Methomyl

Methomyl[1]
Names
IUPAC name
(E,Z)-methyl N-{[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy}ethanimidothioate
Other names
Lannate, Mesomile, Methomex, Nudrin
Identifiers
16752-77-5 YesY
ChEBI CHEBI:6835 N
ChEMBL ChEMBL552761 N
ChemSpider 3966 N
Jmol interactive 3D Image
PubChem 5353758
Properties
C5H10N2O2S
Molar mass 162.20
Appearance White crystalline solid[2]
Odor Slight, sulfur-like[2]
Density 1.2946 g/cm3
Melting point 78 to 79 °C (172 to 174 °F; 351 to 352 K)
58 g/L
Vapor pressure 0.00005 mmHg (25°C)[2]
Hazards
Flash point Noncombustible[2]
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
none[2]
TWA 2.5 mg/m3[2]
N.D.[2]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Methomyl is a carbamate insecticide introduced in 1966. It is highly toxic to humans, livestock, pets, and wildlife.[3] The EU and UK imposed a pesticide residue limit of 0.02 mg/kg for apples and oranges.

Methomyl is a common active ingredient in commercial fly bait, for which the label instructions warn that "It is a violation of Federal Law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling." "Off-label" uses and other uses not specifically targeted at problem insects are illegal, dangerous, and ill-advised.[4][5]

Use

Methomyl is a broad-spectrum insecticide that is used to kill insect pests.[6] Methomyl is registered for commercial/professional use under certain conditions on sites including field, vegetable, and orchard crops; turf (sod farms only); livestock quarters; commercial premises; and refuse containers. Products containing 1% Methomyl are available to the general public for retail sale, but more potent formulations are classified as restricted-use pesticides: not registered for homeowner or non-professional application.[6]

Trade names

Common names for methomyl include metomil and mesomile. Trade names include Acinate, Agrinate, DuPont 1179, Flytek, Kipsin, Lannate, Lanox, Memilene, Methavin, Methomex, Nudrin, NuBait, Pillarmate and SD 14999 [7]

Toxicity

In acute toxicity testing, methomyl is placed in EPA Toxicity Category I (the highest toxicity category out of four) via the oral route and in eye irritation studies.[6] It is in lower Toxicity Categories for inhalation (Category II), acute dermal effects (Category III), and acute skin irritation (Category IV). Methomyl is not likely to be a carcinogen (EPA carcinogen Category E).[6]

Ecotoxicity

Methomyl has low persistence in the soil environment, with a reported half-life of approximately 14 days.[8] Because of its high solubility in water, and low affinity for soil binding methomyl may have potential for groundwater contamination.[6][7] The estimated aqueous half-life for the insecticide is 6 days in surface water and over 25 weeks in groundwater.[7]

Synthesis

Methomyl can be produced by reaction of methyl isocyanate and methylthioacetaldoxime (also known as methomyl oxime).

First prepare ester

{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\text{C-}\underset{\underset{\text{O}}{\mathop{\text{ }\!\!|\!\!\text{ }\!\!|\!\!\text{ }}}\,}{\mathop{\text{C}}}\,\text{-OH+HS-C}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\xrightarrow{\text{30--50 }\!\!~\!\!\text{ }\!\!{}^\circ\!\!\text{ C}\text{,-}{{\text{H}}_{2}}O}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\text{C-}\underset{\underset{\text{O}}{\mathop{\text{ }\!\!|\!\!\text{ }\!\!|\!\!\text{ }}}\,}{\mathop{\text{C}}}\,\text{-S-C}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}

Second prepare oxime from ester {{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\text{C-}\underset{\underset{\text{O}}{\mathop{\text{ }\!\!|\!\!\text{ }\!\!|\!\!\text{ }}}\,}{\mathop{\text{C}}}\,\text{-S-C}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\text{+}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\text{NOH}\xrightarrow{-{{H}_{2}}O}\text{HO-N=}\underset{\text{C}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}}{\mathop{\underset{\text{ }\!\!|\!\!\text{ }}{\mathop{\text{C}}}\,}}\,\text{-S-C}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}

Third prepare product from isocyanate and oxime. {{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\text{C-N=C=O+HO-N=}\underset{\text{C}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}}{\mathop{\underset{\text{ }\!\!|\!\!\text{ }}{\mathop{\text{C}}}\,}}\,\text{-S-C}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\xrightarrow{\text{C}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\text{C}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}\text{,30--50 }\!\!~\!\!\text{ }\!\!{}^\circ\!\!\text{ C}}\text{Methomyl}

References

  1. ↑ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 5905
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0387". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ↑ Methomyl at Extension Toxicology Network
  4. ↑ Conservation Warden Warns: Fly bait to control wild animals – illegal and a bad idea (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources)
  5. ↑ Farm stores promoted poisoning raccoons, state chemist says
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 EPA R.E.D. FACTS - Methomyl (PDF) (Technical report). U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. December 1998. EPA-738-F-98-019.
  7. 1 2 3 http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/methomyl.htm
  8. ↑ Howard, P. H. (1991). Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for Organic Chemicals: Pesticides. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers. pp. 3–15.

External links

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