Mobile operating system
A mobile operating system (or mobile OS) is an operating system for smartphones, tablets, PDAs, or other mobile devices. While computers such as the typical laptop are mobile, the operating systems usually used on them are not considered mobile ones as they were originally designed for bigger stationary desktop computers that historically did not have or need specific "mobile" features. This distinction is getting blurred in some newer operating systems that are hybrids made for both uses.
Mobile operating systems combine features of a personal computer operating system with other features useful for mobile or handheld use; usually including, and most of the following considered essential in modern mobile systems; a touchscreen, cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS mobile navigation, camera, video camera, speech recognition, voice recorder, music player, near field communication and infrared blaster.
Mobile devices with mobile communications capabilities (e.g. smartphones) contain two mobile operating systems – the main user-facing software platform is supplemented by a second low-level proprietary real-time operating system which operates the radio and other hardware. Research has shown that these low-level systems may contain a range of security vulnerabilities permitting malicious base stations to gain high levels of control over the mobile device.[1]
Timeline
Mobile operating system milestones mirror the development of mobile phones and smartphones:
- 1973–1993 Mobile phones use embedded systems to control operation.
- 1994 The first smartphone, the IBM Simon, has a touchscreen, email and PDA features.
- 1996 Palm Pilot 1000 personal digital assistant is introduced with the Palm OS mobile operating system.
- 1996 First Windows CE Handheld PC devices are introduced.
- 1999 Nokia S40 OS is officially introduced along with the Nokia 7110.
- 2000 Symbian becomes the first modern mobile OS on a smartphone with the launch of the Ericsson R380.
- 2001 The Kyocera 6035 is the first smartphone with Palm OS.
- 2002 Microsoft's first Windows CE (Pocket PC) smartphones are introduced.
- 2002 BlackBerry releases its first smartphone.
- 2005 Nokia introduces Maemo OS on the first internet tablet N770.
- 2007 Apple iPhone with iOS is introduced as an iPhone, "mobile phone" and "internet communicator."[2]
- 2007 Open Handset Alliance (OHA) formed by Google, HTC, Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola, Samsung, LG, etc.[3]
- 2008 OHA releases Android (based on Linux Kernel) 1.0 with the HTC Dream (T-Mobile G1) as the first Android phone.
- 2009 Palm introduces webOS with the Palm Pre. By 2012 webOS devices were no longer sold.
- 2009 Samsung announces the Bada OS with the introduction of the Samsung S8500.
- 2010 Windows Phone OS phones are released but are not compatible with the previous Windows Mobile OS.
- 2010 MIUI are release by Xiaomi Inc which based on Google's Android Open Source Project(AOSP).
- 2011 MeeGo the first mobile Linux, combining Maemo and Moblin, is introduced with the Nokia N9, a collaboration of Nokia, Intel and Linux Foundation
- 2011 Samsung, Intel and the Linux Foundation announced, in September 2011, that their efforts will shift from Bada, MeeGo to Tizen during 2011 and 2012.
- 2011 the Mer project was announced, in October 2011, centered around an ultra-portable Linux + HTML5/QML/JavaScript core for building products with, derived from the MeeGo codebase.
- 2012 Mozilla announced in July 2012 that the project previously known as "Boot to Gecko"(which was built on top of Android Linux kernel and using Android drivers, however it doesn't use any Java-like code of Android) was now Firefox OS and had several handset OEMs on board.
- 2013 Canonical announced Ubuntu Touch, a version of the Linux distribution expressly designed for smartphones. The OS is built on the Android Linux kernel, using Android drivers, but does not use any of the Java-like code of Android.[4]
- 2013 BlackBerry releases their new operating system for smartphones, BlackBerry 10.
- 2013 Google releases Android KitKat 4.4.
- 2014 Microsoft releases Windows Phone 8.1 in February 2014.
- 2014 Xiaomi releases MIUI v6 in August 2014.
- 2014 Apple releases iOS 8 in September 2014.
- 2014 BlackBerry release BlackBerry 10.3 with integration with the Amazon Appstore in September 2014.
- 2014 Google releases Android 5.0 "Lollipop" in November 2014.
- 2015 Google releases Android 5.1 "Lollipop" in February 2015.
- 2015 Apple releases iOS 9 in September 2015.
- 2015 Google releases Android 6.0 "Marshmallow" in September 2015.
Current software platforms
Note that these operating systems often run ontop of baseband or other real time operating systems that handle hardware aspects of the phone.
Android
See: Android (operating system)
Android (based on the Linux kernel) is from Google Inc.[5] Besides having the largest installed base worldwide on smartphones, it is also the most popular operating system for general purpose computers (a category that includes desktop computers as well as mobile devices), even though Android is not a popular operating system for regular ("desktop") PCs. Although the Android operating system is free and open-source software,[6] in actual devices, much of the software bundled with it (including Google apps and vendor-installed software) is proprietary and closed source.[7]
Android's releases prior to 2.0 (1.0, 1.5, 1.6) were used exclusively on mobile phones. Android 2.x releases were mostly used for mobile phones but also some tablets. Android 3.0 was a tablet-oriented release and does not officially run on mobile phones. The current Android version is 6.0.
Android's releases are named after sweets or dessert items (except for the first and second releases):
- 1.0 : (API Level 1)
- 1.1 - Alpha : (API Level 2)
- 1.2 - Beta
- 1.5 - Cupcake : (API Level 3)
- 1.6 - Donut : (API Level 4)
- 2.0 - Eclair : (API Level 5)
- 2.0.1 - Eclair : (API Level 6)
- 2.1 - Eclair : (API Level 7)
- 2.2.x - Frozen Yogurt ("Froyo") : (API Level 8)
- 2.3 - Ginger Bread (Minor UI Tweak) : (API Level 9)
- 2.3.3 - Ginger Bread : (API Level 10)
- 3.0 - Honeycomb (Major UI revamp) : (API Level 11)
- 3.1 - Honeycomb : (API Level 12)
- 3.2 - Honeycomb : (API Level 13)
- 4.0 - Ice Cream Sandwich (Minor UI Tweak) : (API Level 14)
- 4.0.3 - Ice Cream Sandwich : (API Level 15)
- 4.1 - Jelly Bean : (API Level 16)
- 4.2 - Jelly Bean : (API Level 17)
- 4.3 - Jelly Bean : (API Level 18)
- 4.4.4 - KitKat : (API Level 19)
- 5.0, 5.0.1, 5.0.2 - Lollipop (Major UI revamp) : (API Level 21)
- 5.1, 5.1.1 - Lollipop : (API Level 22)
- 6.0 & 6.0.1 - Marshmallow : (API Level 23)
AOKP
AOKP, short for Android Open Kang Project is an custom ROM which based on Android Open Source Project(AOSP). Similar to CyanogenMod, AOKP allows Android users who can no longer obtain update support from their manufacturer to continue updating their OS version to the latest one based on official release from Google AOSP and heavy theme customization together with customizable system functions.
