Marvin Griffin

Marvin Griffin
72nd Governor of Georgia
In office January 11, 1955 – January 13, 1959
Lieutenant	Ernest Vandiver
Preceded by	Herman Talmadge
Succeeded by	Ernest Vandiver
2nd Lieutenant Governor of Georgia
In office November 17, 1948 – January 11, 1955
Governor	Herman Talmadge
Preceded by	Melvin E. Thompson
Succeeded by	Ernest Vandiver
Personal details
Born	Samuel Marvin Griffin (1907-09-04)September 4, 1907 Bainbridge, Georgia, U.S.
Died	June 13, 1982(1982-06-13) (aged 74) Georgia, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Mary Elizabeth "Lib" Smith Laura Jane Gibson "Lollie"
Children	Patricia Ann Griffin (daughter) Samuel Marvin Griffin, Jr. (son)
Alma mater	The Citadel
Military service
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Army
Years of service	1941–1947
Rank	Brigadier general
Unit	Georgia National Guard
Commands	Adjutant General of Georgia
Battles/wars	World War II

Samuel Marvin Griffin, Sr. (September 4, 1907 – June 13, 1982) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Georgia.

A lifelong Democrat, Griffin was a native of Bainbridge, Georgia. He served as the 72nd Governor of Georgia from 1955 to 1959, where he supported educational segregation and opposed the integration of Georgia schools. After the end of his gubernatorial tenure, he returned to his native Bainbridge and entered the real estate business, helping to found the Bainbridge College in 1970. He worked on the college's board of directors and died from lung cancer in 1982.

Early life and education

Griffin was born in Bainbridge, Georgia and graduated from The Citadel in 1929. He taught in Virginia for a short time before moving back to Bainbridge.^[1]

Career

Georgia assembly and cabinet

In 1934, Griffin, a lifelong Democrat, was elected to the Georgian general assembly. Two years later, he failed in an attempt to be elected to the House of Representatives. After that, he served in the administration of Governor Eurith D. Rivers, rising to the post of executive secretary. He also owned the Bainbridge radio station, WMGR, which was established in the late 1940s. The call sign was for Marvin Griffin Radio.

Military service

When the United States entered World War II, Griffin was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army, and later rose to the rank of brigadier general. He was appointed adjutant general of the Georgia National Guard in 1944, serving in that position until 1947.

Lieutenant Governor of Georgia

Griffin became the first elected Lieutenant Governor of Georgia to serve after he won a special election in 1948. The first person elected as Georgia's lieutenant governor was Melvin E. Thompson, who never took the office but instead claimed the office of Governor after the death of Governor-elect Eugene Talmadge. Griffin was elected to a full term in 1950.

Governor of Georgia

1954 election

Griffin was seen as the successor to Governor Herman Talmadge, and he won the governorship in 1954 before runoff elections were required in Georgia. Griffin received a plurality of 36.3 percent of the ballots cast. Melvin E. Thompson, Griffin's predecessor as lieutenant governor, trailed with 25.1 percent.^[2] Another primary candidate was the later Atlanta Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr. As governor, Griffin was a staunch segregationist. He spoke out against the Brown v. Board of Education decision and pledged to keep Georgia's schools segregated "come hell or high water."^[3]

Springhill mining disaster

In 1958, Griffin, who was a segregationist and accused of being racist, took advantage of the intense media coverage surrounding the Springhill mining disaster in Springhill, Nova Scotia, Canada to promote tourism to his state by offering a group of survivors free vacations to Jekyll Island. However, to the segregationist governor's chagrin, one of the rescued miners was black, resulting in a public relations nightmare.^[4]

1956 Sugar Bowl

Much controversy preceded the 1956 Sugar Bowl, where the Pitt Panthers, including African-American player Bobby Grier, were scheduled to meet the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets. There was controversy over whether Grier should be allowed to play, and whether Georgia Tech should even play at all due to Governor Griffin's opposition to integration.^[5] In anticipation of Bobby Grier's presence, in December 1955, Griffin publicly sent a telegram to his state's Board of Regents. Griffin implored teams from Georgia not to engage in racially integrated events which had African Americans either as participants or as spectators.

