Babe Didrikson Zaharias
| Babe Didrikson Zaharias | |
|---|---|
| — Golfer — | |
|
Zaharias in 1947 | |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Mildred Ella Didrikson Zaharias |
| Nickname | Babe |
| Born |
June 26, 1911 Port Arthur, Texas, U.S. |
| Died |
September 27, 1956 (aged 45) Galveston, Texas |
| Height | 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m) |
| Nationality |
 United States |
| Spouse | George Zaharias |
| Career | |
| Turned professional | 1947 |
| Retired | 1956 (her death) |
| Former tour(s) |
LPGA Tour (joined 1950, its founding) |
| Professional wins | 48 |
| Number of wins by tour | |
| LPGA Tour | 41 |
| Other | 7 |
| Best results in LPGA major championships (Wins: 10) | |
| Western Open | Won: 1940, 1944, 1945, 1950 |
| Titleholders C'ship | Won: 1947, 1950, 1952 |
| U.S. Women's Open | Won: 1948, 1950, 1954 |
| Achievements and awards | |
| World Golf Hall of Fame | 1951 (member page) |
| LPGA Tour Money Winner | 1950, 1951 |
| LPGA Vare Trophy | 1954 |
| Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year | 1932, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1950, 1954 |
| Bob Jones Award | 1957 |
| Medal record | ||
|---|---|---|
| Women's athletics | ||
| Competitor for the United States | ||
| Olympic Games | ||
.svg.png){kind=icon} | 1932 Los Angeles | 80 m hurdles |
| | 1932 Los Angeles | Javelin throw |
.svg.png){kind=icon} | 1932 Los Angeles | High jump |
Mildred Ella "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias (/zəˈhɑːriəs/; June 26, 1911 – September 27, 1956) was an American athlete who achieved a great deal of success in golf, basketball and track and field.
Biography
Mildred Ella Didrikson was born on June 26, 1911,[1] the sixth of seven children, in the coastal city of Port Arthur, Texas. Her mother, Hannah, and her father, Ole, were immigrants from Norway. Although her three eldest siblings were born in Norway, Babe and her three other siblings were born in Port Arthur. She later changed the spelling of her surname from Didriksen to Didrikson.[2] She moved with her family to 850 Doucette in Beaumont, Texas, at age 4. She claimed to have acquired the nickname "Babe" (after Babe Ruth) upon hitting five home runs in a childhood baseball game, but in reality, her Norwegian mother had called her "Bebe" from the time she was a toddler.[3]
Though best known for her athletic gifts, Didrikson had many talents and was a competitor in even the most domestic of occupations: sewing. An excellent seamstress, she made many of the clothes she wore including her golfing outfits. She claimed to have won the sewing championship at the 1931 State Fair of Texas in Dallas, but in reality won the South Texas State Fair in Beaumont, embellishing the story many years later in 1953. She attended Beaumont High School. Never a strong student, she was forced to repeat the eighth grade and was a year older than her classmates. She eventually dropped out without graduating after she moved to Dallas to play basketball.[3] She was a singer and a harmonica player and recorded several songs on the Mercury Records label. Her biggest seller was "I Felt a Little Teardrop" with "Detour" on the flip side.
Already famous as Babe Didrikson, she married George Zaharias (1908–1984), a professional wrestler, in St. Louis, Missouri, on December 23, 1938. Thereafter, she was largely known as Babe Didrikson Zaharias or Babe Zaharias. The couple met while playing golf. George Zaharias, a Greek American, was a native of Pueblo, Colorado. Called the "Crying Greek from Cripple Creek," Zaharias also did some part-time acting. The Zahariases had no children and were rebuffed by authorities when they sought to adopt.
Athletic achievements
Didrikson gained world fame in track and field and All-American status in basketball. She played organized baseball and softball and was an expert diver, roller-skater, and bowler. She won two gold medals and one silver medal for track and field in the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics.[4]
At the Olympics, in the 80 meter hurdles, she equaled the world record of 11.8 seconds in her opening heat. In the final, she broke her record with an 11.7 clocking, taking gold. In the javelin, she also won gold with an Olympic record throw of 43.69 meters.
