Michigan State University

Michigan State University

Motto	Advancing Knowledge. Transforming Lives.
Type	Flagship Public Land grant Sea grant
Established	February 12, 1855
Endowment	$2.275 billion (2015)[1]
President	Lou Anna Simon
Academic staff	5,300[2]
Administrative staff	6,800[2]
Students	50,543[2]
Undergraduates	39,143[2]
Postgraduates	11,400[2]
Location	East Lansing, Michigan, United States
Campus	Suburban (21 km2) campus 10,000 acres (8 km2) in existing or planned development
Colors	Green, white[3]
Athletics	NCAA Division I – Big Ten
Sports	25 varsity teams (12 men's & 13 women's)
Nickname	Spartans
Mascot	Sparty
Affiliations	AAU ORAU CIC URA APLU
Website	www.msu.edu

Michigan State University (MSU) is a public research university located in East Lansing, Michigan, United States. MSU was founded in 1855 and became the nation's first land-grant institution under the Morrill Act of 1862, serving as a model for future land-grant universities.^[4] The university was originally founded as the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan, one of the first institutions of higher education in the country to teach scientific agriculture.^[5] Following the introduction of the Morrill Act, the college became coeducational and expanded its curriculum beyond agriculture. Today, MSU is the eighth-largest university in the United States (in terms of enrollment) and has approximately 540,000 living alumni worldwide.^[2]

MSU pioneered the studies of packaging, hospitality business, plant biology, supply chain management, music therapy, and communication sciences. Michigan State frequently ranks among the top 30 public universities in the United States and the top 100 research universities in the world.^{[6][7][8][9][10]} U.S. News & World Report ranks many of its graduate programs among the best in the nation including African history, criminology, industrial and organizational psychology, educational psychology, elementary and secondary education, osteopathic medicine, nuclear physics, rehabilitation counseling, supply chain/logistics, and veterinary medicine. MSU is a member of the Association of American Universities, an organization of 62 leading research universities in North America. The university's campus houses the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, the W.J. Beal Botanical Garden, the Abrams Planetarium, the Wharton Center for Performing Arts, the Broad Art Museum, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, and the largest residence hall system in the country.^[11]

MSU's Division I sports teams are called the Spartans, which compete in the Big Ten Conference. MSU's football team won the Rose Bowl in 1954, 1956, 1988 and 2014 and six national championships.^[12] Its men's basketball team won the NCAA National Championship in 1979 and 2000 and has enjoyed a streak of seven Final Four appearances since the 1998-1999 season. Its men's ice hockey won national titles in 1966, 1986 and 2007.

History

Agriculture school

The Michigan Constitution of 1850 called for the creation of an "agricultural school,"^[13] though it was not until February 12, 1855, that Michigan Governor Kinsley S. Bingham signed a bill establishing the United States' first agriculture college, the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan.^[14] Classes began on May 13, 1857, with three buildings, five faculty members, and 63 male students. The first president, Joseph R. Williams, designed a curriculum that required more scientific study than practically any undergraduate institution of the era. It balanced science, liberal arts, and practical training. The curriculum excluded Latin and Greek studies, since most applicants did not study any classical languages in their rural high schools. However, it did require three hours of daily manual labor, which kept costs down for both the students and the College.^[15] Despite Williams' innovations and his defense of education for the masses, the State Board of Education saw Williams' curriculum as elitist. They forced him to resign in 1859 and reduced the curriculum to a two-year vocational program.

Land Grant pioneer

In 1860, Williams became acting lieutenant governor^[16] and helped pass the Reorganization Act of 1861. This gave the College a four-year curriculum and the power to grant master's degrees. Under the act, a newly created body, known as the State Board of Agriculture, took over from the State Board of Education in running the institution.^[14] The College changed its name to State Agricultural College, and its first class graduated in the same year. As the Civil War had just begun, there was no time for an elaborate graduation ceremony. The first alumni enlisted to the Union Army. Williams died, and the following year, Abraham Lincoln signed the First Morrill Act of 1862 to support similar colleges, making the Michigan school a national model.

Co-ed college

The college first admitted women in 1870, although at that time there were no female residence halls. The few women who enrolled either boarded with faculty families or made the arduous stagecoach trek from Lansing. From the early days, female students took the same rigorous scientific agriculture courses as male students. In 1896, the faculty created a "Women Course" that melded a home economics curriculum with liberal arts and sciences. That same year, the College turned the old Abbot Hall male dorm into a women's dormitory. It was not until 1899 that the State Agricultural College admitted its first African American student, William O. Thompson. After graduation, he taught at what is now Tuskegee University. President Jonathan L. Snyder invited its president Booker T. Washington to be the Class of 1900 commencement speaker. A few years later, Myrtle Craig became the first woman African-American student to enroll at the College. Along with the Class of 1907, she received her degree from U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, commencement speaker for the Semi-Centennial celebration. The City of East Lansing was incorporated in that same year,^[17] and two years later the college officially changed its name to Michigan Agricultural College (M.A.C.).

Big Ten university

During the early 20th century, M.A.C. expanded its curriculum well beyond agriculture. By 1925 it had expanded enough that it changed its name to Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science (M.S.C.). In 1941 the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, John A. Hannah, became president of the College. He began the largest expansion in the institution's history, with the help of the 1945 G.I. Bill, which helped World War II veterans to receive an education. One of Hannah's strategies was to build a new dormitory building, enroll enough students to fill it, and use the income to start construction on a new dormitory. Under his plan, enrollment increased from 15,000 in 1950 to 38,000 in 1965.^[18] In 1957 Hannah continued MSU's expansion by co-founding Michigan State University–Oakland, now Oakland University, with Matilda Dodge Wilson. Hannah also got the chance to improve the athletic reputation of M.S.C. when the University of Chicago resigned from the Big Ten Conference in 1946. Hannah lobbied hard to take its place, gaining admission in 1949.^[19] Six years later, in its Centennial year of 1955, the State of Michigan renamed the College as Michigan State University of Agriculture and Applied Science.^[20] Nine years after that, the University governing body changed its name from the State Board of Agriculture to the MSU Board of Trustees. The State of Michigan^[21] allowed the University to drop the words "Agriculture and Applied Science" from its name. Since 1964 the institution has gone by the name of Michigan State University.