Current AOKP version list:
- AOKP(Based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" 4.0.x)
- AOKP(Based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x - 4.3.x)
- AOKP(Based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x)
ColorOS
ColorOS is based on the open source Android Open Source Project(AOSP) and develop by OPPO Electronics Corp. Currently, ColorOS are officially release together with every OPPO devices and OPPO had release an official ColorOS ROM for Oneplus One.
Current ColorOS version list:
- ColorOS 1.0 (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x - 4.3.x)(Initially release)
- ColorOS 2.0 (Based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x)(Minor UI upgrade)
- ColorOS 2.1 (Based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x - 5.1.x)(Minor UI upgrade)
CyanogenMod
CyanogenMod is based on the open source Android Open Source Project(AOSP). It is a custom ROM that was co-developed by the CyanogenMod community; therefore, the OS does not include any proprietary apps unless the user installs them. Due to its open source nature, CyanogenMod allows Android users who can no longer obtain update support from their manufacturer to continue updating their OS version to the latest one based on official release from Google AOSP and heavy theme customization. The current version of the OS is CyanogenMod 13 which is based on Android Marshmallow.
Current CyanogenMod version list:
- CyanogenMod 3 (Based on Android "Cupcake" 1.5.x, initial release)
- CyanogenMod 4 (Based on Android "Cupcake" and "Donut" 1.5.x and 1.6.x)
- CyanogenMod 5 (Based on Android "Eclair" 2.0/2.1)
- CyanogenMod 6 (Based on Android "Froyo" 2.2.x)
- CyanogenMod 7 (Based on Android "Gingerbread" 2.3.x)
- CyanogenMod 9 (Based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" 4.0.x, major UI revamp)
- CyanogenMod 10 (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x - 4.3.x)
- CyanogenMod 11 (Based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x)
- CyanogenMod 12 (Based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x - 5.1.x, major UI revamp)
- CyanogenMod 13 (Based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0.x)(Under development)
Cyanogen OS
Same as the predecessor it is based on Google's Android Open Source Project(AOSP) and maintained by Cyanogen Inc, however it includes proprietary apps and it is only available for commercial uses. The current version of the OS is Cyanogen OS 12 which is based on Android Lollipop.
Current Cyanogen OS version list:
- Cyanogen OS 11s (Based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x, initial release)
- Cyanogen OS 12 (Based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x - 5.1.x, major UI revamp)
- Cyanogen OS 13 (Based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0.x)(Under development)
ZenUI
ZenUI is a front-end touch interface developed by ASUS with partners, featuring a full touch user interface. ZenUI is used by Asus for android phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties. ZenUI also comes with Asus-made apps preloaded like ZenLink (PC Link, Share Link, Party Link & Remote Link)
EMUI
EMUI(which stands for Emotion User Interface) is a ROM/OS that is developed by Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. and is based on Google's Android Open Source Project(AOSP). EMUI is preinstalled on most Huawei Smartphone devices and its subsidiaries the Honor series.
Current EMUI version list:
- EMUI 1.x (Based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" 4.0.x and "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x - 4.3.x)(Initial release)
- EMUI 2.x (Based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" 4.0.x, "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x - 4.3.x and "KitKat" 4.4.x)(Minor UI tweak)
- EMUI 3.x (Based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x and "Lollipop" 5.0.x - 5.1.x)(Minor UI tweak)
- EMUI 4.x (Based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.x)
TouchWiz
TouchWiz is a front-end touch interface developed by Samsung Electronics with partners, featuring a full touch user interface. It is sometimes incorrectly identified as an operating system. TouchWiz is used internally by Samsung for smartphones, feature phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties. The Android version of TouchWiz also comes with Samsung-made apps preloaded (except Galaxy S6 and S6 Edge, which have removed all Samsung pre-loaded apps installed, leaving one with Galaxy Apps, to save storage space, due to the removal of MicroSD).
HTC Sense
HTC Sense is a software suite developed by HTC, used primarily on the company's Android-based devices. Serving as a successor to HTC's TouchFLO 3D software for Windows Mobile, Sense modifies many aspects of the Android user experience, incorporating additional features (such as an altered home screen and keyboard), additional widgets, re-designed applications, and additional HTC-developed applications. The first device with Sense, the HTC Hero, was released in 2009.
Optimus UI
Optimus UI is a front-end touch interface developed by LG Electronics with partners, featuring a full touch user interface. It is sometimes incorrectly identified as an operating system. Optimus UI is used internally by LG for sophisticated feature phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties.
The latest version of Optimus UI, 4.1.2, has been released on the Optimus K II and the Optimus Neo 3. It features a more refined user interface as compared to the previous version, 4.1.1, which would include voice shutter and quick memo.
Fire OS
Fire OS is an operating system launched by Amazon and is based on Google's Android Open Source Project(AOSP). Currently only a few devices have Fire OS installed, like Fire Phone, the Kindle Fire series and Amazon's Fire TV. Although the OS was built on top on Google's AOSP, it does not pre-install Google apps and ship with custom Amazon services.
Current Fire OS version list:
- Fire OS 3.0.x (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.2.2, official release as Fire OS)
- Fire OS 4.x.x (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" and "KitKat" 4.2.2 and 4.4.x, major UI revamp to match the Amazon's Fire Phone)
- Fire OS 4.x.x (Based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x - 5.1.x)(Under developing)
Flyme OS
Flyme OS is an operating system developed by Meizu Technology Co., Ltd., an open source OS based on Google Android Open Source Project(AOSP). Flyme OS is mainly installed on Meizu Smartphones such as the MX's series, however it also has official ROM support for a few Android devices.
