Miller columns

A Miller Column browser as implemented by GNUstep. It incorporates a Shelf.

Miller columns (also known as Cascading Lists^[1]) are a browsing/visualization technique that can be applied to tree structures. The columns allow multiple levels of the hierarchy to be open at once, and provide a visual representation of the current location. It is closely related to techniques used earlier in the Smalltalk browser, but was independently invented by Mark S. Miller in 1980 at Yale University. The technique was then used at Project Xanadu, Datapoint, and NeXT.

While at Datapoint, Miller generalized the technique to browse directed graphs with labeled nodes and directed graphs with labeled nodes and arcs. In all cases, the technique is appropriate only for structures with high degree (large fanout). For low-degree structures, outline editors or graph viewers are more effective.

History

Miller columns used in the Quod Libet audio player

Miller columns are most well known today as the “Columns view” mode of the Mac OS X Finder, as well as the "Browser" view in iTunes. The columns in Finder descend directly from the NeXTSTEP File Viewer's use of Miller columns going back to 1986. The GNUstep project continues to offer a Miller column browser that closely follows the NeXT approach, bringing the advantages of a Column browser to Linux, BSD, and other operating systems with large tree structures. The iPod's browsing of categories and audio file tag attributes is reminiscent of column browsing, but only one column is visible at a time.

Many software music players implement a "tag browsing" feature that utilizes Miller columns.

Issues

Miller columns have several issues from usability standpoint:

• Requirement for horizontal scrollbars when displaying deeper folder structures
• Sort options and metadata display is limited

Use in file browsers

• Finder, the default file browser on Mac OS X, uses Miller columns in its "Columns" view.
• Path Finder is a shareware file browser for Mac OS X supporting Miller column view amongst others.^[2]
• GWorkspace, a workspace manager for GNUstep which can be used as file browser, uses Miller columns.^[3]
• ranger, a terminal-based file browser with Vi-like key bindings, uses a multi-column mode similar to Miller columns.^[4]
• evidence, an apparently obsolete file browser for Enlightenment, used Miller columns in its “browser-view”.^[5]
• Thunar, the default file browser for Xfce, used to have a branch called “columns-view” which was given up later.^[6][7][8]
• Dolphin, the default file browser of KDE, also canceled the further development of Miller columns due to too complex source code making it hard to maintain.^[9]
• Tkdesk, a file browser for the X Window System, uses Miller columns.^[10]
• Marlin is a file browser written in GTK 3 which implements Miller columns.^[11]
• Pantheon Files (or just Files, for short) is a fork of Marlin actively developed by the Elementary team.^[12][13]
• FSViewer is an obsolete file browser for Window Maker using Miller columns.^[14]
• Greg's Browser is an NeXT-inspired column browser for the Classic Mac OS.^[15]
• WinBrowser^[16] and Ultraexplorer^[17] are file browsers for Microsoft Windows supporting Miller columns.
• One Commander^[18] is a file browser for Microsoft Windows using automatically scaled Miller columns in a tabbed interface.

See also

• Shelf: NeXT GUI element that can be combined with columns to make a file manager.

References

External links

• NSBrowser The Cocoa/NextStep class that represents a generalized Miller Column widget
• RBrowser a Miller Column FTP browser that started on NeXTSTEP
• jQuery.miller.js is a jQuery plugin implementing Miller columns