Mercedes-Benz M-Class

Mercedes-Benz M-Class
Overview
Manufacturer Mercedes-Benz
Also called Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class (2015–present)
Production 1997–present
Body and chassis
Class American: Mid-size luxury crossover SUV
European: J-segment
Body style 5-door crossover/sport utility vehicle
Layout Front-engine, rear-wheel drive
Front-engine, four-wheel drive

The Mercedes-Benz M-Class, renamed GLE-Class in 2015, is a mid-size luxury crossover sport utility vehicle (SUV) produced by the German automaker Mercedes-Benz since 1997. In terms of size, it is slotted in between the smaller GLK-Class (based on the C-Class) and the larger GL-Class with which it shares platforms. For a short time, between 1999 and 2002, the M-Class was also built by Magna Steyr in Graz, Austria, for the European market, before all the production moved to the U.S. plant near Vance, Alabama. From late 2012, the M-Class was also assembled at new plants in India and Indonesia.

Nomenclature

Although grouped under the "M-Class" naming banner since launch, BMW, who sells M models such as the M3, objected to the car being badged "M" with the three-digit engine level afterwards (e.g. M 320). This forced Mercedes-Benz to defer to a double-tiered marketing strategy of "ML" badging (e.g. ML 320) under an M-Class umbrella.[1] There has been some confusion surrounding this nomenclature, with many sources erroneously referring to the series as the "ML-Class",[2][3] including Mercedes-Benz themselves.[4][5]

From 2015, with the release of the facelifted W166 third generation model at the New York Auto Show in April, the M-Class was renamed to GLE-Class as per the revised nomenclature adopted by the brand. Under this scheme, SUVs use the base name "GL", followed by the model's placement in Mercedes-Benz hierarchy. The "G" is for geländewagen (German off land wagon for off-road vehicle) and alludes the long-running G-Wagen. This is followed by the letter "L" that acts as a linkage with the letter "E"—the GLE being the SUV equivalent to the E-Class.[6][7]

First generation (W163: 1997–2005)

W163
Overview
Production 1997–2005
Model years 1998–2005
Assembly Austria: Graz (1999–2002)
United States: Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Designer Bruno Sacco & Peter Pfeiffer (1993)
Powertrain
Engine

2.3 L M111.970 I4 (petrol)
2.7 L OM612 I5 (t/c diesel)
3.2 L M112 E32 V6 (petrol)
3.7 L M112 E37 V6 (petrol)
4.0 L OM628 V8 (t/c diesel)
4.3 L M113 E43 V8 (petrol)
5.0 L M113 E50 V8 (petrol)

5.4 L M113 E55 V8 (petrol)
Transmission 5-speed manual
5-speed 5G-Tronic automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase 111.0 in (2,819 mm)
Length 1997–02: 180.6 in (4,587 mm)
2002–05: 182.6 in (4,638 mm)
AMG: 182.5 in (4,636 mm)
Width 1997–02: 72.2 in (1,834 mm)
2002–05: 72.4 in (1,839 mm)
AMG: 74.6 in (1,895 mm)
Height 1997–02: 69.9 in (1,775 mm)
2002–05: 71.7 in (1,821 mm)
AMG: 69.3 in (1,760 mm)
Curb weight 4,614 lb (2,093 kg)
Pre-facelift Mercedes-Benz ML 320 (Australia)

Mercedes-Benz proposed a plan to replace the G-Class, which at the time had been in production for 11 years. A joint agreement with Mitsubishi Motors to develop and produce a sports-utility vehicle was made in early 1991 and was confirmed publicly that June. Plans were made to base it on the Montero/Pajero platform, with one of them being badged as a Mercedes-Benz and the other a Mitsubishi. In May 1992, these plans were abandoned citing "technical problems" and Mercedes-Benz continued on with in-house development from January 1993.[8][9] In March 1993, a search for a location to build a U.S. manufacturing plant began. By September 1993, a location in the state of Alabama was chosen and construction started in 1994. While plans were being made overseas, in Germany development continued. Design work took place from late 1992 to 1994. A design from Mercedes' Sindelfingen studio was chosen in 1993 and approved by the executive board in February 1994. The design patents were filed in Germany on July 13, 1994, and in the U.S. on January 13, 1995. Prototype testing started with test mules and crash tests using mock-ups in May 1994. First functional prototype's crash test took place in February 1995, with full testing run from March 1995 to December 1996 in various climates and regions of the world. Pilot production began in May 1996. In July 1996, construction on the Mercedes-Benz U.S. International plant concluded, with the very first production M-Class rolling off the assembly line the week of February 9, 1997.[10]