Current Flyme OS version list:
- Flyme OS 1.x.x (Based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" 4.0.3, initial release)
- Flyme OS 2.x.x (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x - 4.2.x)
- Flyme OS 3.x.x (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.3.x)
- Flyme OS 4.x.x (Based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x)
- Flyme OS 5.x.x (Based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x - 5.1.x)
MIUI
MIUI (which stands for Mi User Interface), an operating system developed by a Chinese electronic company Xiaomi Tech, is a mobile operating system which based on Google Android Open Source Project(AOSP). MIUI is found in Xiaomi smartphones such as the Mi and Redmi Series, however it also has official ROM support for a few Android devices. Although MIUI is based on AOSP, which is an Open Source, however it consists of closed source and proprietary software of it own.
Current MIUI version list:
- MIUI V1 (Based on Android "Froyo" 2.2.x, initial release)
- MIUI V2 (Based on Android "Froyo" 2.2.x, redesign UI)
- MIUI V3 (Based on Android "Gingerbread" 2.3.x, redesign UI)
- MIUI V4 (Based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" and "Jelly Bean" 4.0.x and 4.1.x, redesign UI)
- MIUI V5 (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" and "KitKat" 4.1.x - 4.3.x and 4.4.x, redesign UI)
- MIUI V6 (Based on Android "KitKat" and "Lollipop" 4.4.x and 5.0.x, redesign UI)
- MIUI V7 (Based on Android "KitKat" and "Lollipop" and "Marshmallow" 4.4.x and 5.0.x and 6.0.x)
Nokia X platform
The Nokia X platform was developed by Nokia Corporation and later on maintained by Microsoft Mobile. It is a project which is based on the open source Android Open Source Project(AOSP). It removes all the Google Services and Apps and replaces them with Nokia and Microsoft apps. Its overall UI mimics the Windows Phone UI.
Current Nokia X platform version list:
- Nokia X platform 1.x (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x)(Initially release)
- Nokia X platform 2.x (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.3.x)(Minor UI tweak)
OxygenOS
OxygenOS is based on the open source Android Open Source Project(AOSP) and is developed by OnePlus to replace Cyanogen OS on Oneplus devices such as the Oneplus One, as it is preinstalled on the Oneplus Two and Oneplus X. As stated by Oneplus, OxygenOS is focused on stabilization and maintaining of "stock" like those found on Nexus devices. It consists of mainly Google apps and minor UI customization to maintain the sleekness of "pure" Android.
Current OxygenOS version list:
- Oxygen OS 1.0.X (Based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x)(Initial release)
- Oxygen OS 2.0.X (Based on Android "Lollipop" 5.1.x)(Overall maintenance update).
iOS
iOS (previously known as iPhone OS) is from Apple Inc.[5] It has the second largest installed base worldwide on smartphones, but the largest profits, due to aggressive price competition between Android-based manufacturers.[8] It is closed source and proprietary and built on open source Darwin core OS. The Apple iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and second-generation Apple TV all use iOS, which is derived from OS X.
Native third party applications were not officially supported until the release of iOS 2.0 on July 11, 2008. Before this, "jailbreaking" allowed third party applications to be installed, and this method is still available.
Currently all iOS devices are developed by Apple and manufactured by Foxconn or another of Apple's partners.
As of 2014, the global market share of iOS was 15.4%.[9]
Current iOS version list:
- iPhone OS 1.x
- iPhone OS 2.x
- iPhone OS 3.x
- iOS 4.x
- iOS 5.x
- iOS 6.x
- iOS 7.x (Major UI revamp)
- iOS 8.x
- iOS 9.x
Windows 10
Windows 10 Mobile (formerly called Windows Phone) is from Microsoft. It is closed source and proprietary. It has the third largest installed base on smartphones behind Android and iOS.
Unveiled on February 15, 2010, Windows Phone includes a user interface inspired by Microsoft's "Metro Design Language". It is integrated with Microsoft services such as OneDrive and Office, Xbox Music, Xbox Video, Xbox Live games and Bing, but also integrates with many other non-Microsoft services such as Facebook and Google accounts. Windows Phone devices are made primarily by Microsoft Mobile/Nokia, and also by HTC and Samsung.
On 21 January 2015, Microsoft announced that the Windows Phone brand will be phased out and replaced with Windows 10 Mobile, bringing tighter integration and unification with its PC counterpart Windows 10, and provide a platform for smartphones as well as tablets with screen size under 8 inches.
By the end of 2014, Windows 10 Mobile had a global market share of 2.7%.[10]
Current Windows Phone version list:
- Windows Phone 7
- Windows Phone 7.5
- Windows Phone 7.8 (Minor UI tweak)
- Windows Phone 8 (GDR1, GDR2 & GDR3) & (Minor UI tweak)
- Windows Phone 8.1 (GDR1 & GDR2) & (Minor UI tweak)
- Windows 10 Mobile
BlackBerry 10
BlackBerry 10 (based on the QNX OS) is from BlackBerry. As a smart phone OS, it is closed source and proprietary, and only runs on phones and tablets manufactured by Blackberry.
Once one of the dominant platforms in the world, its global market share was reduced to 0.4% by the end of 2014.[10]
Current BlackBerry 10 version list:
- BlackBerry 10.0
- BlackBerry 10.1
- BlackBerry 10.2
- BlackBerry 10.3 (Major UI revamp)
- BlackBerry 10.4 (Developing, expected to release by 2016)
Firefox OS
Firefox OS[11] is from Mozilla. It is open source and is released under the Mozilla Public License. It is built on the Android Linux kernel and uses Android drivers, but doesn't use any Java-like code of Android.
According to Ars Technica, "Mozilla says that B2G is motivated by a desire to demonstrate that the standards-based open Web has the potential to be a competitive alternative to the existing single-vendor application development stacks offered by the dominant mobile operating systems."[12]
Current Firefox OS version list:
- 1.0.x
- 1.1.x
- 1.2.x
- 1.3.x
- 1.4.x
- 1.5.x
- 2.0.0
- 2.1.0
- 2.2.0
- 2.5.0
Sailfish OS
Sailfish OS is from Jolla. It is partly open source and adopts GPL (core and middleware), however the user interface is closed source.
