Master of the Rolls

This article is about the English office. For the Irish office, see Master of the Rolls in Ireland.
Master of the Rolls of England and Wales

The Judiciary of England and Wales
Incumbent
Lord Dyson
since 1 October 2012
Style The Right Honourable
Nominator Judicial Appointments Commission
Appointer The Sovereign on recommendation of Prime Minister and Lord Chancellor, who are in turn given recommendations by a selection panel.
Term length Life tenure; Retirement at age 70 or 75 if appointed to a judicial post before 31 March 1995
Inaugural holder John Langton
Formation 2 September 1286
Deputy Lord Justice Moore-Bick
Salary £214,165
Website The Judiciary of England and Wales

The Keeper or Master of the Rolls and Records of the Chancery of England, known as the Master of the Rolls, is the third most senior judge in England and Wales after the President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and the Lord Chief Justice, and serves as the presiding officer of the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal and Head of Civil Justice. The position dates from at least 1286, although it is believed that the office probably existed earlier than that.[1]

The Master of the Rolls was initially a clerk responsible for keeping the "Rolls", or records, of the Court of Chancery, and was known as the Keeper of the Rolls of Chancery.[2] The Keeper was the most senior of the dozen Chancery clerks, and as such occasionally acted as keeper of the Great Seal of the Realm.[3] The post evolved into a judicial one as the Court of Chancery did; the first reference to judicial duties dates from 1520.[4] With the Judicature Act 1873, which merged the Court of Chancery with the other major courts, the Master of the Rolls joined the Chancery Division of the High Court and the Court of Appeal,[5] but left the Chancery Division by the terms of the Judicature Act 1881. He retained his clerical functions as the nominal head of the Public Record Office until the Public Records Act 1958 transferred responsibility for it to the Lord Chancellor. The Master of the Rolls was also previously responsible for registering solicitors, the officers of the Senior Courts.[6]

One of the most prominent people to hold the position was Thomas Cromwell, a highly influential figure during the reign of Henry VIII. Lord Dyson succeeded Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury as Master of the Rolls on 1 October 2012.[7]