Mercedes-Benz launched the first generation W163 series M-Class on February 19, 1997, in the United States for the 1998 model year, with sales beginning that September. It is a mid-sized body-on-frame SUV with seating for five, or seven with an optional third-row seat. The M-Class was the first luxury SUV to feature electronic stability control, a system designed to detect loss of control and instantaneously intervene with selective braking to bring the vehicle back on its intended course. Furthermore, the M-Class boasted front- and side-impact airbags with advanced occupant detection for the front passenger seat, which, helped earn the W163 the highest marks in insurance industry crash tests.

The Mercedes-Benz M-Class (W163) was available with permanent 4Matic four-wheel drive, which routed torque to all four wheels through all open front, center, and rear differentials.[11] The system used a two-speed dual range BorgWarner 4409 transfer case with reduction gearing, and Mercedes' new Four-wheel Electronic Traction System (4-ETS). 4-ETS simulated three differential locks on all three open differentials, via aggressively braking one or more spinning wheels.[11]

Four-wheel, electronic traction system was said to perform excellent for snow and heavy off road use.

Facelifted Mercedes-Benz ML 270 CDI, Germany

Manufactured in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, in the United States, the M-Class launched in the North American market first as the ML 320. The ML 320 was sold internationally, with the "320" suffix alluding to the 3.2-litre V6 engine. An entry-level, manual transmission-only ML 230, fitted with a 2.3-litre inline-four was available in Europe from launch in March 1998 until 2000. From launch in 1998, European markets also received the ML 270 CDI with a 2.7-litre inline-five turbodiesel engine. This unit was made available in Australia in 2000 and continued on in the W163 until being replaced upon the release of the W164 M-Class in 2005.

Later, in 1998, the more powerful ML 430 became available with the newly introduced Mercedes-Benz 4.3-litre V8. This was followed by the February 1999 debut of the 2000 ML 55 AMG, featuring a 5.4-litre V8 engine made by AMG, modified bodywork, and other performance features.

In September 1996, before the vehicle was launched, Mercedes-Benz allowed the producers of the 1997 film The Lost World: Jurassic Park to make use of modified pre-production M-Class SUVs as a way to advertise the W163 when it was launched in 1997. As a result, a Mercedes-Benz advertisement appears before the film on original VHS copies of the film. Jeff Goldblum, the star of the film, received a complimentary ML 320 from Mercedes-Benz as a result of the tie-in. Three versions were used in the movie, of which 2 copies of each were built. Two are displayed at the Universal Studios in Orlando, Florida, there is one at the Mercedes-Benz Museum in Stuttgart, Germany, and one at the Visitor Center at the M-class factory in Alabama.

Awards

The ML 320 was Motor Trend magazine's Truck of the Year for 1998 and was voted the 1998 North American Truck of the Year at the North American International Auto Show, Detroit, in January 1998. It also received the World Car Award in March 1999, voted by an international jury of automotive journalists in Geneva.[12] Despite the accolades, Mercedes-Benz received considerable criticism with respect to the substandard quality of the W163. Quality improved over the years, especially after the facelift in 2001 for the 2002 model year. DaimlerChrysler spent US$600 million on improvements at the Alabama factory before launching the second generation ML in 2005.

Facelift

Mercedes-Benz revised and updated the W163 in 2001 for the 2002 model year. Styling updates involved the fitment of new head- and tail-lamp lenses, front and rear bumpers, new alloy wheels on most variants, the relocation of the side turn signals from the fenders to the side-view mirrors, and various interior trim changes. At the same time, the ML 430 was replaced by the 5.0-litre V8-powered ML 500 and a new 4.0-litre V8 turbodiesel ML 400 CDI became available in Europe. The following year, in 2002, Mercedes-Benz launched the ML 350 fitted with a 3.7-litre V6 engine. The ML 350 replaced the ML 320 in some markets, but supplemented it in others. The W163 was available as a seven-seat version, with two seats in a third row. Access was problematic and the seats were not for large adults. The seven seat version was dropped in the W164, with this role undertaken by the longer wheelbase GL model

The previous Popemobile was based on a W163 series ML 430 and has been in service since July 2002.[13] Volkswagen had offered to build a new vehicle based on the Touareg, but Pope Benedict XVI opted to continue using his predecessor's Mercedes-Benz-manufactured vehicle.[14]

