Mascara, Algeria
| Mascara معسكر | ||
|---|---|---|
| City | ||
| ||
 | ||
  Mascara Location in Algeria | ||
| Coordinates: 35°23′00″N 0°09′00″E / 35.383333°N 0.15°E | ||
| Country |
 Algeria | |
| Province | Mascara Province | |
| District | Mascara District | |
| Founded | 1701 | |
| Population (2008 census) | ||
| • Total | 108,629 | |
| Time zone | +1 (UTC+1) | |
| Postal code | 29000 | |
Mascara (Arabic: معسكر) is the capital city of Mascara Province, Algeria, in northwestern Algeria. It has 150,000 inhabitants (2008 estimate). It was founded in the 10th century by the Banu Ifran, a Berber tribe and was the capital city of Emir Abd al-Qadir, a leader of the Algerian resistance to early French colonial rule.
Mascara is an administrative, commercial and a market centre. Its trade is mostly centered on leather goods, grains, and olive oil, but it is especially famous for its good wine. It has good road and rail connections with other urban centres of Algeria. Relizane is 65 kilometres (40 miles) northeast, Sidi Bel Abbes 90 km (56 mi) southwest, Oran 105 kkm northwest and Saïda 80 km (50 mi) south.
Mascara has two parts, a newer French area, and an older Muslim one. Large parts of the town lie inside the ruins of its ancient ramparts. The city is home of Lakhdar Belloumi, the former Algerian football (soccer) star.
Etymology
The word mascara (cosmetic) is unrelated etymologically, being derived from Italian maschera ‘masked.’[1] Some sources, however, do attribute it to another Arabic word, masḵara ‘buffoon.’[2]
Berber period/Arab invasion
In 11th century, Banu Hilal, an Arab tribe living between the Nile and the Red Sea, settled in Tunisia, Tripolitania (western Libya) and Constantinois (eastern Algeria) which was part of Mascara.
Ottoman period
- 1701: Ottomans built a military garrison in the town. Many Muslims with Andalucian origins were settled there by the Ottomans.
- 1708: The Muslim tribes of Mascara led by the bey Mustapha Ben Youcef captured the city of Oran and expelled the Spaniards while they were busy in the War of the Spanish Succession.
- 1732: Spain regains control of Oran.
- 1790: Famine and sickness had begun to aggravate the situation in Oran when the bey of Mascara appeared before the town with 30,000 men. The Spanish commander held out till August 1791, when the Spanish government, having made terms with the bey of Algiers, was allowed to set sail for Spain with their guns and ammunition. The bey Mohammed took possession of Oran in March 1792, and made it his residence instead of Mascara.[3]
French invasion and early French rule
- 1832: Abd al-Qadir makes Mascara his headquarters.
- 1835: Mascara is destroyed by the French.
- 1841: The French establish full control over Mascara.
Algeria (sovereign state)
- August 18, 1994: An earthquake measuring 5.7 on the moment magnitude scale and having a maximum intensity of VIII (Damaging) kills 171 people in Mascara.[4]
Twin towns – sister cities
Mascara is twinned with:
References
- ↑ Oxford English Dictionary.
- ↑ New Oxford American Dictionary (2 ed.).
late 19th cent.: from Italian, literally ‘mask’, from Arabic masḵara ‘buffoon’.
- ↑ http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Oran
- ↑ Benouar, D.; Aoudia, A.; Maouche, S.; Meghraou, M. (1994), "The 18 August 1994 Mascara (Algeria) earthquake—a quick-look report", Terra Nova (Wiley) 6 (6): 634
- ↑ "Kardeş Şehirler". Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Basın Koordinasyon Merkez. Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Retrieved 2013-07-27.
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