List of Masters of the Rolls

A Tudor man in a large coat and hat, possibly of fur, sitting at a desk
Thomas Cromwell, a highly influential figure during the reign of Henry VIII
An elderly gentleman dressed in a black coat and hat, with a white ruff around his neck. He has a pointed, grey beard, and is holding a red bag with a coat of arms on it.
Sir Thomas Egerton, who served as Lord Keeper and Lord Chancellor for 21 years
A middle-aged, slightly overweight man. He has long, curled hair, possibly a wig, and a heavy, decorated robe.
Sir John Trevor, the last Speaker of the British House of Commons to resign in over 400 years until the resignation of Michael Martin in 2009
A man sitting relaxed and facing the right. He is in full judicial dress, with a wig, suit and heavy robe.
Sir Nathaniel Lindley, who made key judgments in a variety of important cases and was the last Serjeant-at-Law appointed, the last to sit as a judge and the last surviving.
An elderly gentleman walking along. He is wearing a suit with grey trousers, over which is draped a heavy robe and a gold change. A black hat with a large white plume sits on his head. In the background stands a police woman separated from a group of people by a white cordon.
Sir Thomas Bingham, who helped establish the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
No. Name Period Other positions Notes
1Langton, JohnJohn Langton2 September 1286 1 October 1295Lord Chancellor 1292–1302, 1307–1310[8][9]
2Osgodby, AdamAdam Osgodby1 October 1295 19 August 1316
—
[8]
3Airmyn, WilliamWilliam Airmyn19 August 1316 26 May 1324
—
[8]
4Airmyn, RichardRichard Airmyn26 May 1324 4 July 1325
—
[8]
5de Cliff, HenryHenry de Cliff4 July 1325 20 January 1334
—
[8]
6Wrath, MichaelMichael Wrath20 January 1334 28 April 1337
—
[8]
7de St Paul, JohnJohn de St Paul28 April 1337 10 January 1341Archbishop of Dublin 1349–1362, Lord Chancellor of Ireland 1350–1356[10]
8Evesham, ThomasThomas Evesham10 January 1341 21 February 1341
—
[10]
9Thoresby, JohnJohn Thoresby21 February 1341 2 July 1346
—
[10]
10Wollore, DavidDavid Wollore2 July 1346 28 March 1371
—
[10]
11Burstall, WilliamWilliam Burstall28 March 1371 8 September 1381
—
[10]
12Waltham, JohnJohn Waltham8 September 1381 24 October 1386Lord Privy Seal 1386–1389, Lord Chancellor 1349–1356[10][11]
13Burton, JohnJohn Burton24 October 1386 22 July 1394
—
[10]
14Scarle, JohnJohn Scarle22 July 1394 11 September 1397Lord Chancellor 1399–1401[10][12]
15Stanley, ThomasThomas Stanley11 September 1397 24 September 1402
—
[10]
16Bubwith, NicholasNicholas Bubwith24 September 1402 2 March 1405Lord Privy Seal 1405–1406, Lord High Treasurer 1407–1408[13][14]
17Wakering, JohnJohn Wakering2 March 1405 3 June 1415Lord Privy Seal 1415–1416[13][15]
18Gauntsede, SimonSimon Gauntsede3 June 1415 28 October 1423
—
[13]
19Frank, JohnJohn Frank28 October 1423 13 November 1438
—
[13]
20Stopyndon, JohnJohn Stopyndon13 November 1438 29 March 1447
—
[13]
21Kirkeby, JohnJohn Kirkeby29 March 1447 23 December 1461
—
[13]
22Kirkeham, RobertRobert Kirkeham23 December 1461 12 February 1471
—
[13]
23Morland, WilliamWilliam Morland12 February 1471 29 April 1471
—
[13]
24Alcock, JohnJohn Alcock29 April 1471 16 March 1472Lord Chancellor 1475, 1485–1487[13][16]
25Morton, JohnJohn Morton16 March 1472 9 January 1479Lord Chancellor 1487–1500, Archbishop of Canterbury 1486–1500[13][17]
26Morton, RobertRobert Morton9 January 1479 22 September 1483
—
[18]
27Barowe, ThomasThomas Barowe22 September 1483 22 August 1485
—
[18]
28Morton, RobertRobert Morton22 August 1485 26 February 1487
—
[18]
29William, DavidDavid William26 February 1487 5 May 1492
—
[18]
30Blyth, JohnJohn Blyth5 May 1492 13 February 1494
—
[18]