In the high jump, she took silver with a world record-tying leap of 1.657 metres (5.44 ft). Fellow American Jean Shiley also jumped 1.657 metres, and the pair tied in a jump off when the bar was raised to 1.67 metres (5.5 ft), but Shiley was awarded the gold after Didrickson was ruled to have used an improper technique.
AAU champion
Didrikson's first job after high school was as a secretary for the Employers' Casualty Insurance Company of Dallas, though she was only employed in order to play basketball as an amateur on the company's "industrial team", the Golden Cyclones.[5] As a side note, the competition was then governed by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU). Despite leading the team to an AAU Basketball Championship in 1931,[6] Didrikson first achieved wider attention as a track and field athlete.
Representing her company in the 1932 AAU Championships, she competed in eight out of ten events, winning five outright, and tying for first in a sixth. Didrikson's performances were enough to win the team championship, despite her being the sole member of her team.[2]
Post-Olympics
In the following years, she performed on the vaudeville circuit, traveled with teams like Babe Didrikson's All-Americans basketball team and the bearded House of David (commune) team. Didrikson was also a competitive pocket billiards (pool) player, though not a champion. She was noted in the January 1933 press for playing (and badly losing) a multi-day straight pool match in New York City against famed female cueist Ruth McGinnis.[7]
Golf
By 1935, she began to play golf, a latecomer to the sport in which she became the most famous. Shortly thereafter, she was denied amateur status, and so, in January 1938, she competed in the Los Angeles Open, a men's PGA (Professional Golfers' Association) tournament, a feat no other woman tried until Annika Sörenstam, Suzy Whaley and Michelle Wie almost six decades later. She shot 81 and 84, and she missed the cut. In the tournament, she was teamed with George Zaharias. They were married eleven months later, and lived in Tampa, Florida on the premises of a golf course that they purchased in 1951.
She went on to become America's first female golf celebrity and the leading player of the 1940s and early 1950s. If she had wanted to gain back her amateur status, she would have had to play no other sports for three years. After gaining back her amateur status in 1942, she won the 1946 U.S. Women's Amateur and the 1947 British Ladies Amateur – the first American to do so – and three Women's Western Opens. Having formally turned professional in 1947, she dominated the Women's Professional Golf Association and later the Ladies Professional Golf Association, of which she was a founding member. Serious illness ended her career in the mid-1950s.
Zaharias won a tournament named after her, the Babe Zaharias Open of Beaumont, Texas. She won the 1947 Titleholders Championship and the 1948 U.S. Women's Open for her fourth and fifth major championships. She won 17 straight women's amateur victories, a feat never equaled by anyone. By 1950, she had won every golf title available. Totaling both her amateur and professional victories, Zaharias won a total of 82 golf tournaments.
Charles McGrath of The New York Times wrote of Zaharias, "Except perhaps for Arnold Palmer, no golfer has ever been more beloved by the gallery".[8]
Golfing awards
While Zaharias missed the cut in the 1938 PGA Tour event, later, as she became more experienced, she made the cut in every PGA Tour event she entered. In January 1945, Zaharias played in three PGA tournaments. She shot 76-76 to qualify for the Los Angeles Open.[9] She then shot 76-81 to make the two-day cut in the tournament itself, but missed the three-day cut after a 79, making her the first (and currently only) woman in history to make the cut in a regular PGA Tour event. She continued her cut streak at the Phoenix Open, where she shot 77-72-75-80, finishing in 33rd place.[9] At the Tucson Open, she qualified by shooting 74-81 and then shot a 307 in the tournament and finished tied for 42nd.[9] Unlike other female golfers competing in men's events, she got into the Los Angeles[10] and Tucson Opens through 36-hole qualifiers, as opposed to a sponsor's exemption.[11]
In 1948, she became the first woman to attempt to qualify for the U.S. Open, but her application was rejected by the USGA. They stated that the event was intended to be open to men only.[12]
Last years
Zaharias had her greatest year in 1950 when she completed the Grand Slam of the three women's majors of the day: the U.S. Open, the Titleholders Championship, and the Women's Western Open, a feat which made her the leader on the money list that year. Also that year, she reached 10 wins faster than any other LPGA golfer, doing so in one year and 20 days, a record that still stands. She was the leading money-winner again in 1951, and in 1952 took another major with a Titleholders victory, but illness prevented her from playing a full schedule in 1952-53. This did not stop her from becoming the fastest player to reach 20 wins (two years and four months).