Oakland University

In 1957, the donation of 1,500 acres (6.1 km²) in Pontiac Township, Oakland County, Michigan prompted creation of Michigan State University – Oakland. That campus became the independent school, Oakland University, in 1970.^[22]

Global leader by 2012

Since the end of the Hannah era in 1969, Michigan State has shifted its focus from increasing the size of its student body to advancing its national and global reputation. In September 2005, current president Lou Anna Simon called for MSU, one of the public ivy institutions, to become the global model leader for Land Grant institutions by the year 2012. Her plans include creating a new residential college and increasing grants awarded from the National Institutes of Health past the US$100 million mark. While there are over 100 Land-grant universities in the United States, she has stated that she would like Michigan State University to be the leader.^[24]

Michigan State, the University of Michigan and Wayne State University created the University Research Corridor in 2006.^[25] This alliance was formed to transform and strengthen Michigan's economy by reaching out to businesses, policymakers, innovators, investors and the public to speed up technology transfer, make resources more accessible and help attract new jobs to the state.^[25]

Sexual assault investigation

On May 1, 2014, Michigan State University was named one of fifty-five higher education institutions under investigation by the Office of Civil Rights “for possible violations of federal law over the handling of sexual violence and harassment complaints” by Barack Obama's White House Task Force To Protect Students from Sexual Assault.^[26] "The investigation at Michigan State involves its response to sexual harassment and sexual assault complaints involving students," according to one reporter.^[27] It was later reported in the same paper that "An investigation by the U.S. Department of Education into how Michigan State University handles sexual assault complaints was spurred by an incident in Wonders Hall in August 2010, a spokesman said."^[28]

Campus

MSU's sprawling campus is located in East Lansing, Michigan. The campus is perched on the banks of the Red Cedar River. Development of the campus started in 1856 with three buildings: a multipurpose building called College Hall, a dormitory later called "Saints' Rest",^[29] and a barn. Today, MSU's contiguous campus consists of 5,200 acres (21 km²), 2,000 acres (8.1 km²) of which are developed. There are 556 buildings: 100 for academics, 131 for agriculture, 166 for housing and food service, and 42 for athletics. Overall, the university has 22,763,025 square feet (2,114,754.2 m²) of indoor space.^[30] Connecting it all is 26 miles (42 km) of roads and 100 miles (160 km) of sidewalks.^[31] MSU also owns 44 non-campus properties, totaling 22,000 acres (89 km²) in 28 different counties.^[32]

North campus

The oldest part of campus lies on the north bank of the Red Cedar.^[33] It includes Collegiate Gothic architecture, plentiful trees, and curving roads with few straight lines. The College built its first three buildings here, of which none survive. Other historic buildings north of the river include the president's official residence, Cowles House, and Beaumont Tower, a carillon clock tower marking the site of College Hall, the original classroom building. To the east lies Eustace–Cole Hall, America's first freestanding horticulture laboratory.^[34] Other landmarks include the bronze statue of former president John A. Hannah,^[35] the W. J. Beal Botanical Garden, and the painted boulder known as "The Rock", which is a popular spot for theatre, tailgating, and candlelight vigils. On the northwest corner of campus lies the University's hotel, the Kellogg Hotel and Conference Center. The university also has a museum, initiated in 1857. MSU Museum is one of the oldest museums in the Midwest and is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums.^[36]

South campus

The campus south of the river consists mostly of post-World War II International Style buildings, and is characterized by sparser foliage, relatively straight roadways, and many parking lots. The "2020 Vision" Master Plan proposes replacing these parking lots with parking ramps and green space,^[37] but these plans will take many years to reach fruition. As part of the master plan, the University erected a new bronze statue of The Spartan in 2005 to be placed at the intersection of Chestnut and Kalamazoo, just south of the Red Cedar River. This replica replaced the original modernist terra cotta statue,^[38] which can still be seen inside Spartan Stadium. Notable academic and research buildings on the South Campus include the Cyclotron and the College of Law.

This part of campus is home to the MSU Horticulture Gardens and the adjoining 4-H Children's Garden. South of the gardens lie the Canadian National and CSX railroads, which divide the main campus from thousands of acres of university-owned farmland. The university's agricultural facilities include the Horse, Dairy Cattle, Beef Cattle, Sheep, and Poultry Teaching and Research Farms, as well as the Air Quality Control Lab and the Diagnostics Center for Population and Animal Health.

Kellogg Hotel and Conference Center

The Kellogg Hotel and Conference Center doubles as a 4-star hotel and a business friendly conference center. It is located on the northwest corner of Michigan State University's campus, across from the Brody Complex, on Harrison Road just south of Michigan Avenue. The hotel has 160 rooms and suites which can accommodate anyone staying in East Lansing for a business conference, sporting event or an on-campus visit, but it originally served as a dormitory for MSU students. Besides a lodging facility, the Kellogg Hotel and Conference Center serves as a "learning laboratory for the 300–400 students each year that are enrolled in The School of Hospitality Business and other majors." The Kellogg Hotel and Conference Center strives to facilitate education by hosting conferences and seminars.^[39]

Dubai Campus

MSU currently runs a small campus at Dubai Knowledge Village, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.^[40] It offered at first only one program, a master's program in human resources and labor relations. In 2011 it added a master's program in Public Health. In April 2012, MSU Dubai announced that it hopes to begin in 2013 two programs in law: a LL.M program as well as a Master of Jurisprudence program.^[41]

Previously, MSU established an education center in Dubai offering six undergraduate programs, thereby becoming the first American university with a presence in Dubai International Academic City. The University attracted 100 students in 2007, its first year,^[42] but the school was unable to achieve the 100-150 new students per year needed for the program to be viable, and in 2010 MSU closed the program and the campus.^[41][43][44]

Academics

Admissions

Michigan State offers a rolling admissions system, with an early admission deadline in October. MSU is considered "more selective" by the U.S. News & World Report.^[45] Its admissions are difficult; for 2009's entering class, the 25th/75th percentiles for the SAT were 1030 and 1240/1600, and its 25th/75th percentiles on the ACT were 23 and 27/36.^[46]

For Fall 2014, MSU received over 33,000 freshman applications, which is a record for the school, and admitted 66.1% applicants. Incoming freshman had an average high school GPA of 3.66.

