Maxine (Blossom) Miles

Maxine Frances Mary Miles
Blossom aged 9 by Frederic Yates
Born	Maxine Forbes-Robertson 19 October 1901 Blackheath, Kent, England
Died	April 1984 Worthing
Nationality	British
Other names	Blossom / Maxine Freeman-Thomas / Maxine Miles
Occupation	Aircraft designer,
Known for	Aviator, socialite, business woman
Spouse(s)	I.B. Freeman-Thomas; Frederick George Miles
Children	Son: Jeremy John Miles; Daughter: Mary Miles

Maxine "Blossom" Miles, born 19 October 1901 as Maxine Forbes-Robertson, was a British aviation engineer, socialite, and businesswoman. She was born into a well-known family of actors. She became interested in aviation in the 1920s, and married her flight instructor, F.G. Miles. Together they eventually founded Miles Aircraft Ltd, where she was also a draughtswoman.

Early life

Maxine Forbes-Robertson was born 19 October 1901 to Johnston Forbes-Robertson and his wife, the former Gertrude Elliott, both actors. Her father was acclaimed, and his family was at the heart of London society. A privileged but grounded upbringing ensured that "Blossom", as she was known in her family, was able to develop her intellectual, sporting and artistic abilities to the full, despite losing an eye at an early age. She was no stranger to the theatre and appeared on the London stage with members of her family on occasion.^[1]

Maxine spent her early years with her sisters Jean, Chloe and Diana at Hartsbourne Manor,^[2] the home of her aunt Maxine Elliott, a wing of which was used exclusively by Miles's parents.^[3] The house, formerly the family seat of Sir Thomas Thompson is now a private members' golf club. The Forbes-Robertsons' main family home was located at 22 Bedford Square in the heart of London's Bloomsbury district.

Forbes-Robertson was a contemporary of Barbara Cartland, with whom she was presented in 1919 as a debutante. Cartland said of Forbes-Robertson ""I do believe that once you know something nasty you can't erase it. That's why when I had my children ... I wouldn't read any racy novels -- because Blossom Forbes-Robertson, who `came out' with me in 1919, was born with an empty eye socket after her mother acted the role of a one-eyed woman during pregnancy. So I just tried to think beautiful thoughts."

As a 'bright young thing' along with Lady Diana Cooper and Elsa Maxwell, Forbes-Robertson organised 'treasure hunt' parties across London.

Marriages

Maxine married Captain Hon Inigo Brassey Freeman-Thomas (later 2nd Marquess of Willingdon), son of Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon and Lady Marie Adelaide Brassey, on 8 October 1924. Her married name became Freeman-Thomas. Maxine Elliott (her Aunt) gave Freeman-Thomas a $500,000 dowry on announcement of her marriage, and the couple lived for a time in Miss Elliot's Regents Park home.^[4] Maxine's sister, Diana, was to write that Maxine Elliott had swept Maxine's first marriage out of the hands of her parents.

In February 1931 the couple were having a low-wing monoplane built at Shoreham Airport. They planned to fly to India, where Freeman-Thomas's father had been appointed Viceroy. On 7 December 1931, The New York Times reported that Viscount Ratendone (I.B. Freeman-Thomas) was seeking a divorce from Viscountess Ratendone (Maxine Freeman-Thomas).^[5] Freeman-Thomas named F.G. Miles, flying instructor, as co-defendant with Maxine in an undefended suit and was granted a decree nisi.^[6] Maxine and Inigo Brassey Freeman-Thomas were divorced in 1932. Both Maxine and Freeman-Thomas had been members of the Southern Aero Club of Shoreham, where F.G. Miles was a director and instructor. Miles flew his Simmonds Spartan aircraft to South Africa to escape the situation and consider his position; almost immediately he returned, and he and Maxine were soon wed.

Aviation

Maxine gained her aviation certificate (Royal Aero Club certificate 9585) through her membership in the Southern Aero Club. One of the first aircraft she owned was a De Havilland DH.60X Cirrus II, registered G-EBZG, in 1928. It was damaged on landing at Shoreham, sold to Southern Aircraft Ltd, and rebuilt.

Of the aircraft Blossom helped design, the Miles Sparrowhawk is one of the most notable. F.G. Miles decided to compete in the 1935 King’s Cup Air Race and the job of producing a suitable aircraft fell to Maxine, who had just eight weeks to produce an aeroplane.^[7] With neither the time or the facilities to create something from scratch, she took a Miles Hawk, shortened the fuselage, improved the streamlining, reduced the wingspan by 5 ft, reduced the height of the undercarriage, moved the legs outwards and away from the propeller slipstream and, finally, installed extra tanks to enable the 140 hp Gypsy Major engine to complete the 953 mile course without a re-fuelling stop.

Positions and appointments

Maxine (Blossom) was a director of Phillip and Powis Aircraft Ltd, and later, when that company was purchased by her husband and brother-in-law, a shareholder of Miles Aircraft Ltd. Within the Miles company, Blossom Miles was a draughtswoman as well as looking after the social and welfare issues faced by the rapidly expanding company. In 1943 The Miles Aeronautical Technical School opened under her directorship.^[8][9]

Blossom served as one of five commissioners of the Civil Air Guard which was established in July 1938 to encourage and subsidise pilot training. Formed around civilian flying clubs, subsidised tuition was offered in exchange for an 'honourable undertaking' that in times of emergency, members would serve in the Royal Air Force Reserve.^[10][11]

References