She was a close friend of fellow golfer Betty Dodd. According to Susan Cayleff's biography Babe, Dodd was quoted as to saying "I had such admiration for this fabulous person [Zaharias]. I loved her. I would have done anything for her."[13] They met in a 1950 amateur golf tournament in Miami and became close almost immediately. "As Didrikson's marriage grew increasingly troubled, she spent more time with Dodd. The women toured together on the golf circuit, and eventually Dodd moved in with Zaharias and Didrikson. Victims of the homophobia of the times, they never used the word "lesbian" to describe their relationship, but there is little doubt that Dodd and Didrikson were intimate and loving partners."[1][13][14]
Zaharias was diagnosed with colon cancer in 1953, and after undergoing surgery, she made a comeback in 1954. She took the Vare Trophy for lowest scoring average, her only win of that trophy, and her 10th and final major with a U.S. Women's Open championship, one month after the surgery and while wearing a colostomy bag. With this win, she became the second-oldest woman to win a major LPGA championship tournament (behind Fay Crocker). Babe Zaharias now stands third to Crocker and Sherri Steinhauer. These wins made her the fastest player to reach 30 wins (five years and 22 days).[11] In addition to continuing tournament play, she also served as the president of the LPGA from August 1952 to July 1955.[15]
Her colon cancer recurred in 1955, and despite her limited schedule of eight golfing events that season, she managed to gain her last two wins in competitive golf. On September 27, 1956, Zaharias died of her illness at the age of forty-five at the John Sealy Hospital in Galveston, Texas. At the time of her death, she was still a top-ranked female golfer. She and her husband established the Babe Zaharias Fund to support cancer clinics.[16] She is buried at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Beaumont, Texas.
Legacy
She was named the 10th Greatest North American Athlete of the 20th Century by ESPN,[17] and the 9th Greatest Athlete of the 20th Century by the Associated Press.
Zaharias broke the accepted models of femininity in her time, including the accepted models of female athleticism. Standing 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m) tall and weighing 115 lb (52 kg),[18] Zaharias was physically strong and socially straightforward about her strength. Although a sports hero to many, she was also derided for her "manliness".[2]
Zaharias was inducted into the Hall of Fame of Women's Golf in 1951. In 1957, she posthumously received the Bob Jones Award, the highest honor given by the United States Golf Association in recognition of distinguished sportsmanship in golf. It was accepted by her husband George, four months after her death.[19] She was one of six initial inductees into the LPGA Hall of Fame at its inception in 1977.
Zaharias has a museum dedicated to her in Beaumont, Texas, the Babe Didrikson Zaharias Museum. Several golf courses are named after her. A Tampa, Florida golf course that she and her husband owned, the Babe Zaharias Golf Course, was given landmark status.
In 1981, the U.S. Postal Service issued an 18 cent stamp commemorating Zaharias.[20][21]
Contemporary impressions
It would be much better if she and her ilk stayed at home, got themselves prettied up and waited for the phone to ring.
Williams' remark typified the attitude of some toward women who did not fit the traditional ideals of femininity current in the first half of the 20th century. However, in the same time period, the Associated Press chose her as the "Female Athlete of the Year" six times for track & field and for golfing, and, in 1950, overwhelmingly voted for her as the "Greatest Female Athlete of the First Half of the Century".[2] Aside from her impact on the women and girls of her time, she impressed seasoned sportswriters also:
She is beyond all belief until you see her perform...Then you finally understand that you are looking at the most flawless section of muscle harmony, of complete mental and physical coordination, the world of sport has ever seen.