After Nokia abandoned in 2011 the MeeGo project most of the MeeGo team left Nokia, and established Jolla as a company to use MeeGo and Mer business opportunities. Thanks to MER standard it can be launched on any hardware with kernel compatible with MER. In 2012 Linux Sailfish OS based on MeeGo and using middleware of MER core stack distribution has been launched for public use. The first device, the Jolla smartphone, was unveiled on 20 May 2013. In 2015 has been launched Jolla Tablet and the BRICS countries has declared it officially supported OS there. Jolla started licensing Sailfish OS 2.0 for 3rd parties. Sold already devices are updateable to Sailfish 2.0 without limitations.
Each Sailfish OS version releases are named after Finnish lakes:
- 1.0.0.5 - Update - (Kaajanlampi)
- 1.0.1.1x - Update 1 (Laadunjärvi)
- 1.0.2.5 - Update 2 (Maadajävri)
- 1.0.3.8 - Update 3 (Naamankajärvi)
- 1.0.4.20 - Update 4 (Ohijärvi)
- 1.0.5.1x - Update 5 (Paarlamp)
- 1.0.7.16 - Update 7 (Saapunki)
- 1.0.8.19 - Update 8 (Tahkalampi)
- 1.1.0.3x - Update 9 (Uitukka)
- 1.1.1.2x - Update 10 (Vaarainjärvi)
- 1.1.2.1x - Update 11 (Yliaavanlampi)
- 1.1.4.28 - Update 13 (Äijänpäivänjärvi)
- 1.1.6.27 - Update 15 (Aaslakkajärvi)
- 1.1.7.24 - Update 16 (Björnträsket)
- 1.1.9.28 - Update 17 pre-transition to Sailfish OS 2.0 (Eineheminlampi) (Major UI revamp)
- 2.0.0.10 - Update 18 complete-transition to Sailfish 2.0 (Saimaa) (Minor UI and functionality improvement)
Tizen
Tizen is hosted by the Linux Foundation and support from the Tizen Association, guided by a Technical Steering Group composed of Intel and Samsung.
Tizen is an operating system for devices including smartphones, tablets, in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) devices, and smart TVs. It is an open source system(However the SDK was closed source and proprietary) that aims to offer a consistent user experience across devices. Tizen's main components are the Linux kernel and the WebKit runtime. According to Intel, Tizen "combines the best of LiMo and MeeGo." HTML5 apps are emphasized, with MeeGo encouraging its members to transition to Tizen, stating that the "future belongs to HTML5-based applications, outside of a relatively small percentage of apps, and we are firmly convinced that our investment needs to shift toward HTML5." Tizen will be targeted at a variety of platforms such as handsets, touch pc, smart TVs and in-vehicle entertainment.[13][14] On May 17, 2013, Tizen released version 2.1, code-named Nectarine.[15]
Currently Tizen are the fourth largest Mobile OS in term of market share. Tizen has the second-largest market share in the budget segment of smartphones in India as of Q4 2015.
Current Tizen version list:
- 1.0 (Larkspur)
- 2.0 (Magnolia)
- 2.1 (Nectarine)
- 2.2.x
- 2.3.x
- 2.4 (Under developing, minor UI tweak)
- 3.0 (Possible future update, under developing)
Ubuntu Touch OS
Ubuntu Touch OS is from Canonical Ltd.. It is open source and uses the GPL license.[15] The OS is built on the Android Linux kernel, using Android drivers, but does not use any of the Java-like code of Android.
Discontinued software platforms
Bada
Bada platform (stylized as bada; Korean: 바다) was an operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. It was developed by Samsung Electronics. Its name is derived from "바다 (bada)", meaning "ocean" or "sea" in Korean. It ranges from mid- to high-end smartphones. To foster adoption of Bada OS, since 2011 Samsung reportedly has considered releasing the source code under an open-source license, and expanding device support to include Smart TVs. Samsung announced in June 2012 intentions to merge Bada into the Tizen project,but would meanwhile use its own Bada operating system, in parallel with Google Android OS and Microsoft Windows Phone, for its smartphones. All Bada-powered devices are branded under the Wave name, but not all of Samsung's Android-powered devices are branded under the name Galaxy. On 25 February 2013, Samsung announced that it will stop developing Bada, moving development to Tizen instead.Bug reporting was finally terminated in April 2014.[16]
Symbian
The Symbian platform was developed by Nokia for certain models of smartphones. It is proprietary software. The operating system was discontinued in 2012, although a slimmed-down version for basic phones was still developed until July 2014. Microsoft officially shelved the platform in favor of Windows Phone after the acquisition of Nokia.[17]
Windows Mobile
Windows Mobile is a discontinued operating system from Microsoft that it replaced with Windows Phone.[5][18] It is closed source and proprietary.
The Windows CE operating system and Windows Mobile middleware was widely spread in Asia (which mostly uses Android now). The two improved variants of this operating system, Windows Mobile 6 Professional (for touch screen devices) and Windows Mobile 6 Standard, were unveiled in February 2007. It was criticized for having a user interface which is not optimized for touch input by fingers; instead, it is more usable with a stylus. Like iOS, and most other Mobile OS, it supports both touch screen, physical and Bluetooth keyboard configurations.
Windows Mobile's market share sharply declined to just 5% in Q2 of 2010.[19][20] Microsoft phased out the Windows Mobile OS to focus on Windows Phone.
Palm OS
Palm OS/Garnet OS was from Access Co. It is closed source and proprietary. webOS was introduced by Palm in January 2009 as the successor to Palm OS with Web 2.0 technologies, open architecture and multitasking capabilities.
webOS
webOS was developed by Palm, although some parts are open source. webOS is a proprietary mobile operating system running on the Linux kernel, initially developed by Palm, which launched with the Palm Pre. After being acquired by HP, two phones (the Veer and the Pre 3) and a tablet (the TouchPad) running webOS were introduced in 2011. On August 18, 2011, HP announced that webOS hardware was to be discontinued[21] but would continue to support and update webOS software and develop the webOS ecosystem.[22] HP released webOS as open source under the name Open webOS, and plans to update it with additional features.[23] On February 25, 2013 HP announced the sale of WebOS to LG Electronics, who used the operating system for its "smart" or Internet-connected TVs. However HP retained patents underlying WebOS as well as cloud-based services such as the App Catalog.