Fall Freshman Statistics^[47]

	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009
Applicants	33,211	31,479	30,340	28,416	26,907	25,349
Admits	21,950	21,610	21,340	20,728	18,829	18,383
% Admitted	66.1	68.6	70.3	72.9	69.9	72.5
Enrolled	7,842	7,842	8,154	7,782	7,174	7,209
Avg GPA	3.66	3.62	3.62	3.61	3.61	3.60
Avg ACT	25.7	25.5	25.6	25.5	25.4	25.0
Avg SAT Composite*	1123	1127	1127	1125	1132	1146
*(out of 1600)

MSU has the seventh largest student body in the U.S. For the fiscal year of 2009–10, the Office of the Registrar conferred 11,140 degrees.^[48] The student body is 55% female and 45% male. While 89% of students come from all 83 counties in the State of Michigan,^[49] also represented are all 50 states in the U.S. and about 130 other countries.^[2] In 2011–2012, 5,898 international students enrolled at MSU. The top five countries represented: China, Korea, India, Taiwan and Canada.^[50] According to a Brookings Institution report analyzing foreign student visa approvals from 2008-2012, MSU has the third-highest enrollment of Chinese international students in the United States, with roughly 4,700 Chinese citizens enrolled during the period of the study.^[51] MSU has about 4,500 faculty and 6,000 staff members, and a student/faculty ratio of 19:1.^[52] Listed as a Public Ivy,^[53] Michigan State is a member of the Association of American Universities. Michigan State University Ombudsman is the longest continually operating ombudsman office at a college or university in the country.^[54] MSU's study abroad program is the largest of any single-campus university in the United States with 2,461 students studying abroad in 2004–2005 in over 60 countries on all continents, including Antarctica.^[55] MSU has six faculty members elected to the National Academy of Sciences (NAS); Martin Bukovac (1983), James Dye (1989), Pamela Fraker (2007), Richard Lenski (2006), Michael Thomashow (2003), and James Tiedje (2003).^[56]

Rankings

University rankings
National
ARWU[57]	50
Forbes[58]	169
U.S. News & World Report[59]	75
Washington Monthly[60]	33
Global
ARWU[61]	99
QS[62]	164
Times[63]	99

Michigan State ranks 99th in the world in 2015, according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities.^[64] In its 2015-16 rankings, Times Higher Education World University Rankings also ranked it 99th in the world.^[65] The 2015 QS World University Rankings placed Michigan State University at 164th internationally.^[66] In its 2016 edition, U.S. News & World Report ranked it as tied for the 29th-best public university in the United States, tied for 75th nationally and tied for 82nd globally.^[67]

The university has over 200 academic programs. U.S. News ranked MSU's graduate-level programs in elementary teacher's education, secondary teacher's education, industrial and organizational psychology, and nuclear physics first in the nation for 2016.^[67] U.S. News also ranks MSU third nationally for graduate education in African history and fourth nationally for graduate education in Educational Psychology.^[67]

The Eli Broad College of Business was ranked No. 42nd among undergraduate institutions nationally by Businessweek. Ninety-four percent of the school's graduates received job offers in 2014.^[68] The 2016 U.S. News ranked Michigan State's undergraduate supply chain management/logistics program in the Eli Broad College of Business 1st in the nation.^[67] In addition, the Eli Broad College of Business undergraduate accounting program is ranked 13th, the master's accounting program is ranked 15th, and the doctoral program is ranked 11th, according to the 2013 Public Accounting Report's Annual Survey of Accounting Professors.^[69] The MBA program is ranked 19th in the U.S. by Forbes magazine.^[70]

The College of Communication Arts and Sciences was established in 1955 and was the first of its kind in the United States.^[71] The college's Media and Information Studies doctoral program was ranked No. 2 in 2007 by The Chronicle of Higher Education in the category of mass communication.^[71] The communication doctoral program was ranked No. 4 in a separate category of communication in The Chronicle of Higher Education's 2005 Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index, published in 2007.^[71] The college's faculty and alumni include eight Pulitzer Prize winners and a two-time Emmy Award winning recording mixer.^[71]

Other programs of note include criminal justice,^[72] hospitality business,^[73] packaging,^[74] political science,^[75] dietetics^[76] and communications.^[77] The Sustainable Endowments Institute awarded Michigan State with an overall grade of "B" on the 2009 Campus Sustainability Survey, including "A"s in the categories of Administration, Transportation, Endowment Transparency, and Investment Policies.^[78]

Collections and Museum

The Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum is the contemporary art museum of the university. Michigan State University Libraries comprise the 29th largest academic library system in North America with over 4.9 million volumes and 6.7 million microforms.^[79]

Research

The university has a long history of academic research, and in 2013–14 spent $528 million toward it.^[2] In 1877, botany professor William J. Beal performed the first documented genetic crosses to produce hybrid corn, which led to increased yields. MSU dairy professor G. Malcolm Trout invented the process for the homogenization of milk in the 1930s. In the 1960s, MSU scientists developed cisplatin, a leading cancer fighting drug. Albert Fert, an Adjunct professor at MSU, was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics together with Peter Grünberg.^[80]

Today Michigan State continues its research with facilities such as the U.S. Department of Energy-sponsored MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory^[81] and a particle accelerator called the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. The U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science named Michigan State University as the site for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). The $730 million facility will attract top researchers from around the world to conduct experiments in basic nuclear science, astrophysics, and applications of isotopes to other fields.^[2]

In 2004, scientists at the Cyclotron produced and observed a new isotope of the element germanium, called Ge-60^[82] In that same year, Michigan State, in consortium with the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the government of Brazil, broke ground on the 4.1-meter Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope (SOAR) in the Andes Mountains of Chile. The consortium telescope will allow the Physics & Astronomy department to study galaxy formation and origins.^[83] Since 1999, MSU has been part of another consortium called the Michigan Life Sciences Corridor, which aims to develop biotechnology research in the State of Michigan.^[84] Finally, the College of Communication Arts and Sciences' Quello Center researches current issues of information and communication management.

