Maryina roshcha District

Not to be confused with Maryino District.
Maryina roshcha District
район Марьина роща (Russian)

Location of Maryina roshcha District in Moscow (pre-2012 map)
Coordinates: 55°48′N 37°37′E / 55.800°N 37.617°E / 55.800; 37.617Coordinates: 55°48′N 37°37′E / 55.800°N 37.617°E / 55.800; 37.617
Coat of arms
Flag
Location
Country Russia
Federal subject federal city of Moscow[1]
Municipal structure (as of June 2013)
Municipally incorporated as Maryina roshcha Municipal Okrug[2]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 65,973 inhabitants[3]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[4]
Official website
Maryina roshcha District on WikiCommons
Population of Maryina roshcha District
2010 Census 65,973[3]
2002 Census 60,194[5]

Maryina roshcha District (Russian: райо́н Ма́рьина ро́ща, lit. "Mary's grove") is an administrative district (raion), one of the seventeen in North-Eastern Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia.[1] As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 65,973.[3]

The historical area of Maryina Roshcha, which emerged in the mid-19th century on the site of Sheremetev family lands, retained its low-rise, country style until the 1960s.

History

The village of Maryino (Ма́рьино), also known as Boyarkino (Боя́ркино), appears in official registers since 1678, when it had a population of 102 people in 22 households. Maryino and the adjacent village of Ostankino (located on the territory of modern Ostankinsky District) with a park were owned by the Cherkassky family. In the mid-18th century, the last Princess Cherkassky married Count P.B. Sheremetev and the land passed into Sheremetev family's possession. Sheremetevskaya Street—the main north-south street of the district—is still named after these past landlords. Around this time, a grove (roshcha) near the village of Maryino was called "Maryina", a name that "has stuck to this day, even though the grove was completely cut down in the late 19th century".[6]

After the Great Fire of 1812, the groves between Moscow and Maryino were felled for timber, but quickly recovered and became a popular picnic destination. The name Maryina Roshcha became a toponym independent of the old Maryino village. Vasily Zhukovsky wrote a romantic story of the same name; his version of the etymology is pure fiction, as is the legend linking Maryina Roshcha to a female highway robber called Marya.

Between 1851 and 1882, railroad construction isolated Maryina Roshcha from Moscow (south) and Ostankino (north). In the 1880s, a French real estate developer signed a long-term lease with the Sheremetev family, cleared the trees, and leveled the area for cheap low-rise construction, creating the rectangular grid of streets and alleys that still exists today. However, they did not bother to set up water supply or a sewage system. The proximity of railroads quickly attracted industrialists like Gustav List, who built factories on the edges of Maryina Roshcha. Wooden houses were occupied by workers of these factories, including an ethnic minority of Mordvin laborers, who settled in the area in 1901. The existing orthodox church of Unexpected Joy (photographs) was built by public subscription in 1899-1904 and operated continuously through the Soviet years.

Maryina Roshcha, located outside the Moscow city limits, was inadequately policed by the country administration. This attracted shady persons, and the area was considered a criminal ghetto, especially after World War I and Russian Civil War, when law-abiding men where drafted and perished in the army, and the Bolshevik administration expropriated all livestock from the residents. The area remained unsafe until the 1960s. The post-World War II Maryina Roshcha underworld was featured in The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed mini-series.

Joseph Stalin's master plan of 1935 proposed building a north-south highway through Maryina Roshcha, which would have led to demolition of the 19th-century housing. This plan did not materialize, and while wooden Maryina Roshcha was being gradually demolished, some wooden building survived until the 1960s. The remainder was cleared in the late 1970s in preparation for the 1980 Summer Olympics. The last remaining tram lines were closed in 2002 (see 2002 photographs ), when the district's southern boundary was converted into the Third Ring highway.

The Third Ring Road

Municipal status

As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Maryina roshcha Municipal Okrug.[2]

Transportation

Moscow Metro had expanded the Lyublinskaya Line to Maryina Roshcha metro station on June 19, 2010.[7] Also the district is accessible via Savyolovskaya, Rizhskaya (south), and Alexeyevskaya (north) stations.

The Savyolovsky railway station of the Moscow Railway is located in the district.

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 Law #13-47
  2. 1 2 Law #59
  3. 1 2 3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  4. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  5. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  6. ↑ Vladimir Kozlov, "The colourful past and present of Maryina Roshcha". The Moscow News, September 13, 2010.
  7. ↑ Марьина Роща (Russian)

Sources

Further reading

External links

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