Second generation (W164: 2005–2011)

W164
Overview
Production 2005–2011
Model years 2006–2011
Assembly United States: Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Designer Steve Mattin (2001)
Powertrain
Engine 3.5 L V6
5.0 L V8
4.6 L V8
5.5 L V8
6.2 L V8
3.0 L turbo-diesel V6
4.0 L turbo-diesel V8
Transmission 7-speed 7G-Tronic automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase 114.7 in (2,913 mm)
Length 4788 mm (188.5 in)
AMG: 189.8 in (4,821 mm)
Hybrid: 188.2 in (4,780 mm)
Width 1910 mm (75.2 in)
AMG: 76.8 in (1,951 mm)
Hybrid: 77.8 in (1,976 mm)
Height 1815 mm (71.5 in)
AMG: 73.3 in (1,862 mm)
Curb weight 2150 kg (4740 lb)
Pre-facelift Mercedes-Benz ML 320 CDI (Australia)
Facelifted Mercedes-Benz ML 300 CDI 4Matic, Germany

In 1999, development on a successor to the W163 began under the codename "W164" and spanned a period of 6 years. By late 2001, the production design styled by Steve Mattin under Peter Pfeiffer was chosen and approved by the executive board in 2002.[15] The design patents were filed in Germany on June 10, 2003, and in the U.S. on July 25. Prototype testing was conducted throughout 2003 and 2004, concluding in early 2005. The redesigned M-class (chassis name W164) was introduced in April 2005 as a 2006 model after a showing at the North American International Auto Show in January. It was almost entirely new, with a more sporting, aerodynamic look—the coefficient of drag went down to 0.34 compared with the previous generation. Mercedes-Benz has also made the new M-Class 71 mm larger, 150 mm longer and 5 mm lower than the first model. The M-Class was named "Best New Sport Utility Vehicle" in the 2006 Canadian Car of the Year awards.

Mercedes-Benz extensively publicised the US$600 million spent to update its factory and add manufacturing space for the new R-Class. According to early automotive press reports, the 2006 M-Class vehicles demonstrated vast improvements in quality.

The W164 platform used for the new M-Class is shared with the new GL-Class and is a unibody type rather than the former (W163) body-on-frame used by the M-Class vehicles produced from 1998–2005. The X164 GL-Class, a longer seven-seater version of the W164 platform, is also available.

New features in the 2006 M-Class include the 7G-Tronic seven-speed automatic transmission, optional Active Curve-Illuminating Bi-Xenon headlights which "steer" in the path of the vehicle, and an adjustable-height air suspension. The manual transmission has been dropped. Permanent 4Matic four-wheel drive remained, with one-speed transfer case (no low range), center limited-slip differential and four-wheel electronic traction system (4-ETS). In most countries except the U.S., an Off-Road Pro package with center and rear differential locks, 4-ETS, two-speed transfer case with reduction gearing, and adjustable ground clearance was available as an option increasing the original fording depth from 500 mm to 600 mm.

The AMG version of the W164, the ML 63 AMG, was introduced at the 2006 North American International Auto Show as a limited edition 2007 model. It features a 6.2 L M156 V8 engine producing 510 hp (380 kW) and 465 lb·ft (630 N·m) that is handcrafted in Germany. The engine is added to an AMG Speedshift 7G-Tronic seven-speed automatic transmission. The 2006 ML 63 AMG can accelerate from 0–60 mph (96 km/h) in just 4.8 seconds, or from 0–62 mph (100 km/h) in just 5.0 seconds. These impressive features made the ML 63 AMG the most powerful naturally aspırated V8 SUV in the world.[16]

Facelift

Interior

By 2007, design work on updates to the W164 were finalized and patented domestically in Germany on November 23, 2007. The 2009 Mercedes-Benz M-Class got a minor face-lift as it debuted at the 2008 New York International Auto Show in March 2008.

This face-lift includes new front headlights, redesigned front and rear bumpers, new exterior mirrors, new rim choices, a larger front grille, restyled interior, and a new ML 420 CDI engine choice. The ML 280 CDI became the ML 300 CDI, the 320 CDI became the 350 CDI, and the 420 CDI became the 450 CDI.

Models using Bluetec Diesel engine with urea injection were introduced in 2008 for the 2009 model year.