Maemo
Maemo was a platform developed by Nokia for smartphones and Internet tablets. It is open source and GPL, based on Debian GNU/Linux and draws much of its GUI, frameworks and libraries from the GNOME project. It uses the Matchbox window manager and the GTK-based Hildon as its GUI and application framework.
MeeGo
MeeGo was from non-profit organization The Linux Foundation. It is open source and GPL. At the 2010 Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Nokia and Intel both unveiled 'MeeGo', a mobile operating system that combined Moblin and Maemo to create an open-sourced experience for users across all devices. In 2011 Nokia announced that it would no longer pursue MeeGo in favor of Windows Phone. Nokia announced the Nokia N9 on June 21, 2011 at the Nokia Connection event[24] in Singapore. LG announced its support for the platform.[25]
LiMo
LiMo was from the LiMo Foundation. LiMo Foundation launched LiMo 4 on February 14, 2011. LiMo 4 delivers middleware and application functionality, including a flexible user interface, extended widget libraries, 3D window effects, advanced multimedia, social networking and location-based service frameworks, sensor frameworks, multi-tasking and multi-touch capabilities. In addition, support for scalable screen resolution and consistent APIs means that the platform can deliver a consistent user experience across multiple device types and form factors.[26]
Market share
In 2006, Android, iOS and Windows Phone did not exist and just 64 million smartphones were sold.[27] In 2014, more than a billion smartphones were sold and global market share was 80.7% for Android, 15.4% for iOS, 2.8% for Windows Phone and remaining 1.1% for all other platforms.[9]
World-Wide Share or Shipments
Quarter | Windows Mobile[28] | RIM | Symbian[29] | iOS | Android[30] | Bada | Windows Phone[31] | Other | Total Smartphones | Total Phones |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 Q3[32] | - | 977 | - | 46,062 | 298,797 | - | 5,874 | 1,133.6 | 352,844 | 477,898.8 |
2015 Q2[33] | - | 1,153 | - | 48,086 | 271,010 | - | 8,198 | 1,229 | 329,676.4 | 445,758.8 |
2015 Q1[34] | - | 1,325 | - | 60,177 | 265,012 | - | 8,271 | 1,268 | 336,054 | 460,261 |
2014 Q4 | N/A | |||||||||
2014 Q3[35] | - | 2,420 | - | 38,187 | 254,354 | - | 9,033 | 1,310.2 | 305,384 | 461,064 |
2014 Q2[36] | - | 2,044 | - | 35,345 | 243,484 | - | 8,095 | 2,044 | 290,384.4 | 444,190.4 |
2014 Q1[34] | - | 1,714 | - | 43,062 | 227,549 | - | 7,580 | 1,371 | 281,637 | 448,966 |
2013 Q4[37] | - | 1,807 | - | 50,224 | 219,613 | - | 8,534 | 1,994 | 282,171 | 490,342 |
2013 Q3[38] | - | 4,401 | 458 | 30,330 | 205,023 | 633 | 8,912 | 475 | 250,232 | 455,642 |
2013 Q2[39] | - | 6,180 | 631 | 31,900 | 177,898 | 838 | 7,408 | 472 | 225,326 | 435,158 |
2013 Q1[40] | - | 6,219 | 1,349 | 38,332 | 156,186 | 1,371 | 5,989 | 600 | 210,046 | 425,822 |
2012 Q4[41] | - | 7,333 | 2,569 | 43,457 | 144,720 | 2,684 | 6,186 | 713 | 207,662 | 472,076 |
2012 Q3[42] | - | 8,947 | 4,405 | 23,550 | 122,480 | 5,055 | 4,058 | 684 | 169,179 | 427,730 |
2012 Q2[43] | - | 7,991 | 9,072 | 28,935 | 98,529 | 4,209 | 4,087 | 863 | 153,686 | 419,008 |
2012 Q1[44] | - | 9,939 | 12,467 | 33,121 | 81,067 | 3,842 | 2,713 | 1,243 | 144,392 | 419,108 |
2011 Q4[45] | - | 13,185 | 17,458 | 35,456 | 75,906 | 3,111 | 2,759 | 1,167 | 149,042 | 476,555 |
2011 Q3[46] | - | 12,701 | 19,500 | 17,295 | 60,490 | 2,479 | 1,702 | 1,018 | 115,185 | 440,502 |
2011 Q2[47] | - | 12,652 | 23,853 | 19,629 | 46,776 | 2,056 | 1,724 | 1,051 | 107,740 | 428,661 |
2011 Q1[44][48] | 982 | 13,004 | 27,599 | 16,883 | 36,350 | 1,862 | 1,600 | 1,495 | 99,775 | 427,846 |
2010 Q4[45] | 3,419 | 14,762 | 32,642 | 16,011 | 30,801 | 2,027 | 0 | 1,488 | 101,150 | 452,037 |
2010 Q3[46] | 2,204 | 12,508 | 29,480 | 13,484 | 20,544 | 921 | - | 1,991 | 81,133 | 417,086 |
2010 Q2[47] | 3,059 | 11,629 | 25,387 | 8,743 | 10,653 | 577 | - | 2,011 | 62,058 | 367,987 |
2010 Q1[48] | 3,696 | 10,753 | 24,068 | 8,360 | 5,227 | - | - | 2,403 | 54,506 | 359,605 |