Big Ten Committee on Institutional Cooperation

Michigan State University is a participant in the Committee on Institutional Cooperation. The Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC) is the academic consortium of the universities in the Big Ten Conference plus former conference member, the University of Chicago. The initiative also allows students at participating institutions to take distance courses at other participating institutions. The initiative also forms a partnership of research. Engaging in $8 billion in research in 2010, CIC universities are providing powerful insight into important issues in medicine, technology, agriculture, and communities.^[85] Students at participating schools are also allowed "in-house" viewing privileges at other participating schools' libraries.^[86] They also employ collective purchasing, which has saved member institutions $19 million to date.^[87]

Endowment

MSU's (private, non-Morrill Act) endowment started in 1916 when the Engineering Building burned down. Automobile magnate R.E. Olds helped the program stay afloat with a gift of $100,000.^[88] There was a time when MSU lagged behind peer institutions in terms of endowments. As recently as the early 1990s, MSU was last among the eleven Big Ten schools, with barely over $100 million in endowment funds. This changed dramatically in the 2000s (decade), when the University started a campaign to increase the size of the endowment. At the close of fiscal year 2004–2005, the endowment had risen to $1.325 billion, raising the University to sixth of the 11 Big Ten schools in terms of endowment; within $2 million of the fifth-rated school.^[89] The rapid increase in the size of the endowment will help to improve outdated facilities, such as the Music Building, which the College of Music hopes to soon replace with money from its alumni fundraising program.^[90]

Colleges

MSU has over 200 academic programs offered by 17-degree-granting colleges.^[2]

Residential colleges

MSU has several residential colleges, based on the Oxbridge "living-learning" model. By putting classes in student dormitories, these colleges improve student access to faculty and facilities. MSU's first residential college, Justin Morrill College started in 1965 with an interdisciplinary curriculum.^[91] MSU closed Morrill College in 1979, but today the university has three residential colleges, including the recent opening of the Residential College in Arts & Humanities (RCAH) located in Snyder and Phillips halls.

Established in 1967, James Madison College is a smaller component residential college featuring multidisciplinary programs in the social sciences, founded on a model of liberal education. James Madison College is housed in Case Hall. Classes in the college are small, with an average of 25 students, and most instructors are tenure track faculty. James Madison College has about 1150 students total, with each freshman class containing about 320 students.^[92] Each of Madison's four majors—Social Relations and Policy, International Relations, Political Theory and Constitutional Democracy, and Comparative Cultures and Politics^[93]—requires two years of foreign language and one semester of "field experience" in an internship or study abroad program. Although Madison students make up about 4% of MSU graduates, they represent around 35% of the MSU's Phi Beta Kappa members.^[94]

Also established in 1967, Lyman Briggs College teaches math and science within social, historical and philosophical contexts.^[95] Many Lyman Briggs students intend to pursue careers in medicine, but the school supports over 30 coordinate majors, from human biology to computer sciences.^[96] Lyman Briggs is one of the few colleges that lets undergraduates teach as "Learning Assistants."^[97]

MSU's newest residential college is the Residential College in Arts & Humanities. Founded October 21, 2005,^[98] the college provides around 600 undergraduates with an individualized curriculum in the liberal, visual and performing arts. Though all the students will graduate with the same degree, MSU encourages students in the college to get a second degree or specialization.^[99] The university houses the new college in a newly renovated Snyder-Phillips Hall, the location of MSU's first residential college, Justin Morrill College.^[100]

Professional schools

The Michigan State University College of Law is an independent, non-profit corporation^[101] affiliated^[102] with the public institution. Founded in Detroit in 1891 as the Detroit College of Law, the law school moved to East Lansing in 1995 becoming an integral part of the university. Students attending MSU College of Law come from 42 states and 13 countries. The law school publishes the Michigan State Law Review,^[103] the Michigan State Journal of International Law, the Journal of Medicine Law, and the Journal of Business & Securities Law. The College of Law is the home of the Geoffrey Fieger Trial Practice Institute,^[104] the first trial practice institute in the United States. The Intellectual Property and Communications Law program was ranked seventeenth nationally, in 2006.^[105]

The Eli Broad College of Business has programs in accounting, information systems, finance, general management, human resource management, marketing, supply chain management, and hospitality business. The school has 2,066 admitted undergraduate students and 817 graduate students.^[106] The Eli Broad Graduate School of Management, which Businessweek magazine in 2012 ranked 35th in the nation and 14th among public institutions,^[107] offers three MBA programs, as well as joint degrees with the College of Law.^[108] The opening of the Eugene C. Eppley Center for Graduate Studies in Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional Management brought the first program in the United States to offer a Master of Business Administration degree in Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional Management to MSU.^[109]

The Michigan State University College of Nursing grants B.S.N., M.S.N., and PhD degrees.

The Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine was the world's first publicly funded college of osteopathic medicine.^[110] It has a long-standing tradition of retaining its alumni in Michigan to practice – more than two-thirds of the college's graduates remain to practice in Michigan.^[111] In 2008, the Michigan State University Board of Trustees approved a resolution endorsing the expansion of the College of Osteopathic Medicine to two sites in southeast Michigan, a move board members and college officials say will not only improve medical education in the state, but also address a projected physician shortage.^[112]

According to U.S. News & World Report's 2016 rankings, the College of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O. degree) ranked tied for 12th among U.S. medical schools for primary care,^[113] and the College of Human Medicine (MD degree) was ranked 70th among the U.S. medical schools for primary care.^[114]

The College of Human Medicine graduates students with a Doctor of Medicine (M.D. degree) and is split into seven distinct campuses located in East Lansing, Kalamazoo, Flint, Saginaw, Marquette, Traverse City and Grand Rapids. Each campus is affiliated with local hospitals and other medical facilities professionals in the area.^[115] For example, the Lansing campus includes Sparrow Hospital and McLaren–Greater Lansing Hospital.^[116] The College of Human Medicine has recently gained attention for its expansion into the Grand Rapids area, with the new Secchia Center completed in the Fall of 2010, that is expected to fuel the growing medical industry in that region.^[117]