At the 2009 New York International Auto Show, Mercedes-Benz showed their ML 450 Hybrid SUV, which was announced on 8 April 2009. The ML 450 Hybrid consumes almost 50% less fuel than the ML 550 does, even though it produces over 90% of the power generated by the V8 model. Total power generated will be 335 hp (250 kW) and 381 lb·ft (517 N·m) of torque, while getting 24 mpg-US (9.8 L/100 km) on the highway and 21 mpg-US (11 L/100 km) in the city, according to United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates. The engine itself runs on the Atkinson cycle and by itself makes 275 hp.[17] The ML 450 was developed under the Global Hybrid Cooperation, and will only be available in the United States under lease.[18][19]

Third generation (W166: 2011–present)

W166

Mercedes Benz ML 350
Overview
Also called Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class (facelift)
Production July 2011–present
Model years 2012–present
Assembly United States: Tuscaloosa, Alabama
India: Pune, Maharashtra
Indonesia: Wanaherang, Bogor
Thailand: Thonburi Automotive Assembly Plant
Designer Emiel Burki (2008) [20]
Powertrain
Engine 3.5L V6
4.7L Bi-turbo V8
5.5L Bi-turbo V8
2.1L I4 turbo-diesel
3.0L V6 turbo-diesel
Transmission 7-speed automatic
9-speed automatic
CVT automatic (hybrid)
Dimensions
Wheelbase 114.8 in (2,916 mm)
Length 4,803 mm (189.1 in)
AMG: 4,820 mm (189.8 in)
Hybrid: 4,780 mm (188.2 in)
Width 1,926 mm (75.8 in)
AMG: 1,950 mm (76.8 in)
Hybrid: 1,980 mm (77.8 in)
Height 1,796 mm (70.7 in)
AMG: 1,860 mm (73.3 in)
Curb weight 2,150 kg (4,740 lb)
Mercedes-Benz ML 250 BlueTEC
Mercedes-Benz ML 63 AMG
Interior

In 2006, development began on the next-generation M-Class and spanned over a period of 5 years, a much shorter duration than its predecessor. In 2008, the final design by Emiel Burki was approved and patented domestically on December 16, 2008(U.S. design patent filed on June 15, 2009). The newly redesigned M-class (chassis name W166) was introduced in pre-production form 10 June 2011 as a 2012 model. The first customer-designated W166 rolled off the Tuscaloosa production line on 20 July.[21] It is moderately refined, taking styling cues from the new generation Mercedes-Benz E-Class. An increase in rear seat legroom has been implemented, alongside adjustable rear back-rests. It was to be launched in September 2011.

New features in the 2012 M-Class include an updated 7G-Tronic Plus seven-speed automatic transmission to provide improved fuel economy, optional Adaptive Cruise Control (Distronic Plus), Active Lane Departure Warning System, and an adjustable-height air suspension (AirMatic). An ACTIVE CURVE SYSTEM with active anti-roll bars for body roll compensation was introduced.[22]

An On&Off Road Package is available for most markets (now including North America) as of the 2013 model year. The package adds a two-speed dual range Magna Powertrain transfer case with center differential lock, reduction gearing, underbody skid plates, and a 6-mode selectable terrain driving program system. The rear differential lock has been discontinued.[23]

Open front and rear differentials are fitted, and use four-wheel electronic traction system (4-ETS) to simulate front and rear differential locks.

The Mercedes M-Class won first place in the “Luxury Crossover SUV” category and has been named the most ideal vehicle for Americans based on a study undertaken by California-based automotive research and consulting firm AutoPacific.[24]

Mercedes-Benz India established a manufacturing plant in Chakan, Pune in early 2009[25] that rolled out the first W166 M-Class to be built outside the USA in October 2012.[26] In the following month, Mercedes-Benz Indonesia began M-Class assembly at a factory in Wanaherang, West Java.[27] These plants perform final assembly of vehicles shipped as "knocked-down" kits from Tuscaloosa, USA.

In the second half of 2015 a facelifted W166 will be released as the GLE, along with a coupé version.

The previous Popemobile was based on the 2012 M-Class and was delivered in December 2012.