Modern-day
The Associated Press followed up its 1950 declaration fifty years later by voting Zaharias the Woman Athlete of the 20th Century in 1999. In 2000, Sports Illustrated magazine also named her second on its list of the Greatest Female Athletes of All Time, behind the heptathlete Jackie Joyner-Kersee. She is also in the World Golf Hall of Fame. Zaharias is the highest ranked woman, at #10, on ESPN's list of the 50 top athletes of the 20th century. In 2000, she was ranked as the 17th greatest golfer, and the second-greatest woman player (after Mickey Wright) by Golf Digest magazine.[22] Her exploits were referenced by the irreverent comedy program Family Guy, in which her name and deeds were used as part of an "extended" version to the theme of the television series Maude. Zaharias was also mentioned on the Simpsons episode, "The Devil Wears Nada," as the costume Marge Simpson wears when she poses for a racy charity calendar.
She broke the mold of what a lady golfer was supposed to be. The ideal in the 20s and 30s was Joyce Wethered, a willowy Englishwoman with a picture-book swing that produced elegant shots but not especially long ones. Zaharias developed a grooved athletic swing reminiscent of Lee Trevino's, and she was so strong off the tee that a fellow Texan, the great golfer Byron Nelson, once said that he knew of only eight men who could outdrive her. "It's not enough just to swing at the ball," Babe said. "You've got to loosen your girdle and really let the ball have it."— journalist Charles McGrath, New York Times[8]
Zaharias penned an autobiography This Life I've Led. It is no longer in print but is available in many libraries.[18]
In 1975, the film Babe, based on Zaharias' life, was released, with Susan Clark playing the lead role (for which Clark would win an Emmy Award). Alex Karras played George Zaharias. Clark and Karras met while making the picture and later married.[18]
In 2014 Zaharias was inducted into the Legacy Walk, an outdoor public display which celebrates LGBT history and people.[23][24]
Babe Zaharias Golf Course
In 1949 Zaharias purchased a golf course in the Forest Hills area of Tampa and lived nearby. After her death, the golf course was sold. It lay dormant as developers attempted to acquire the land for residential housing.
In 1974 the City of Tampa took over the golf course, renovated it, and reopened it, naming it the Babe Zaharias Golf Course. At some point afterward, it was accorded historical-landmark status.[25]
California course
In 1980, the Industry Hills Golf Club at Pacific Palms Resort in City of Industry, California built two courses, The Ike and The Zaharias.[26] The courses were designed by William F. Bell (original design) & Casey O'Callaghan (renovation). In 2010 the courses together won the National Golf Course Owners Association's California Golf Course of the Year Award.[27]
"This 18-hole course is named for Babe Didrikson Zaharias, one of America 's most decorated all-around athletes... This par 71 features slope ratings ranging from 126 to 138, making the course worthy of the great athlete for which it is named."— Industry Hills Golf Club at Pacific Palms Resort Website[26]
In the media
Zaharias appeared as a guest on the ABC reality show, The Comeback Story (1953-1954), explaining her attempts to battle colon cancer, which thereafter still claimed her life.[28]
In 1952, she appeared in the Spencer Tracy-Katharine Hepburn film Pat and Mike.
In 1975, Susan Clark portrayed Zaharias in a biographic TV movie entitled "Babe".
In 2007, Carolyn Gage began work on Babe, a full-chorus, full-orchestra musical about Zaharias.[29]
In June 2011, Little, Brown published a major biography of Zaharias, Wonder Girl, by author Don Van Natta, Jr.[5][30]
Family Guy has made numerous references to Babe Zaharias being one of the greatest Americans to have lived.
In season 21 of The Simpsons, Marge dresses up as Zaharias for her Charity Chicks calendar with a history theme. Marge also refers to her as the female Tiger Woods of the 20th century.
On August 26, 2014, her story was portrayed in a "Sport Heroes" episode of the Comedy Central series Drunk History; Didrikson Zaharias was played by Emily Deschanel.