Though Michigan State has offered courses in veterinary science since its founding, the College of Veterinary Medicine was not formally established as a four-year, degree-granting program until 1910.^[118] In 2011, the Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine was ranked No. 9 in the nation.^[119] The college has over 170,000 square feet (16,000 m²) of office, teaching, and research space, as well as a veterinary teaching hospital.^[120]

Other academic units

In recent years, MSU's music program has grown substantially. Music major enrollment increased more than 97% between 1991 and 2004.^[121] In early 2007, this growth led the university board of trustees to spin the music program off into its own college unit: The MSU College of Music.^[122] The new college faces many new challenges, such as working with limited space^[123] and funding.^[124] Nevertheless, MSU's music college plans on continued success, placing an annual average of 25 graduate students in tenure stream university positions.^[121]

The College of Education at Michigan State University offers graduate and undergraduate degrees in several fields, including counseling, educational psychology, special education, teacher education and kinesiology.^[125] The graduate school has several programs ranked in the top five in the country by U.S. News & World Report for 2016: elementary teacher education (1st), secondary teacher education (1st), curriculum and instruction (3rd), educational psychology (4th), and higher education administration (4th).^[67] The College of Education is currently housed in Erickson Hall.

Founded in 1956, the MSU Honors College provides individualized curricula to MSU's top undergraduate students. Though the college has no majors of its own, it has its own dean and academic advisers to help Honors students with their educational pursuits. High school students starting at MSU may join the Honors College if they are in the top 5% of their high school graduating class and have either an ACT score of at least 30 or an SAT total score of at least 1360.^[126] Students can also be admitted after their first semester, generally if they're in the top 10% of their College in GPA. Once admitted, students must maintain a 3.20 GPA and complete eight approved honors courses in order to graduate with Honors College designation on their degree. If membership is relinquished at any point, it cannot be reclaimed.^[127]

After three years of planning, The College of Engineering successfully launched the first stages of its Residential Experience for Spartan Engineering, formally known as the Residential Option for Scientists and Engineers (ROSES), the new program is located in Wilson Hall after being housed in Bailey Hall for a number of years. The Residential program essentially combines with a brand new academic component, Cornerstone Engineering, where freshman engineering students not only get an overview of the engineering field(s) but get a hands-on experience along with it.^[128] Global Engineering is a new subject that is of certain interest for not only the Cornerstone Engineering and Residential Experience programs but for the entire College of Engineering at MSU. Engineering in today's society has shown to have a monumental impact on the global economy due to advancements in education, interdependence on economics with infrastructure, computers, transportation, technology and other manufactured goods as well as Michigan State University's study-abroad program being ranked No. 1 in the nation, allowing for students to experience education and learn cultures in hundreds of countries.^[129] The newly established Cornerstone Engineering and Residential Experience programs for College of Engineering have started programs abroad for more courses in engineering including Study abroad seminars.^[130]

MSU currently offers a 30 credit graduate program for Masters in Educational Technology^[131] in 3 different formats; completely online,^[132] hybrid^[133] in East Lansing, Michigan, or overseas.

Athletics

Michigan State's NCAA Division I-A program offers 12 varsity sports for men and 13 for women.^[2] Since their teams are called the Spartans, MSU's mascot is a Spartan warrior named Sparty. The university participates in the Big Ten Conference in all varsity sports, including the new Big Ten hockey conference, featuring 6 teams. The current athletic director is Mark Hollis, who was promoted to the position on January 1, 2008.^[134] Hollis replaced Ron Mason, who served as head hockey coach from 1979 to 2002, retiring with a record total of 924 wins, and a 635–270–69 record at MSU.^[135]

In 1888 Michigan State University (then as known as Michigan Agricultural College) along with Olivet, Albion and Hillsdale Colleges was a founding member of the nation's oldest athletic conference, the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MIAA). MAC left the conference in 1907.

Football

Football has a long tradition at Michigan State. Starting as a club sport in 1884, football gained varsity status in 1896.^[136] MSU football teams won the Rose Bowl in 1954, 1956, 1988, and 2014. They won national championships in 1951, 1952, 1955, 1957, 1965 and 1966. The Spartans accounted for four of the top eight selections in the 1967 NFL Draft, the only time a college football program has accomplished such a feat.

Today, the football team competes in Spartan Stadium, a renovated 75,005 seat football stadium near the center of campus. The current coach is Mark Dantonio, who was hired on November 27, 2006.^[137] He led the team in its first season to a 7–6 record. In 2010, the Spartans finished 11–2 (7-1 in conference play) and were Co-Big Ten Champion along with Wisconsin and Ohio State. In 2011, the Spartans finished 1st in the Legends Division of the Big Ten with a 7–1 (11–3) conference record, logging back-to-back 11 win seasons for the first time in Spartan history. In 2014, MSU achieved an 11-2 overall record with losses only to the University of Oregon Ducks and The Ohio State Buckeyes, and ended the season ranked #5.

MSU's traditional archrival is the University of Michigan, against whom they compete annually for the Paul Bunyan Trophy. Their overall record against the Wolverines currently stands at 32–67–5 and 23–34–2 since 1953 when the Paul Bunyan Trophy was established and MSU joined the Big Ten Conference.

Men's basketball

MSU's men's basketball team has won the National Championship twice: in 1979 and again in 2000.^[138] In 1979, Earvin "Magic" Johnson,^[139] along with Greg Kelser,^[140] Jay Vincent^[141] and Mike Brkovich, led the MSU team to a 75–64 win against the Larry Bird-led Indiana State Sycamores. In 2000, three players from Flint, Morris Peterson,^[142] Charlie Bell^[143] and Mateen Cleaves,^[144] led the team to its second national title. Dubbed the "Flintstones", they were the key to the Spartans' win against the University of Florida. On December 13, 2003, Michigan State and Kentucky played in the Basketbowl, in which a record crowd of 78,129 watched the game in Detroit's Ford Field. Kentucky won 79–74.^[145] The basketball team currently plays at the Jack Breslin Student Events Center under head coach Tom Izzo, who has a 403–166 record as of February 2012 (70.8% winning percentage). The student spirit section at Breslin is called the Izzone. Izzo's coaching has helped the team make seven Final Fours since 1999, winning the title in 2000, and eighteen consecutive NCAA tournament appearances (beginning in 1998). In 2009 the Spartans made it to the National Championship game and lost 89–72 to North Carolina.