2009 Q4[49] | 4,203 | 10,508 | 23,857 | 8,676 | 4,043 | - | - | 2,517 | 53,804 | 347,103 |
2009 Q3[50] | 3,260 | 8,523 | 18,315 | 7,040 | 1,425 | - | - | 2,531 | 41,093 | 308,895 |
2009 Q2[51] | 3,830 | 7,782 | 20,881 | 5,325 | 756 | - | - | 2,398 | 40,972 | 286,122 |
2009 Q1[52] | 3,739 | 7,534 | 17,825 | 3,848 | 575 | - | - | 2,986 | 36,507 | 269,120 |
2008 Q4[53] | 4,714 | 7,443 | 17,949 | 4,079 | 639 | - | - | 3,319 | 38,143 | 314,708 |
2008 Q3[54] | 4,053 | 5,800 | 18,179 | 4,720 | 0 | - | - | 3,763 | 36,515 | 308,532 |
2008 Q2[55] | 3,874 | 5,594 | 18,405 | 893 | - | - | - | 3,456 | 32,221 | 304,722 |
2008 Q1[53] | 3,858 | 4,312 | 18,400 | 1,726 | - | - | - | 4,113 | 32,408 | 294,283 |
2007 Q4[53] | 4,374 | 4,025 | 22,903 | 1,928 | - | - | - | 3,536 | 36,766 | 330,055 |
2007 Q3[54] | 4,180 | 3,192 | 20,664 | 1,104 | - | - | - | 3,612 | 32,752 | 291,142 |
2007 Q2[55] | 3,212 | 2,471 | 18,273 | 270 | - | - | - | 3,628 | 27,855 | 272,604 |
2007 Q1[53] | 2,931 | 2,080 | 15,844 | - | - | - | - | 4,087 | 24,943 | 259,039 |
Year | Windows Mobile | RIM | Symbian | iOS | Android | Bada | Windows Phone | Other Smartphones | Total Smartphones |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 H1 | - | 0.37% / 0.27% | - | 16.26% / 11.95% | 80.52% / 59.16% | - | 2.47% / 1.82% | 0.38% / 0.28% | 100.0% / 73.48% |
2014[9] | - | 0.6% / 0.4% | - | 15.4% / 10.2% | 80.7% / 53.4% | - | 2.8% / 1.9% | 0.5% / 0.3% | 100.0% / 66.2% |
2013[56] | - | 1.9% / 1.0% | - | 15.6% / 8.3% | 78.4% / 42.0% | - | 3.2% / 1.7% | 0.9% / 0.5% | 100.0% / 57.6% |
2012[56] | - | 5.0% / 2.0% | - | 19.1% / 7.4% | 66.4% / 25.9% | - | 2.5% / 1.0% | 6.9% / 2.7% | 100.0% / 38.9% |
2011 | N/A | ||||||||
2010[57] | - | 16.0% / 3.0% | 37.6% / 7.0% | 15.7% / 2.9% | 22.7% / 4.2% | - | 4.2% / 0.8% | 3.8% / 0.7% | 100.0% / 18.6% |
2009[57] | 8.7% / 1.2% | 19.9% / 2.8% | 46.9% / 6.7% | 14.4% / 2.1% | 3.9% / 0.6% | - | - | 6.1% / 0.9% | 100.0% / 14.2% |
2008[58] | 11.8% / 1.3% | 16.6% / 1.9% | 52.4% / 6.0% | 8.2% / 0.9% | 0.5% / 0.1% | - | - | 10.5% / 1.2% | 100.0% / 11.4% |
2007[59] | 12.0% / 1.3% | 9.6% / 1.0% | 63.5% / 6.7% | 2.7% / 0.3% | - | - | - | 12.1% / 1.3% | 100.0% / 10.6% |
Quarter | Android[30] | Android | iOS | iOS | Symbian[29] | Symbian | BlackBerry OS | BlackBerry | Linux[60] | Linux | Windows Phone | Windows Phone | Other | Other | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 Q2[61] | 282.76 | 82.80% | 47.3 | 13.9% | - | 0.00% | 1.02 | 0.30% | - | 0.00% | 8.8 | 2.60% | 1.37 | 0.40% | 341.5 |
2015 Q1[62] | 260.8 | 78.00% | 61.2 | 18.30% | - | 0.00% | 1.00 | 0.30% | - | 0.00% | 9.03 | 2.70% | 2.34 | 0.70% | 334.4 |
2014 Q4[63] | 289.1 | 76.58% | 74.5 | 19.74% | - | 0.00% | 1.40 | 0.37% | - | 0.00% | 10.70 | 2.83% | 1.80 | 0.48% | 377.5 |
2014 Q3[64] | 283.0 | 84.48% | 39.2 | 11.70% | - | 0.00% | 1.68 | 0.50% | - | 0.00% | 9.72 | 2.90% | 2.00 | 0.60% | 335.0 |
2014 Q2[65] | 255.3 | 84.73% | 35.2 | 11.68% | - | 0.00% | 1.5 | 0.50% | - | 0.00% | 7.4 | 2.46% | 1.9 | 0.63% | 301.3 |
2014 Q1[66] | 234.1 | 81.20% | 43.8 | 15.20% | - | 0.00% | 1.4 | 0.50% | - | 0.00% | 7.2 | 2.50% | 2.0 | 0.70% | 288.3 |
2013 Q4[67] | 226.1 | 78.07% | 51.0 | 17.61% | - | 0.00% | 1.7 | 0.59% | - | 0.00% | 8.8 | 3.04% | 2.0 | 0.69% | 289.6 |
2013 Q3[68] | 211.6 | 81.04% | 33.8 | 12.95% | - | 0.00% | 4.5 | 1.72% | - | 0.00% | 9.5 | 3.64% | 1.7 | 0.65% | 261.1 |
2013 Q2[69] | 187.4 | 79.27% | 31.2 | 13.20% | 0.5 | 0.21% | 6.8 | 2.88% | 1.8 | 0.76% | 8.7 | 3.68% | 0.0 | 0.00% | 236.4 |
2013 Q1[70] | 162.1 | 74.98% | 37.4 | 17.30% | 1.2 | 0.56% | 6.3 | 2.91% | 2.1 | 0.97% | 7.0 | 3.24% | 0.1 | 0.05% | 216.2 |
2012 Q4[71] | 159.8 | 70.15% | 47.8 | 20.98% | 2.7 | 1.19% | 7.4 | 3.25% | 3.8 | 1.67% | 6.0 | 2.63% | 0.3 | 0.13% | 227.8 |
2012 Q3[72] | 136.0 | 75.10% | 26.9 | 14.85% | 4.1 | 2.26% | 7.7 | 4.25% | 2.8 | 1.55% | 3.6 | 1.99% | 0.0 | 0.00% | 181.1 |
2012 Q2[73] | 104.8 | 68.05% | 26.0 | 16.88% | 6.8 | 4.42% | 7.4 | 4.81% | 3.5 | 2.27% | 5.4 | 3.51% | 0.1 | 0.06% | 154.0 |