31Warham, WilliamWilliam Warham13 February 1494 1 February 1502Keeper of the Great Seal 1502–1504, Lord Chancellor 1504–1515, Archbishop of Canterbury 1503–1532[18][19]
32Barnes, WilliamWilliam Barnes1 February 1502 13 November 1504
—
[18]
33Bainbridge, ChristopherChristopher Bainbridge13 November 1504 22 January 1508Archbishop of York 1508–1514[18][20]
34Yonge, JohnJohn Yonge22 January 1508 12 May 1516
—
[21]
35Tunstall, CuthbertCuthbert Tunstall12 May 1516 20 October 1522Lord Privy Seal 1523–1530[21][22]
36Clerk, JohnJohn Clerk20 October 1522 9 October 1523
—
[21]
37Hannibal, ThomasThomas Hannibal9 October 1523 26 June 1527
—
[21]
38Taylor, JohnJohn Taylor26 June 1527 8 October 1534Archdeacon of Derby 1516–1533, Archdeacon of Buckingham 1516–1534[21]
39Cromwell, ThomasThomas Cromwell8 October 1534 10 July 1536Secretary of State 1533–1536, Lord Privy Seal 1536–1540[21][23]
40Hales, ChristopherChristopher Hales10 July 1536 1 July 1541Solicitor General 1525–1529, Attorney General 1529–1536[21][24]
41Southwell, Sir RobertSir Robert Southwell1 July 1541 13 December 1550
—
[21]
42Beaumont, JohnJohn Beaumont13 December 1550 18 June 1552
—
[21]
43Bowes, Sir RobertSir Robert Bowes18 June 1552 18 September 1553
—
[21]
44Hare, Sir NicholasSir Nicholas Hare18 September 1553 5 November 1557Speaker of the House of Commons 1539–1540[25][26]
45Cordell, Sir WilliamSir William Cordell5 November 1557 30 May 1581Solicitor General 1553–1557, Speaker of the House of Commons 1558[25][27]
46Gerard, Sir GilbertSir Gilbert Gerard30 May 1581 10 April 1594Attorney General 1559–1581[25][28]
47Egerton, Sir ThomasSir Thomas Egerton10 April 1594 18 May 1603Solicitor General 1581–1592, Attorney General 1592–1594, Lord Chancellor 1596–1617, First Lord of the Treasury 1613–1614[25][29]
48Bruce, 1st Lord Kinloss, 1st Lord Bruce, EdwardEdward Bruce, 1st Lord Kinloss, 1st Lord Bruce18 May 1603 14 January 1611
—
[25]
49Phelips, Sir EdwardSir Edward Phelips14 January 1611 1 September 1614Speaker of the House of Commons 1603–1611[25][30]
50Caesar, Sir JuliusSir Julius Caesar1 September 1614 18 April 1636 Chancellor of the Exchequer 1606–1614[25]
51Digges, Sir DudleySir Dudley Digges18 April 1636 30 March 1639
—
[25]
52Caesar, Sir CharlesSir Charles Caesar30 March 1639 28 January 1643
—
[25]
53Colepeper, The LordThe Lord Colepeper (royalist)28 January 1643 3 November 1660Chancellor of the Exchequer 1642–1643[25][31]
54Lenthall, WilliamWilliam Lenthall (parliamentary)10 November 1643 14 May 1659Speaker of the House of Commons 1640–1647, 1647–1653, 1654–1655, 1659–1660[32][33]
55Grimston, Sir HarbottleSir Harbottle Grimston3 November 1660 12 January 1685Speaker of the House of Commons 1660[32][34]
56Churchill, Sir JohnSir John Churchill12 January 1685 20 October 1685 Attorney-General 1673–85[35] [32]
57Trevor, Sir JohnSir John Trevor20 October 1685 13 March 1689
—
[32]
58Powle, Sir HenrySir Henry Powle13 March 1689 13 January 1693Speaker of the House of Commons 1689[32][36]
59Trevor, Sir JohnSir John Trevor13 January 1693 13 July 1717Speaker of the House of Commons 1685–1689, 1693–1717[32][37]
60Jekyll, Sir JosephSir Joseph Jekyll13 July 1717 9 October 1738
—
[32]
61Verney, Sir JohnSir John Verney9 October 1738 5 November 1741
—
[32]
62Fortescue, WilliamWilliam Fortescue5 November 1741 15 January 1750
—
[32]
63Strange, Sir JohnSir John Strange16 January 1750 18 May 1754Solicitor General 1737–1742[32][38]
64Clarke, Sir ThomasSir Thomas Clarke25 May 1754 13 November 1764
—
[39]
65Sewell, Sir ThomasSir Thomas Sewell4 December 1764 30 March 1784
—
[39]
66Kenyon, Sir LloydSir Lloyd Kenyon30 March 1784 4 June 1788Attorney General 1782–1783, 1783–1784, Lord Chief Justice 1788–1802[39][40]
67Arden, Sir RichardSir Richard Arden4 June 1788 27 May 1801Solicitor General 1782–1783, 1783–1784, Attorney General 1784–1788, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1801–1804[39][41]