Men's ice hockey

The Michigan State University men's ice hockey team started in 1924, though it has only been a varsity sport since 1950. The team has since won national titles in 1966, 1986 and 2007. The Spartans came close to repeating the national title in 1987, but lost the championship game to the University of North Dakota. They play at MSU's Munn Ice Arena. Former head coach Ron Mason is college hockey's winningest coach with 924 wins total and 635 at MSU.^[135] The current head coach is Tom Anastos. The MSU men's ice hockey team competes in the Big Ten conference. They formerly competed in the Central Collegiate Hockey Association. Michigan State leads the CCHA in all-time wins, is second in CCHA Conference championships with 7, and is first in CCHA Tournament Championships with 11. Along with the University of Michigan (U-M) and the Ohio State University, it was one of three Big Ten schools in the CCHA. As with other sports, the hockey rivalry between MSU and U-M is a fierce one, and on October 6, 2001, MSU faced U-M in the Cold War, during which a world record crowd of 74,554 packed Spartan Stadium to watch the game end in a 3–3 tie.^[146] In the 2006–2007 season, the Men's Ice Hockey team defeated Boston College for its third NCAA hockey championship.^[147]

Men's cross country

Between World War I and World War II, Michigan State College competed in the Central Collegiate Conference, winning titles in 1926–1929, 1932, 1933 and 1935. Michigan State also experienced success in the IC4A, at New York's Van Cortlandt Park, winning 15 team titles (1933–1937, 1949, 1953, 1956–1960, 1962, 1963 and 1968). Since entering the Big Ten in 1950, Michigan State has won 14 men's team titles (1951–1953, 1955–1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1970 and 1971). Michigan State hosted the inaugural NCAA cross country championships in 1938 and every year thereafter through 1964 (there was no championship in 1943). The Spartans won NCAA championships in 1939, 1948, 1949, 1952, 1955, 1956, 1958 and 1959.^{[148][149][150]}

Wrestling

MSU Spartan Wrestling won their only team NCAA Championship in 1967. The current Spartans Head coach is Tom Minkel in his 25th season. The team competes on campus at the Jenison Field House. Spartan Wrestling has over 50 Big Ten Conference Champions, over 100 All-Americans, and 11 individual wrestlers have NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships. Notable former Spartan wrestlers include Rashad Evans and Gray Maynard.

Student life

East Lansing is very much a college town, with 60.2% of the population between the ages of 15 and 24.^[151] President John A. Hannah's push to expand in the 1950s and 1960s resulted in the largest residence hall system in the United States.^[152] Around 16,000 students live in MSU's 23 undergraduate halls, one graduate hall, and three apartment villages. Each residence hall has its own hall government, with representatives in the Residence Halls Association. Yet despite the size and extent of on-campus housing, the residence halls are complemented by a variety of housing options. 58% of students live off-campus,^[153] mostly in the areas closest to campus, in either apartment buildings, former single-family homes, fraternity and sorority houses, or in a co-op.

In 2014 there were approximately 50,085 students, 38,786 undergraduate and 11,299 graduate and professional. The students are from all 50 states and 130 countries around the world.^[154]

Greek life

With over 3,000 members, Michigan State University's Greek Community is one of the largest in the US. Started in 1872^[155] and re-established in 1922 by Lambda Chi Alpha Fraternity, Alpha Gamma Rho Fraternity, and Alpha Phi Sorority; the MSU Greek system now consists of 55 Greek lettered student societies.^[156] These chapters are in turn under the jurisdiction of one of MSU's four Greek governing councils: National Panhellenic Conference, North American Interfraternity Council, National Pan-Hellenic Council,^[157] and Independent Greek Council. National Pan-Hellenic Council is made up of 9 organizations, 5 Fraternities and 4 Sororities, that were founded on Historically Black College and Universities (HBCU's).^[158] The Interfraternity Council and the Women's Panhellenic Council are each entirely responsible for their own budgets, giving them the freedom to hold large fundraising and recruitment events. MSU's fraternities and sororities hold many philanthropy events and community fundraisers. For example, in April 2011 the Greek Community held Greek Week to raise over $260,000 for the American Cancer Society, and $5,000 for each of these charities: Big Brothers Big Sisters, The Listening Ear and previous charities include: the Make-a-Wish Foundation (MSU Chapter), Share Laura's Hope, The Mary Beth Knox Scholarship, and the Special Olympics, in which fraternity and sorority members get to help each other participate.^[159]

Student organizations

The Associated Students of Michigan State University (ASMSU) is the undergraduate student government of Michigan State University.^[160] It is unusual amongst university student governments for its decentralized bicameral structure,^[161] and the relatively non-existent influence of the Greek system. The structure has since changed to a single General Assembly as part of reorganization in the late 2000s. ASMSU representatives are nonpartisan and many are elected in noncompetitive races. Their mission is to enhance the individual and collective student experience through education, empowerment, and advocacy by education to the needs and interest of students. Some services they offer include: free blue books, low cost copies and faxes, free yearbooks, interest free loans, funding for student organizations, free legal consultation, health insurance, and iClicker rentals. There are many ways of getting involved such as: Freshman Class Council, Senior Class Council, appointments to General Assembly, and employment.