Facelift (GLE-Class)

Mercedes-Benz Concept Coupé SUV

The Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class is a sport utility vehicle (SUV) built by the German car manufacturer Mercedes-Benz. The GLE-Class name will be used in 2015 for the forthcoming facelifted Mercedes-Benz M-Class (W166)[28] and the new five-door coupé derivative GLE-Class Coupe (C292) which was unveiled to the public in January 2015 at the North American International Auto Show. As part of Mercedes-Benz's new naming strategy, the GLE-Class will define the SUV's positioning in the middle of its segment and between the future GLC and GLS-Classes (the former GLK and GL, respectively), the same way the E-Class is positioned in relation to the C and S-Classes.

Body variants

Wagon (W166)
Mercedes-Benz GLE 350d (Sweden)

The W166 version was unveiled at the New York Auto Show, takes the form of a facelift of the existing Mercedes-Benz M-Class (W166).[29] The GLE 500 e will be the first plug-in hybrid in this model range, combining a 333 hp V6 engine with a 116 hp electric motor.[30]

Coupe (C292)
GLE Coupe

The Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class Coupe (C292) is the coupé version and is heavily related to the W166, sharing its platform, mechanicals and interior (but having a completely unique body with a similar design).[28] The C292 coupe was unveiled to the public in January 2015 at the North American International Auto Show.

The GLE Coupé will be built in Alabama with the future GLE-Class on which it is based.[31] Sales are expected from the second half of 2015. The range is topped by the Mercedes-AMG GLE 63 S-Model, powered by a new 5.5-litre twin turbo V8 producing 585 bhp and 768 Nm of torque.[32]

Engines

Petrol engines[33]
Model Years Type Power, torque@rpm
ML 350 BlueEFFICIENCY 4MATIC 2012– 3,498 cc (213 cu in) 24V V6 naturally aspirated(Mercedes-Benz M276 DE 35 engine) 306 PS (225 kW)@6500, 370 N·m (273 lb·ft)@3500–5250
ML 400 4MATIC 2014– 2,996 cc (183 cu in) 24V V6 BiTurbo (Mercedes-Benz M276 DE 30 AL engine) 333 PS (245 kW)@5250–6000,480 N·m (354 lb·ft)@1600–4000
ML 550 4MATIC 2012– 4,663 cc (285 cu in) 32V V8 BiTurbo 408 PS (300 kW)@5000–5750, 600 N·m (443 lb·ft)@1600–4750
ML 63 AMG (with 4MATIC) 2012– 5,461 cc (333 cu in) 32V V8 Biturbo (Mercedes-Benz M157 engine) 525 PS (386 kW)@5250, 700 N·m (516 lb·ft)@1750–5000
Performance Package: 557 PS (410 kW)@5750, 760 N·m (561 lb·ft)@2000–5000
Diesel engines[33]
Model Years Type Power, torque@rpm
ML 250 BlueTEC 4MATIC 2012– 2,143 cc (131 cu in) 16V I4 Bi-turbo Mercedes-Benz OM651 DE 22 LA engine 204 PS (150 kW)@4200, 500 N·m (369 lb·ft)@1.600–1.800
ML 350 BlueTEC 4MATIC 2012– 2,987 cc (182 cu in) 24V V6 Single turbo Mercedes-Benz OM 642 LS DE 30 LA engine) 258 PS (190 kW)@3800, 620 N·m (457 lb·ft)@1600 – 2400

Safety

NHTSA[34] Euro NCAP[35]
Overall: Overall:
Frontal – Driver: Adult occupant: pts / 96%
Frontal – Passenger: Child occupant: pts / %
Side – Driver: Pedestrian: pts / 60%
Side – Passenger: Driver assist: pts / %
Side Pole – Driver:
Rollover: / 17.9 %
IIHS scores[36]
Category Rating
Moderate overlap frontal offset Good
Small overlap frontal offset (Nov 2013–present) Good1
Side impact Good
Roof strength Good2
1 vehicle structure rated "Acceptable"
2 strength-to-weight ratio: 6.68