A large contingent from the New Orleans community, as well as many related to Georgia Tech, openly fought to bar either Grier, Pitt, or the Yellow Jacket team from the game. However, students and football players from the Atlanta-based school, civil rights leaders, as well as a large number of the Pitt community, succeeded in ensuring that the game took place.

Corruption charges

Griffin's term was marred by charges of corruption. According to Atlanta historian Frederick Allen, Griffin was "a man of prodigious charm and wit and also one of the most corrupt public officials ever to hold office in Georgia." Several administration members were found guilty of crimes and Griffin was investigated in 1960 by a grand jury, which returned no true bills.

1962 election

In 1962, Griffin ran once more for governor but lost in the primary to a moderate candidate, Carl Sanders. Griffin received 332,746 votes (39 percent) to Sanders' 494,978 (58.7 percent).^[2] Thereafter, Griffin largely retired from politics.

In the 1966 gubernatorial race, Griffin supported Democratic nominee Lester Maddox, an Atlanta businessman known for his segregationist views. Maddox's opponent, Republican U.S. Representative Howard Callaway, had supported Griffin in the latter's 1962 campaign. As the publisher of the Post Searchlight in Bainbridge, Griffin at first indicated that he would repay Callaway for the earlier support, but he instead held firm for Maddox. "I consider Bo Callaway one of my best friends, but I can't go with him in the governor's race," Griffin said. Conversely, former Governor Ernest Vandiver, who as lieutenant governorfrom 1955 to 1959 had frequently quarreled with Governor Griffin, dismissed Maddox as "a pipsqueak" and endorsed Callaway.^[6]

In 1968, Griffin was a stand-in candidate for Vice President of the United States on George C. Wallace's American Independent Party ticket. Griffin was thereafter replaced in the second slot by United States Air Force General Curtis LeMay although Griffin's name stayed on the ballot in several states.

Later life and death

After the end of his gubernatorial tenure, Griffin returned to his hometown of Bainbridge and went into the real estate business. He helped to found Bainbridge College in 1970, where classes began in 1973. He was a leading advocate and member of the college's board of directors. He also oversaw and directed the Decatur County Sesquicentennial in 1973, at which former Georgia governor and future President Jimmy Carter was the honored guest. Griffin died in June 1982 due to complications from lung cancer, his efforts to keep Georgia schools segregated having failed.

See also

• List of Governors of Georgia

References

Further reading

• Allen, Frederick (1996). Atlanta Rising. Marietta, Georgia: Longstreet Press. pp. 59–61. ISBN 1-56352-296-9. 
• Buchanan, Scott E. (2011). "Some of the People Who Ate My Barbecue Didn't Vote for Me": The Life of Georgia Governor Marvin Griffin. Vanderbilt University Press. p. 286. 

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Georgia (U.S. state)

• Marvin Griffin at The New Georgia Encyclopedia

Governors of Georgia Council Presidents (1775–76) Ewen Walton Ewen Presidents (1776–77) Bulloch Gwinnett Governors (since 1777) Treutlen Houstoun Glascock Cuthbert Wereat Walton Howly Wells Heard Davies Brownson Martin Hall Houstoun Elbert Telfair Mathews Handley Walton Telfair Mathews Irwin Jackson Emanuel Tattnall Milledge Irwin Mitchell Early Mitchell Rabun Talbot Clark Troup Forsyth Gilmer Lumpkin Schley Gilmer McDonald Crawford Towns Cobb H. Johnson J. E. Brown J. Johnson Jenkins Ruger Bullock Conley J. Smith Colquitt Stephens Boynton McDaniel Gordon Northen Atkinson Candler Terrell H. Smith J. M. Brown H. Smith Slaton J.M. Brown Slaton N. Harris Dorsey Hardwick Walker Hardman Russell E. Talmadge Rivers E. Talmadge Arnall Thompson H. Talmadge Griffin Vandiver Sanders Maddox Carter Busbee J. F. Harris Miller Barnes Perdue Deal

Lieutenant Governors of Georgia Thompson Griffin Vandiver Byrd Geer Smith Maddox Miller Howard Taylor Cagle