Students pay $18 per semester to fund the functions of the ASMSU, including stipends for the organization's officers and activities throughout the year.^[162] Some students have criticized ASMSU for not having enough electoral participation to gain a student mandate. Turnout since 2001 has hovered between 3 and 17 percent, with the 2006 election bringing out 8% of the undergraduate student body.^[163]

Student-run organizations beyond student government also have a large impact on the East Lansing/Michigan State University community. Student Organizations are registered through the Department of Student Life, which currently has a registry of over 550 student organizations.^[164] The Eli Broad College of Business includes 27 student organizations. The three largest organizations are the Finance Association (FA), the Accounting Student Association (ASA), and the Supply Chain Management Association (SCMA).^[165] The SCMA is the host of the university's largest major specific career fair. The fair attracts over 100 companies and over 400 students each year.^[166]

Activism

Activists have played a significant role in MSU history. During the height of the Vietnam War, student protests helped create co-ed residence halls, and blocked the routing of Interstate 496 through campus.^[167] In the 1980s, Michigan State students convinced the University to divest the stocks of companies doing business in apartheid South Africa from its endowment portfolio, such as Coca-Cola.^[168] MSU has many student groups focused on political change. Graduate campus groups include the Graduate Employees Union^[169] and the Council of Graduate Students.^[170] Michigan State also has a variety of partisan groups ranging from liberal to conservative, including the College Republicans, the College Democrats and several third party organizations. Other partisan activist groups include Young Americans for Freedom and Young Americans for Liberty on the right; Young Democratic Socialists, Students for Economic Justice, Young Communist League and MEChA on the left. Given MSU's proximity to the Michigan state capital of Lansing, many politically inclined Spartans intern for state representatives.

Sustainability

The MSU Office of Sustainability works with the University Committee for a Sustainable Campus to "foster a collaborative learning culture that leads the community to heightened awareness of its environmental impact."^[171] The University is a member of the Chicago Climate Exchange, the world's first greenhouse gas emission registry, and boasts the lowest electrical consumption per square foot among Big Ten universities. The University has set a goal of reducing energy use by 15%, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 15%, reducing landfill waste by 30% by 2015.^[172]

The university has also pledged to meet LEED-certification standards for all new construction. In July 2009, the University completed construction of a $13.3 million recycling center, and hopes to double their 2008 recycling rate of 14% by 2010.^[173] The construction of Brody Hall, a residence hall of Michigan State University Housing, was completed in August 2011 and qualified for LEED Silver certification because the facility includes a rain water collection tank used for restroom fixtures, a white PVC roof, meters that will monitor utilities to make sure they are used efficiently, and the use of recycled matter and local sources for building materials.^[174]

The Environmental Steward's program support's president Simon's "Boldness by Design" strategic vision to transform environmental stewardship on campus within the seven-year time frame.^[175] Environmental stewards promote environmental changes among co-workers and peers, be points of contact for their department for environment-related concerns, and be liaisons between the Be Spartan Green Team and buildings.^[175]

ECO is the leading student-run sustainability organization on campus. They are also affiliated with regional and national groups such as Campus Climate Challenge and the Michigan Student Sustainability Coalition.^[176]

The Student Organic Farm is a student-run, four-season farm, which teaches the principals of organic farming and through a certificate program and community supported agriculture (CSA) on ten acres on the MSU campus.^[177] The certificate program consists of year round crop production, course work in organic farming, practical training and management, and an off-site internship requirement.^[178]

Media

MSU has a variety of campus media outlets. The student-run newspaper is called The State News and free copies of the paper are available online or at East Lansing newsstands. The paper prints 28,500 copies of the paper Monday through Friday during the fall and spring semesters, and 15,000 copies Monday through Friday during the summer.^[180] The paper is not published on weekends, holidays, or semester breaks, but is continually updated online at statenews.com. The campus yearbook is called the Red Cedar Log.^[181] Red Cedar Review, Michigan State University's premier literary digest for over forty years, is the longest running undergraduate-run literary journal in the United States.^[182] It is published annually by the Michigan State University Press.

MSU also publishes a student-run magazine during the academic year called Ing Magazine.^[183] Created in 2007 by MSU alumnus Adam Grant, the publication is released at the beginning of each month and currently publishes 7 issues each school year.^[184] MSU also publishes a student-run fashion and lifestyle magazine called VIM Magazine once a semester.

Electronic media include three radio stations and one public television station, as well as student-produced television shows. MSU's Public Broadcasting Service affiliate, WKAR-TV, the station is the second-oldest educational television station in the United States, and the oldest east of the Mississippi River. Besides broadcasting PBS shows, WKAR-TV produces its own local programming, such as a high school quiz bowl show called "QuizBusters". In addition, MSU has three radio stations; WKAR-AM plays National Public Radio's talk radio programming, whereas WKAR-FM focuses mostly on classical music programming.^[185] Michigan State's student-run radio station, WDBM, broadcasts mostly alternative music during weekdays, and electric music programming nights and weekends.^[186]

People

The current president of the University is Lou Anna Simon who took over on January 1, 2005, after being appointed by MSU's governing board, the Board of Trustees. The Board receives its mandate from the Michigan Constitution as MSU is a state-owned school. The constitution allows for eight trustees who are elected by statewide referendum every two years. Trustees have eight-year terms, with two of the eight elected every other year.^[187] As of 2007, the Board is made up of three Republicans and five Democrats.^[188]

19th century

Important College leaders in the 19th century include John C. Holmes, who kept the Agriculture School from being a part of the University of Michigan and is widely credited with being the prime mover for the school's founding;^[14] Joseph R. Williams, the first president;^[16] and Theophilus C. Abbot, the third president who stabilized the College after the Civil War.^[189] Also of importance was botany professor William J. Beal, an early plant (hybrid corn) geneticist who championed the laboratory teaching method.^[190] Another distinguished faculty member of the era was the alumnus/professor Liberty Hyde Bailey.^[191] Bailey was the first to raise the study of horticulture to a science, paralleling botany, which earned him the title of "Father of American Horticulture".^[192] William L. Carpenter, a jurist who was elected to the Third Judicial Circuit of Michigan in 1894, and member of the Michigan Supreme Court from 1902 until 1904. Other famous 19th-century graduates include Ray Stannard Baker,^[193] a famed "muckraker" journalist and Pulitzer Prize winning biographer; Minakata Kumagusu,^[194] a renowned environmental scientist; and William Chandler Bagley, a pioneering education reformer.^[195]