Production and sales

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Meiners, Jens (25 August 2014). "Mercedes-Benz to Revise Nomenclature: M-class First Up, Becomes GLE-class Early Next Year". Car and Driver. Retrieved 2014-08-27.
  2. ↑ Perlas, Giancarlo (13 December 2012). "Explained: Why it's the M-Class and not ML-Class". BenzInsider. Retrieved 2015-12-07.
  3. ↑ Sarne, Vernon B. (17 May 2012). "Is it M-Class or ML-Class?". Top Gear Philippines. Archived from the original on 2012-06-05.
  4. ↑ "Energy consumption in real time.". Mercedes-Benz. 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-10-02.
  5. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz ML-Class (Australia) Specifications as of 7 August 2014" (PDF). Mercedes-Benz Australia/Pacific. 13 August 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-21.
  6. ↑ Ewing, Steven (11 November 2014). "Mercedes renames utility vehicles, repositions Maybach as sub-brand". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  7. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz expands brand world and introduces new nomenclature: Mercedes-Maybach for the ultimate in exclusivity and individuality". Daimler AG. 11 November 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  8. ↑ "Mercedes, Mitsubishi discuss sharing sport-utility". The news. Retrieved 2012-10-13.
  9. ↑ "Mitsubishi drops plan with Mercedes". The press courier. Retrieved 2012-10-13.
  10. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz M-Class". google.com. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  11. 1 2 "1998 Mercedes-Benz ML". www.4wheeloffroad.com. Retrieved 2012-09-16.
  12. ↑ "Tenth anniversary of the M-Class: Premiere at the Tuscaloosa plant in 1997 – Daimler Global Media Site > Classic > Mercedes-Benz Cars > Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars > M-Class". daimler.com. 11 June 2008. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  13. ↑ "Daimler Global Media Site > Classic > Mercedes-Benz Cars > Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars". daimler.com. 17 February 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  14. ↑ "2005-07-08 Pontiff Withholds Blessing From VW's Proposed Popemobile". Edmunds.com. Archived from the original on July 7, 2009. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  15. ↑ CGT union on production transfer rumours. "Interview with Steve Mattin, Senior Designer, Mercedes – Benz". Just-auto.com. Retrieved 2012-09-29.
  16. ↑ Mercedes-Benz ML 63 AMG Specifications Archived October 19, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ↑ "Mercedes ML 450 HYBRID". Automoblog.net. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
  18. ↑ "BMW, Daimler, GM hybrid alliance nears end", Matthias Krust, Automotive News, 14 July 2009
  19. ↑ Abuelsamid, Sam (2009-11-14). "Mercedes-Benz ML450 Hybrid launches next week for lease only — Autoblog Green". Green.autoblog.com. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
  20. ↑ http://patent.ipexl.com/US/D643339.html
  21. ↑ Pettendy, Marton (22 July 2011). "Benz confirms next GL-class". GoAuto. John Mellor. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  22. ↑ "ACTIVE CURVE SYSTEM – Daimler > Technologie & Innovation > Sicherheit > Vorbeugen". daimler.com. 21 June 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  23. ↑ "2013 Mercedes-Benz M-Class". www.leftlanenews.com. Retrieved 2012-09-30.
  24. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz M-Class Wins 2013 Ideal Vehicle Award in the US". www.autoevolution.com. Retrieved 2013-08-15.
  25. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz Inaugurates New Manufacturing Plant in Pune, India – Daimler Global Media Site > Brands & Products > Mercedes-Benz Cars > Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars > Special Topics". daimler.com. 7 July 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  26. ↑ Lalatendu Mishra. "Mercedes-Benz rolls out M-Class luxury SUV from Pune facility". The Hindu. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  27. ↑ http://id.carmall.com/en/articles/articleinfo/mercedes-benz-m-class-to-be-assembled-in-indonesia-2573/1/
  28. 1 2 "2015 Mercedes-Benz GLE Coupe revealed". What Car?. 9 December 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  29. ↑ "Première for the Mercedes-Benz GLE and Mercedes-AMG GLE 63: Efficiency meets performance – Daimler Global Media Site > Brands & Products > Mercedes-Benz Cars > Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars > GLE". daimler.com. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  30. ↑ "Première for the Mercedes-Benz GLE and Mercedes-AMG GLE 63: Efficiency meets performance – Daimler Global Media Site > Brands & Products > Mercedes-Benz Cars > Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars > GLE". daimler.com. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  31. ↑ "Mercedes GLE Coupe Takes on BMW X6 for Sporty SUV Buyers". Bloomberg L.P. 12 January 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  32. ↑ "Mercedes-AMG GLE 63 Coupe debuts at Detroit Show". Auto Express. 12 January 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  33. 1 2 "Technical data C-Class". Media.daimler.com. 2007-01-18. Retrieved 2012-09-29.
  34. ↑ "2013 Mercedes-Benz ML-Class SUV 4WD". U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2015-09-23.
  35. ↑ "Euro NCAP – Mercedes-Benz M-Class (2002)". euroncap.com. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  36. ↑ "Vehicle details". iihs.org. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  37. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz USA Records Highest Sales in Its History. – Free Online Library". Thefreelibrary.com. 2003-01-03. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
  38. ↑ "2004 Highest Year on Record for Mercedes-Benz USA". Theautochannel.com. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
  39. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz Rings in the New Year with Record 2006 Sales". Theautochannel.com. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
  40. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz USA's Sales Drop 32.1 Percent In December 2008". Emercedesbenz.com. 2009-01-05. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
  41. ↑ "Highest Sales Month for the Year at 21,469 Brings Mercedes-Benz to an... – MONTVALE, N.J., Jan. 4, 2011 /PRNewswire/". New Jersey: Prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
  42. ↑ "December 2010 Dashboard: Year End Tally". Hybrid Cars. 2011-01-07. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
  43. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz Records the Highest Year on Record with Sales of 264,460 – MONTVALE, N.J., Jan. 5, 2012 /PRNewswire/". New Jersey: Prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2012-05-18.
  44. ↑ Mercedes-Benz USA (5 January 2015). "Mercedes-Benz Delivers Record-Breaking 2014 Sales Volume Of 330,391, Up 5.7%". prnewswire.com. Retrieved 31 March 2015.