Amateur wins
This list is incomplete:
- 1935 Texas Women’s Amateur
- 1946 U.S. Women's Amateur, Women's Trans-Mississippi Amateur
- 1947 North and South Women's Amateur, British Ladies Amateur
Professional wins
LPGA Tour wins (41)
- 1940 (1) Women's Western Open (as an amateur)
- 1944 (1) Women's Western Open (as an amateur)
- 1945 (1) Women's Western Open (as an amateur)
- 1947 (2) Tampa Open, Titleholders Championship (as an amateur)
- 1948 (3) All American Open, World Championship, U.S. Women's Open
- 1949 (2) World Championship, Eastern Open
- 1950 (8) Titleholders Championship, Pebble Beach Weathervane, Cleveland Weathervane, 144 Hole Weathervane, Women's Western Open, All American Open, World Championship, U.S. Women's Open
- 1951 (9) Ponte Verde Beach Women's Open, Tampa Women's Open, Lakewood Weathervane, Richmond Women's Open, Valley Open, Meridian Hills Weathervane, All American Open, World Championship, Women's Texas Open
- 1952 (5) Miami Weathervane, Titleholders Championship, Bakersfield Open (tied with Marlene Hagge, Betty Jameson and Betsy Rawls), Fresno Open, Women's Texas Open
- 1953 (2) Sarasota Open, Babe Zaharias Open
- 1954 (5) Serbin Open, Sarasota Open, Damon Runyon Cancer Fund Tournament, U.S. Women's Open, All American Open
- 1955 (2) Tampa Open, Peach Blossom Open
LPGA Majors are shown in bold.
Other wins
- 1940 Women's Texas Open
- 1945 Women's Texas Open
- 1946 All American Open, Women's Texas Open
- 1947 Hardscrabble Open
- 1951 Orlando Florida 2-Ball (with George Bolesta)
- 1952 Orlando Mixed (with Al Besselink)
Major championships
Wins (10)
| Year | Championship | Winning score | Margin | Runner-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1940 | Women's Western Open | 5 & 4 | Mrs. Russell Mann | |
| 1944 | Women's Western Open | 7 & 5 | Dorothy Germain (a) | |
| 1945 | Women's Western Open | 4 & 2 | Dorothy Germain (a) | |
| 1947 | Titleholders Championship | +4 (78-81-71-74=304) | 5 strokes | Dorothy Kirby (a) |
| 1948 | U.S. Women's Open | E (75-72-75-78=300) | 8 strokes | Betty Hicks |
| 1950 | Titleholders Championship | +10 (72-78-73-75=298) | 8 strokes | Claire Doran (a) |
| 1950 | Women's Western Open | 5 & 3 | Peggy Kirk | |
| 1950 | U.S. Women's Open | −9 (75-76-70-70=291) | 9 strokes | Betsy Rawls (a) |
| 1952 | Titleholders Championship | +11 (74-73-73-79=299) | 7 strokes | Betsy Rawls |
| 1954 | U.S. Women's Open | +3 (72-71-73-75=291) | 12 strokes | Betty Hicks |
See also
References
- 1 2 Gianoulis, Tina. "Didrikson, Mildred "Babe" (1911-1956)" (PDF). glbtq Archives. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Schwartz, Larry. "Didrikson was a woman ahead of her time". ESPN. Retrieved September 9, 2007.
- 1 2 Van Natta Jr., Don (June 2011). Wonder Girl: The Magnificent Sporting Life of Babe Didrikson Zaharias. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-05699-1.
- ↑ "Record of Achievement". babedidriksonzaharias.org. Retrieved April 22, 2007.
- 1 2 "Remembering A 'Babe' Sports Fans Shouldn't Forget". NPR. June 26, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
- ↑ Ikard, p. 33
- ↑ "Babe Didrikson Gets Trouncing at Billiards". San Antonio Express (San Antonio, Texas): 9. January 16, 1933.
- 1 2 McGrath, Charles (1996). "Most Valuable Player". New York Times Magazine. Archived from the original on May 16, 2007. Retrieved April 22, 2007.
- 1 2 3 PGA TOUR 2007 Guide. PGA Tour. 2006. pp. 6–8.
- ↑ "Coltart Smashes Par Seven Shots At Los Angeles". The Evening Independent (St. Petersburg, Florida). AP. January 4, 1945. p. 15. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- 1 2 Kelley, Brent. "Babe Didrikson Zaharias". About.com. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ↑ "The Babe 'Not Welcome' In National Open Play". The Telegraph Herald (Dubuque, Iowa). AP. April 7, 1948. p. 11. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- 1 2 Cayleff, Susan E. (1996). Babe: The Life and Legend of Babe Didrikson Zaharias. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06593-4.