68Grant, Sir WilliamSir William Grant1801 1817Solicitor General 1799–1801[39][42]
69Plumer, Sir ThomasSir Thomas Plumer6 January 1818 5 April 1824Solicitor General 1807–1812, Attorney General 1812–1813[39][43]
70Gifford, The LordThe Lord Gifford5 April 1824 14 September 1826Solicitor General 1817–1819, Attorney General 1819–1824, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1824[39][44]
71Singleton Copley, Sir JohnSir John Singleton Copley14 September 1826 3 May 1827Solicitor General 1819–1824, Attorney General 1824–1826, Lord Chancellor 1827–1830, 1834–1835, 1841–1846[39][45]
72Leach, Sir JohnSir John Leach3 May 1827 29 September 1834Vice Chancellor of England 1818–1827[39][46]
73Pepys, Bt, Sir CharlesSir Charles Pepys, Bt29 September 1834 16 January 1836Solicitor General 1834, Lord Chancellor 1836–1841, 1846–1850[39][47]
74Langdale, The LordThe Lord Langdale16 January 1836 28 March 1851
—
[48]
75Romilly, The LordThe Lord Romilly28 March 1851 30 August 1873Solicitor General 1848, Attorney General 1850[48]
76Jessel, Sir GeorgeSir George Jessel30 August 1873 21 March 1883Solicitor General 1871–1873[48][49]
77Esher, The LordThe Lord Esher3 April 1883 19 October 1897Solicitor General 1868[48][50]
78Lindley, Sir NathanielSir Nathaniel Lindley19 October 1897 9 May 1900
—
[48][51]
79Alverstone, The LordThe Lord Alverstone9 May 1900 24 October 1900Lord Chief Justice 1900–1913[48][52]
80Levin Smith, Sir ArchibaldSir Archibald Levin Smith24 October 1900 19 October 1901
—
[48]
81Collins, Sir RichardSir Richard Collins19 October 1901 6 March 1907
—
[48][53]
82Cozens-Hardy, Sir HerbertSir Herbert Cozens-Hardy6 March 1907 3 May 1918Created Baron Cozens-Hardy in 1914.[48]
83Swinfen Eady, Sir CharlesSir Charles Swinfen Eady3 May 1918 3 November 1919
—
[48]
84Sterndale, The LordThe Lord Sterndale3 November 1919 7 August 1923President of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division 1918–1919[54][55]
85Pollock, Sir ErnestSir Ernest Pollock11 October 1923 7 October 1935Solicitor General 1919–1922, Attorney General 1922, created Baron Hanworth in 1926.[54][56]
86Wright, The LordThe Lord Wright7 October 1935 26 April 1937
—
[54]
87Greene, The LordThe Lord Greene26 April 1937 1 June 1949
—
[54]
88Evershed, The LordThe Lord Evershed1 June 1949 19 April 1962Created Baron Evershed in 1956.[54]
89Denning, The LordThe Lord Denning19 April 1962 30 July 1982
—
[54]
90Donaldson of Lymington, The LordThe Lord Donaldson of Lymington30 July 1982 1 October 1992Created Baron Donaldson of Lymington in 1988.[54]
91Bingham of Cornhill, The LordThe Lord Bingham of Cornhill1 October 1992 4 June 1996Lord Chief Justice 1996–2000; Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary 2000–2008[57]
92Woolf, The LordThe Lord Woolf4 June 1996 6 June 2000Lord Chief Justice 2000–2005[58]
93Phillips of Worth Matravers, The LordThe Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers6 June 2000 3 October 2005Lord Chief Justice 2005–2008, President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom 2009–2012[59]
94Lord Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony, TheThe Lord Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony3 October 2005 30 September 2009Created Baron Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony in 2009; Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, 2009–present[60]
95Neuberger of Abbotsbury, The LordThe Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury1 October 2009 30 September 2012President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, 2012–present[61]
96Dyson, LordLord Dyson1 October 2012 IncumbentJustice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, 2010–2012[62]