Bibliography

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  • Engelen, Günter (2003). Mercedes-Benz Personenwagen Band 4 Seit 1996 [Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars Volume 4 Since 1996]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3613023482.  (German)
  • Hofner, Heribert; Schrader, Halwart (2005). Mercedes-Benz Automobile Band 2: von 1964 bis heute [Mercedes-Benz Automobiles Volume 2: from 1964 to today]. Königswinter, Germany: Heel. ISBN 3898804194.  (German)
  • Kittler, Eberhard (2002). Typenkompass Mercedes-Benz Band 2. Personenwagen seit 1976 [Typenkompass Mercedes-Benz Volume 2. Passenger Cars since 1976]. Typenkompass series. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3613022095.  (German)
  • Lamm, John (1997). Mercedes-Benz M-Class: The Complete Story Behind the All-New Sport Utility Vehicle. Osceola, WI, USA: Motorbooks International. ISBN 0760304319. 
  • Niemann, Harry (2006). Personenwagen von Mercedes-Benz: Automobillegenden und Geschichten seit 1886 [Passenger Cars from Mercedes-Benz: Automobile Legends and Stories since 1886]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3613025965.  (German)
  • Schlegelmilch, Rainer W.; Lehbrink, Hartmut; von Osterroth, Jochen (2013). Mercedes (revised ed.). Königswinter, Germany: Ullmann Publishing. ISBN 9783848002672. 
  • Taylor, James (2009). Mercedes-Benz: Cars of the 1990s. Crowood AutoClassic Series. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press. pp. 8–20, 159–172. ISBN 9781847970961. 
  • Viehweg, Christof (1998). Everything about the Mercedes-Benz M-Class. Stuttgart: Daimler-Benz AG. ISBN 3932786025. 

Workshop manuals

  • Russek, Peter (2006). Mercedes-Benz ML Models, Diesel Engines: ML 270 CDI – Series 163, ML 400 CDI – Series 163, ML 280CDI/320 CDI – Series 164. Pocket Mechanic Vehicle Manual. Caversham, Reading, Berkshire, UK: Peter Russek Publications. ISBN 1898780323. 
  • Russek, Peter (2006). Mercedes-Benz ML Models, Petrol Models: Series 163 – 1997 to 2004, Series 164 – 2005 to 2006, Petrol Engines – 1997 to 2006. Pocket Mechanic Vehicle Manual. Caversham, Reading, Berkshire, UK: Peter Russek Publications. ISBN 189878009X. 
  • Russek, Peter (2008). Mercedes-Benz ML-Diesel: Baureihe 163 (1997–2004). Reparaturanleitung series, Band 1293. (in German). Zug, Switzerland: Verlag Bucheli. ISBN 9783716821022. 
  • Russek, Peter (2009). Mercedes-Benz ML Serie 163 (1997–2004), Serie 164 (ab 2005). Reparaturanleitung series, Band 1297. (in German). Zug, Switzerland: Verlag Bucheli. ISBN 9783716821060. 
  • Mercedes-Benz Technical Companion. Cambridge, MA, USA: Bentley Publishers. 2005. ISBN 9780837610337. 

External links

Media related to Mercedes-Benz M-Class at Wikimedia Commons

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