NGO General Information Publication. (2010)
  7. http://stoptrafficking.mn/eng/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=12&Itemid=102
  8. Mongolian Gender Equality Centre NGO General Information Publication. (2010)
  9. Pre-Departure Orientation Programme Report. E. Khishigbayar, MGEC Human Trafficking Project Coordinator.(2008)
  10. http://stoptrafficking.mn/eng/
  11. http://stoptrafficking.mn/eng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=101:palermo-convention&catid=94:palermo-convention&Itemid=122
  12. http://stoptrafficking.mn/eng/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=15&Itemid=121
  13. Direct Assistance to Victims of Human trafficking Program Final Report. (2009). Victim Protection Programme, MGEC NGO. pp 1 - 11
  14. Mongolian Gender Equality Centre NGO General Information Publication. (2010)

Further reading

External links

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