References

  1. ↑ Sainty (1993) p. 144
  2. ↑ Hanworth (1935) p. 310
  3. ↑ Hanworth (1935) p. 316
  4. ↑ Hanworth (1935) p. 327
  5. ↑ "Oxford DNB theme:Masters of the Rolls". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 13 October 2008.
  6. ↑ "Judicial Profiles – Master of the Rolls". Judiciary of England and Wales. Archived from the original on 21 April 2009. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
  7. ↑ "Appointment of Master of the Rolls". Judiciary of England and Wales. 29 August 2012.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sainty (1993) p. 145
  9. ↑ Buck, Mark Cobden (2004). "Langton, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/16040. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sainty (1993) p. 146
  11. ↑ Davies, Richard Garfield (2008) [2004]. "Waltham, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28645. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  12. ↑ McHardy, Alison Kemp (2008) [2004]. "Scarle, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/24782. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sainty (1993) p. 147
  14. ↑ Davies, Richard Garfield (2009) [2004]. "Bubwith, Nicholas". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37238. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  15. ↑ Davies, Richard Garfield (2004). "Wakering, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28424. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  16. ↑ Schoeck, Richard J. (2010) [2004]. "Alcock, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/289. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  17. ↑ Harper-Bill, Christopher (2004). "Morton, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19363. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sainty (1993) p. 148
  19. ↑ Scarisbrick, Jack (2008) [2004]. "Warham, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28741. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  20. ↑ Chambers, David (2008) [2004]. "Bainbridge, Christopher". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1081. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sainty (1993) p. 149
  22. ↑ Newcombe, David (2013) [2004]. "Tunstal, Cuthbert". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27817. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  23. ↑ Leithead, Howard (2009) [2004]. "Cromwell, Thomas". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/6769. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  24. ↑ Baker, John (2004). "Hales, Christopher". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/11909. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sainty (1993) p. 150
  26. ↑ Baker, John (2008) [2004]. "Hare, Nicholas". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12305. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  27. ↑ Baker, John (2008) [2004]. "Cordell, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/6306. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  28. ↑ Brooks, Christopher W. (2008) [2004]. "Gerard, Gilbert". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/10552. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  29. ↑ Baker, John (2007) [2004]. "Egerton, Thomas". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8594. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  30. ↑ More, Rebecca S. (2008) [2004]. "Phelips, Edward". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22089. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  31. ↑ Smith, David L. (2005) [2004]. "Colepeper, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5876. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sainty (1993) p. 151
  33. ↑ Roberts, Stephen K. (2005) [2004]. "Lenthall, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/16467. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  34. ↑ Brooks, Christopher W. (2008) [2004]. "Grimston, Harbottle". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/11640. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  35. ↑ www.historyofparliamentonline.org
  36. ↑ Handley, Stuart (2008) [2004]. "Powle, Henry". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22674. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  37. ↑ Ellis, Kathryn (2008) [2004]. "Trevor, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27729. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  38. ↑ Hanham, Andrew (2008) [2004]. "Strange, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26635. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sainty (1993) p. 152
  40. ↑ Hay, Douglas (2009) [2004]. "Kenyon, Lloyd". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15431. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  41. ↑ Lemmings, David Frederick (2008) [2004]. "Arden, Richard Pepper". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/634. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  42. ↑ Fisher, David (2008) [2004]. "Grant, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/11292. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  43. ↑ Polden, Patrick (2008) [2004]. "Plumer, Thomas". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22396. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  44. ↑ Rigg, James McMullen; Mooney, Hugh (2004). "Gifford, Robert". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/10667. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  45. ↑ Jones, Gareth H. (2008) [2004]. "Copley, John Singleton". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/6272. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  46. ↑ Lobban, Michael (2008) [2004]. "Leach, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/16228. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  47. ↑ Jones, Gareth H. (2008) [2004]. "Pepys, Charles Christopher". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21902. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sainty (1993) p. 153
  49. ↑ Jones, Gareth H. (2004). "Jessel, George". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/14803. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  50. ↑ Hedley, Steve W. (2004). "Brett, William Baliol". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/3350. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  51. ↑ Jones, Gareth H.; Jones, Vivienne (2006) [2004]. "Lindley, Nathaniel". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34535. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  52. ↑ Mackinnon, Frank Douglas; Jones, Neil (2004). "Webster, Richard Everard". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36810. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  53. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 27367. p. 6846. 22 October 1901.
  54. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sainty (1993) p. 154
  55. ↑ Mackinnon, Frank Douglas; Mooney, Hugh (2006) [2004]. "Pickford, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35525. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  56. ↑ Wrottesley, Frederic; Samuels, Alec (2008) [2004]. "Pollock, Ernest Murray". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35562. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  57. ↑ "Lord Bingham of Cornhill". The Times (London). 21 April 2008. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
  58. ↑ "The liberal arm ofthe [sic] law". The Independent (London). 20 June 2000. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
  59. ↑ "Lord Phillips: 'We don't need fancy dress'". The Independent (London). 18 June 2002. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
  60. ↑ "Sir Anthony Clarke". The Times (London). 21 April 2008. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
  61. ↑ Gibb, Frances (23 July 2009). "Lord Neuberger". The Times (London). Retrieved 8 September 2009.
  62. ↑ "Appointment of Master of the Rolls". 10 Downing Street Press Notice (London). 29 August 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.

Bibliography

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