- ↑ Cayleff, Susan E. Babe Didrikson: The greatest all-sport athlete of all time. Conari Press, 2000.
- ↑ "Babe Zaharias Bio". LPGA. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
- ↑ "Babe Zaharias Dies. Athlete Had Cancer". The New York Times. September 29, 1956. Archived from the original on May 24, 2007. Retrieved April 22, 2007.
Mrs. Mildred (Babe) Didrikson Zaharias, famed woman athlete, died of cancer in John Sealy Hospital here this morning. She was 42 years old. Mrs. Zaharias had been under treatment since 1953, when the malignant condition was discovered after she had won a golf tournament. ...
- ↑ "Top N. American athletes of the century". ESPN. Retrieved September 30, 2008.
- 1 2 3 "FAQs". Beaumont, Texas: Babe Didrikson Zaharias Foundation. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
- ↑ "Bob Jones Trophy awarded to late great Babe Zaharias". Reading Eagle. Associated Press. January 27, 1957. p. 26.
- ↑ "Postal service honors athletes". Milwaukee Journal. September 6, 1981. p. 8, part 4.
- ↑ "American Sports Personalities". United States Postal Service. Retrieved October 2013.
- ↑ Yocom, Guy (July 2000). "50 Greatest Golfers of All Time: And What They Taught Us". Golf Digest. Retrieved December 5, 2007.
- ↑ "Legacy Walk honors LGBT 'guardian angels'". Chicago Tribune. October 11, 2014.
- ↑ "PHOTOS: 7 LGBT Heroes Honored With Plaques in Chicago's Legacy Walk". Advocate.com.
- ↑ "Babe Zaharias Golf Course History". Babe Zaharias Golf Course. Archived from the original on February 2, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007.
- 1 2 "The Zaharias (The Babe)". Industry Hills Golf Club at Pacific Palms Resort. Archived from the original on January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
- ↑ "2010 Chapter Courses of the Year". National Golf Course Owners Association. Archived from the original on January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
- ↑ Marsh, Earle and Brooks, Tim , The Complete Directory to Prime-Time Network and Cable Television Shows, 1946- Present, p. 237
- ↑ Aimee, Heather (January 26, 2007). "Lesbians Take to the Stage". LOGOonline.com. Retrieved April 22, 2007.
- ↑ Niebuhr, Kieth (June 26, 2007). "Book to be focus on legend Zaharias' life, achievements". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved October 13, 2007.
Bibliography
- Cayleff, Susan E. (1996). Babe: The Life and Legend of Babe Didrikson Zaharias. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06593-4.
- Ikard, Robert W. (2005). Just for Fun: The Story of AAU Women's Basketball. The University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 978-1557288899.
- Klawans, Harold L. (1996). 'Why Michael Couldn't Hit and Other Tales of the Neurology of Sports. W.H. Freeman & Company. ISBN 978-0-7167-3001-9.
- Van Natta Jr., Don (2011). Wonder Girl: The Magnificent Sporting Life of Babe Didrikson Zaharias. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-05699-1.
- Zaharias, Babe Didrikson (1955). This Life I've Led: My Autobiography. New York A.S Barns & Co. ASIN B0018EAHXW.
External links
- Babe, a 1975 TV movie biography, at The Internet Movie Database
- Babe Didrikson Zaharias Photos held by the Library of Congress.
- Babe Didrikson Zaharias at the LPGA Tour official site
- Babe Didrikson Zaharias biography at Golf.about.com
- "Babe Didrikson Zaharias's Legacy Fades," The New York Times, June 25, 2011
- Babe Didrickson Zaharias - Note: Although this is the official site of the Babe Didrickson Zaharias Foundation, this site once contained a number of notable factual errors which have since been corrected. For example, it stated that she won all of the events she entered at the 1932 Olympic games when in fact she won two of the three. It stated that she graduated from high school; she did not. And it stated that she did not smoke, which is also not true.
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