2012 Q1[74] | 89.9 | 59.03% | 35.1 | 23.05% | 10.4 | 6.83% | 9.7 | 6.37% | 3.5 | 2.30% | 3.3 | 2.17% | 0.4 | 0.26% | 152.3 |
2011 Q4[71] | 83.4 | 52.85% | 36.3 | 23.00% | 18.3 | 11.60% | 12.8 | 8.11% | 3.8 | 2.41% | 2.4 | 1.52% | 0.8 | 0.51% | 157.8 |
2011 Q3[72] | 67.7 | 57.32% | 16.3 | 13.80% | 17.3 | 14.65% | 11.3 | 9.57% | 3.9 | 3.30% | 1.4 | 1.19% | 0.1 | 0.08% | 118.1 |
2011 Q2[73] | 50.8 | 46.86% | 20.4 | 18.82% | 18.3 | 16.88% | 12.5 | 11.53% | 3.3 | 3.04% | 2.5 | 2.31% | 0.6 | 0.55% | 108.4 |
2011 Q1[74] | 36.7 | 36.12% | 18.6 | 18.31% | 26.4 | 25.98% | 13.8 | 13.58% | 3.2 | 3.15% | 2.6 | 2.56% | 0.3 | 0.30% | 101.6 |
Market Share by Country or Region
Region | USA | EU5[75] | China | Australia | Russia | Brazil | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quarter | iOS | Android | Windows | iOS | Android | Windows | iOS | Android | Windows | iOS | Android | Windows | iOS | Android | Windows | iOS | Android | Windows |
2015 Q3[76] | 29.2% | 65.9% | 3.9% | 14.4% | 74.0% | 10.6% | 19.1% | 77.4% | 3.0% | 36.8% | 54.5% | 7.4% | 10.5% | 75.9% | 11.5% | 4.0% | 91.4% | 4.7% |
2015 Q2[76] | 30.5% | 66.1% | 3.0% | 17.5% | 71.3% | 10.0% | 20.1% | 79.0% | 0.5% | 34.6% | 57.6% | 6.4% | 11.4% | 75.8% | 10.9% | 3.8% | 89.0% | 5.5% |
2015 Q1[76] | 36.5% | 58.1% | 4.3% | 20.3% | 68.4% | 9.9% | 26.1% | 72.0% | 1.2% | 38.4% | 52.3% | 7.3% | 13.4% | 73.2% | 11.2% | 3.3% | 89.6% | 6.3% |
2014 Q4[77] | 47.7% | 47.6% | 3.8% | 24.1% | 66.1% | 8.9% | 21.5% | 77.0% | 0.7% | 45.1% | 43.7% | 9.2% | 14.8% | 71.2% | 10.6% | 5.5% | 89.0% | 4.0% |
2014 Q3[78] | 32.6% | 61.8% | 4.3% | 15.4% | 73.9% | 9.2% | 15.2% | 83.4% | 0.4% | 34.7% | 58.1% | 6.2% | - | - | - | 6.1% | 88.2% | 3.6% |
2014 Q2[79] | 31.5% | 62.0% | 3.8% | 15.3% | 74.0% | 8.8% | 12.8% | 84.3% | 0.9% | 25.5% | 68.0% | 5.3% | - | - | - | 3.9% | 89.0% | 4.5% |
2014 Q1[80] | 35.9% | 57.6% | 5.3% | 19.2% | 70.7% | 8.1% | 17.9% | 80.0% | 1.0% | 33.1% | 57.3% | 6.9% | - | - | - | 3.0% | 87.6% | 5.5% |
2013 Q4[81] | 43.9% | 50.6% | 4.3% | 18.5% | 68.6% | 10.3% | 19.0% | 78.6% | 1.1% | 35.2% | 57.2% | 5.2% | - | - | - | 4.2% | 86.7% | 4.0% |
2013 Q3[82] | 35.9% | 57.3% | 4.6% | 14.6% | 71.9% | 9.8% | 13.8% | 81.1% | 2.5% | 32.9% | 55.3% | 9.3% | - | - | - | 4.3% | 83.8% | 3.4% |
2013 Q2[83] | 42.5% | 51.5% | 4% | 18.5% | 69.8% | 6.9% | 24.7% | 67.8% | 4.9% | 27.6% | 64.6% | 5.3% | - | - | - | 3.5% | 79.8% | 6.2% |
2013 Q1[84] | 43.7% | 49.3% | 5.6% | 19.4% | 68.8% | 6.5% | 24.6% | 69.4% | 2% | 31% | 61.7% | 4.1% | - | - | - | 5.8% | 76.7% | 4.7% |
2012 Q4[85] | 51.2% | 44.2% | 2.6% | 25.6% | 61.1% | 5.4% | 21.9% | 72.5% | 0.9% | 38.4% | 55.8% | 2.8% | - | - | - | 4.2% | 68.2% | 8.0% |
2012 Q4[86] | 35.7% | 57.5% | 2.9% | 16.5% | 67.1% | 4.9% | 18.6% | 65.2% | 5.7% | 23.2% | 67.1% | 4.9% | - | - | - | 5.4% | 58.1% | 8.0% |
2012 Q2[83] | 39.2% | 52.6% | 2.9% | 16.2% | 64.5% | 4.7% | 26.7% | 60.7% | 6.2% | 27.5% | 60.8% | 5.2% | - | - | - | 2.9% | 49.0% | 5.4% |
2012 Q1[84] | 44.6% | 47.9% | 3.7% | 20.4% | 58.1% | 4.1% | - | - | - | 33.8% | 52.9% | 3.3% | - | - | - | 5.3% | 48.3% | 3.8% |
Mobile internet traffic share
As of November 2013, mobile data usage showed 55.17% of mobile data traffic to be from iOS, 33.89% from Android, 4.49% from Java ME (Nokia S40), 4.12% from Symbian, 1.65% from Windows Phone and 1% from BlackBerry.[87] Many mobile browsers such as Internet Explorer Mobile, Firefox for Mobile, and Google Chrome can be switched to "Desktop view" by users, which identifies devices with the analogous desktop versions of those browsers. In these cases, the mobile usage would be excluded from these statistics.
See also
- Comparison of mobile operating systems
- List of GPS software for mobile phones
- Smartphone
- Tablet computer
- Personal digital assistant
- Smart TV
- Information appliance
- Mobile device
- RTOS
References
- ↑ Thom Holwerda, OSNews, 12 November 2013, The second operating system hiding in every mobile phone
- ↑ Jobs, Steve (2007-01-19). Macworld San Francisco 2007 Keynote Address. San Francisco: Apple, Inc.