20th and 21st centuries

There are currently around 442,000 living MSU alumni worldwide giving the school one of the largest number of alumni of any institution of higher learning.^[2] Famous MSU alumni include former Michigan governors James Blanchard^[196] and John Engler,^[197] U.S. Senators Debbie Stabenow^[198] and Tim Johnson, U.S. Ambassador to Brazil Donna Hrinak, Prime Minister of South Korea Lee Wan-koo, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Director Richard Cordray, former Jordan prime minister Adnan Badran, billionaire philanthropists Tom Gores and Eli Broad,^[199] Chief Justice of the Texas Supreme Court Wallace B. Jefferson,^[200] trial lawyer Geoffrey Feiger, former Food and Drug Administration official Peter Rheinstein, Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist Richard Ford, Teamsters president James P. Hoffa,^[201] Quicken Loans founder and billionaire Cleveland Cavaliers owner Dan Gilbert,^[202] Sergeant at Arms of the U.S. House of Representatives Wilson Livingood,^[203] former Michigan U.S. Senator and Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham,^[204] former Vice President of the Republic of Liberia Harry Moniba, and former U.S. Ambassador to Italy Peter Secchia.

Alumni in Hollywood include actors such as Anthony Heald,^[205] Robert Urich^[206] and William Fawcett;^[207] comedian Dick Martin, comedian Jackie Martling, film directors Michael Cimino and Sam Raimi, and film editor Bob Murawski,^[208] as well as screenwriter David Magee^[209] Puerto Rican comedian Sunshine Logroño (who has played the occasional Hollywood movie) was a graduate student at MSU.

Composer Dika Newlin received her undergraduate degree from MSU,^[210] while lyricist, theatrical director and clinical psychologist Jacques Levy earned a doctorate in psychology.^[211] The university has also produced such jazz luminaries as pianist Henry Butler,^[212] vibraphonist Milt Jackson,^[213] and keyboardist/composer-arranger Clare Fischer.^[214]

Journalists include NBC reporter Chris Hansen,^[215] AP White House correspondent Nedra Pickler, NPR Washington correspondent Don Gonyea, and veteran Michigan Capitol correspondent and PBS's Off the Record host Tim Skubick. Novelist Michael Kimball graduated in 1990. Novelist and true crime author R. Barri Flowers, who in 1977 a bachelors and in 1980 a masters in criminal justice, was inducted in 2006 into the MSU Criminal Justice Wall of Fame.^[216] Author Erik Qualman graduated with honors in 1994 and was also Academic Big-Ten in basketball. Susan K. Avery, the first woman president and director of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, received an MSU bachelor's degree in physics.^[217] In addition, two of the Little Rock Nine attended Michigan State, including Ernest Green,^[218] the first black student to graduate from Little Rock Central High School, and Carlotta Walls LaNier.^[219] The University awarded an honorary degree to Robert Mugabe in 1990, but revoked it in 2008.^[220]

Spartans formerly or currently in the NBA include Earvin "Magic" Johnson,^[139] Greg Kelser,^[140] Jay Vincent,^[141] Steve Smith,^[221] Scott Skiles,^[222] Jason Richardson,^[223] Mateen Cleaves,^[144] Alan Anderson,^[224] Zach Randolph,^[225] Morris Peterson,^[142] Charlie Bell,^[143] Johnny Green, Maurice Ager, Shannon Brown,^[226] and Draymond Green.

On the American Football League's All-Time Team are tight-end Fred Arbanas^[227] and safety George Saimes.^[228]

In the National Football League, MSU alumni include Carl Banks, who was a member of the Giants teams that won Super Bowls XXI and XXV. Banks was a standout in their Super Bowl XXI victory in which he recorded 14 total tackles, including ten solo tackles, as well as being part of the NFL's 1980's All-Decade Team Morten Andersen,^[229] Plaxico Burress,^[230] Andre Rison,^[231] Derrick Mason,^[232] Muhsin Muhammad,^[233] T. J. Duckett,^[234] Flozell Adams,^[235] Julian Peterson,^[236] Charles Rogers,^[237] Jim Miller,^[238] Earl Morrall,^[239] Wayne Fontes,^[240] Bubba Smith^[241] and Drew Stanton.^[242] Former MSU quarterback Jeff Smoker now plays in the Arena Football League.^[243]

Former Michigan State players in the National Hockey League include All Star Defensemen Duncan Keith, Rod Brind'Amour,^[244] Anson Carter,^[245] Donald McSween,^[246] Adam Hall,^[247] John-Michael Liles, Justin Abdelkader, Corey Tropp, brothers Kelly Miller^[248] and Kip Miller,^[249] as well as their cousins, brothers Ryan Miller^[250] and Drew Miller.^[251]

Former Michigan State players in Major League Baseball include Hall of Fame inductee Robin Roberts,^[252] Kirk Gibson,^[253] Steve Garvey^[254] and Mark Mulder.^[255] Olympic gold medalists include Savatheda Fynes^[256] and Fred Alderman.^[257] The Spartans are also contributing athletes to Major League Soccer, as Kevin Reiman, Doug DeMartin, Dave Hertel, Greg Janicki, Kenzo Webster, Rauwshan McKenzie, John Minagawa-Webster and Ryan McMahen have all played in Major League Soccer.^[258] In addition, Alex Skotarek, Steve Twellman and Buzz Demling played in the North American Soccer League, with Demling playing in the 1972 Summer Olympics and the United States Men's National Soccer Team in the 1970s.

Ryan Riess, 2013 World Series of Poker Main Event Champion, is a 2012 graduate of MSU.^[259]

Miss Michigan 2015, Emily Kieliszewski, is a 2013 graduate of MSU.^[260] Miss America 1961, Nancy Fleming, is also a graduate of Michigan State.^[261]

NCAA Gymnastics Champion and formerSesame Street Muppet performer Toby Towson is an MSU graduate.

Verghese Kurien was an Indian social entrepreneur known as the "Father of the White Revolution" for his Operation Flood, the world's largest agricultural development programme. He earned a Master of Science in Metallurgical Engineering from Michigan State University in 1948

See also

• List of land-grant universities
• List of colleges and universities in Michigan
• Education in Michigan

References

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Michigan State University.

• Official website
• Michigan State Athletics website
• Michigan Agricultural College artifacts, a private collection
•  "Michigan Agricultural College". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921. 

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