- ↑ Helft, Miguel (2007-11-05). "Google Enters the Wireless World". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
- ↑ "Ubuntu phone OS announced, first devices shipping in early 2014".
- 1 2 3 "Gartner Says Worldwide Mobile Phone Sales Grew 35 Percent in Third Quarter 2010; Smartphone Sales Increased 96 Percent". Gartner, Inc. 2010-11-10. Table 2. Retrieved 2011-02-21.
- ↑ "ICS is coming to AOSP".
- ↑ Balky carriers and slow OEMs step aside: Google is defragging Android. Ars Technica. Retrieved 2013-12-24.
- ↑ http://techcrunch.com/2015/02/26/apple-eating-all-the-profits/
- 1 2 3 "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2014". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2015-03-26.
- 1 2 .
- ↑ "B2G – MozillaWiki". mozilla.org. 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
- ↑ Paul, Ryan (2011-07-25). "Mozilla eyes mobile OS landscape with new Boot to Gecko project". Arstechnica.com. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
- ↑ Welcome to Tizen!. Tizen.org (2011-09-27). Retrieved on 2012-07-03.
- ↑ Ricker, Thomas. (2011-09-28)MeeGo is dead: Meet Tizen, another new open source OS based on Linux. Thisismynext.com. Retrieved on 2012-07-03.
- 1 2 "Tizen 2.1 SDK and Source Code Release". Tizen.org.
- ↑ Samsung scraps Bada OS, folds it into Tizen - FierceMobileIT. Fiercemobilecontent.com (2013-02-25). Retrieved on 2013-12-09.
- ↑ http://www.theverge.com/2014/7/17/5912289/microsoft-kills-feature-phones-in-favor-of-windows-phone
- ↑ "CEO Ballmer Reportedly Says Microsoft 'Screwed Up' with Windows Mobile". eWeek. 28 September 2009.
- ↑ "iPhone drops to 24% smartphone share, Android jumps to 17%". AppleInsider. 2010-09-16. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
- ↑ "Windows Phone developers". Yeeply Windows Phone.
- ↑ "HP Confirms Discussions with Autonomy Corporation plc Regarding Possible Business Combination; Makes Other Announcements". HP. 2010-08-18. Retrieved 2011-09-13.
- ↑ "The next chapter for webOS". HP webOS Developer Blog. 2010-08-19. Retrieved 2011-09-13.
- ↑ "Open webOS::Roadmap". Open webOS Project. September 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-24.
- ↑ "Introducing the Nokia N9: all it takes is a swipe! | Nokia Conversations – The official Nokia Blog". Nokia. 2011-06-21. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
- ↑ "MeeGo Not Dead Yet as LG Continues the Charge — Mobile Technology News". Gigaom.com. 2011-04-29. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
- ↑ "Limo 4 OS Launched – Devices Expected Soon". Gadgetizor.com.
- ↑ "64 million smart phones shipped worldwide in 2006". Canalys, Inc. Retrieved 2012-01-13.
- ↑ 2010 Q4 contains insignificant part of Windows Phone devices
- 1 2 not including low cost devices
- 1 2 including low cost devices
- ↑ 2011 Q2 and the more contains insignificant part of Windows Mobile devices
- ↑ "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2015 Q3". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2015 Q2". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2015-08-21.
- 1 2 "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2015 Q1". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2015-06-09.
- ↑ "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2014 Q3". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2014-12-15.
- ↑ "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2015 Q2". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2015-08-21.
- ↑ "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2013 Q4". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2014-01-13.
- ↑ "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2013 Q3". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2013-11-14.
- ↑ "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2013 Q2". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2013-08-14.
- ↑ "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2013 Q1". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
- ↑ "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2012 Q4". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
- ↑ "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2012 Q3". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2012-11-14.
- ↑ "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2012 Q2". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2012-08-14.
- 1 2 "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2012 Q1". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- 1 2 "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2011 Q4". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- 1 2 "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2011 Q3". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- 1 2 "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2011 Q2". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- 1 2 "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2011 Q1". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- ↑ "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2010 Q4". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- ↑ "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2010 Q3". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- ↑ "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2010 Q2". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- ↑ "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2010 Q1". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- 1 2 3 4 "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2008 Q4". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- 1 2 "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2008 Q3". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- 1 2 "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2008 Q2". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- 1 2 "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2013". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2015-06-12.
- 1 2 "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2010". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2015-06-12.
- ↑ "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2009". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2015-06-12.
- ↑ "Gartner Smart Phone Marketshare 2008". Gartner, Inc. Retrieved 2015-06-12.
- ↑ including Bada OS
- ↑ including Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy and Spain
- 1 2 3 "Kantar Worldpanel ComTech’s Smartphone OS market share data". Kantar. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
- ↑ "Kantar Worldpanel ComTech’s Smartphone OS market share data Q4 2014". Kantar. Retrieved 2015-02-04.
- ↑ "Kantar Worldpanel ComTech’s Smartphone OS market share data Q3 2014". Kantar. Retrieved 2014-10-29.
- ↑ "Kantar Worldpanel ComTech’s Smartphone OS market share data Q2 2014". Kantar. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
- ↑ "Kantar Worldpanel ComTech’s Smartphone OS market share data Q1 2014". Kantar. Retrieved 2014-05-01.
- ↑ "Kantar Worldpanel ComTech’s Smartphone OS market share data Q4 2013". Kantar. Retrieved 2014-01-27.
- ↑ "Kantar Worldpanel ComTech’s Smartphone OS market share data Q3 2013". Kantar. Retrieved 2013-11-17.
- 1 2 "Kantar Worldpanel ComTech’s Smartphone OS market share data Q2 2013". Kantar. Retrieved 2013-11-17.
- 1 2 "Kantar Worldpanel ComTech’s Smartphone OS market share data Q1 2013". Kantar. Retrieved 2013-11-17.
- ↑ "Kantar Worldpanel ComTech’s Smartphone OS market share data Q4 2012". Kantar. Retrieved 2013-11-17.
- ↑ "Kantar Worldpanel ComTech’s Smartphone OS market share data Q3 2012". Kantar. Retrieved 2013-11-17.
External links
- Java ME
- Android-based smartphone shipments leapfrog Apple's iPhone
- Qualcomm Uplinq Mobile OS Developer Conference (Annual)
- Android Applications
- Mobile OS
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