Marquess of Exeter
Marquess of Exeter is a title that has been created twice, once in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The first creation came in the Peerage of England in 1525 for Henry Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon. For more information on this creation, which was forfeited in 1538, see the Earl of Devon.
History
The title is chiefly associated with the Cecil family, descended from the courtier Richard Cecil of the parish of Stamford Baron St Martin in Northamptonshire. His only son, Sir William Cecil, was a prominent statesman and served as Secretary of State, Lord High Treasurer and Lord Privy Seal. In 1571 he was created Baron Burghley, in the County of Northampton, in the Peerage of England. His son from his second marriage to Mildred Cooke, Sir Robert Cecil, was created Earl of Salisbury in 1605 and is the ancestor of the Marquesses of Salisbury. Lord Burghley was succeeded by his son from his first marriage to Mary Cheke, Thomas, the second Baron. He represented Stamford, Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire in the House of Commons, served as Lord Lieutenant of Yorkshire and as President of the Council of the North and was also a distinguished soldier. In 1605 Thomas Cecil was created Earl of Exeter in the Peerage of England (on the same day his half-brother was created Earl of Salisbury).
Thomas was succeeded by his eldest son William Cecil, the second Earl. He served as Lord Lieutenant of Northamptonshire. Lord Exeter married as his first wife Elizabeth, 16th Baroness de Ros. Their son William succeeded his mother in the barony at the age of one. However, he died childless during his father's lifetime (when the barony was inherited by his cousin Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland). Lord Exeter had no other sons and was succeeded by his nephew, the third Earl. He was the son of the Hon. Sir Richard Cecil, second son of the first Earl. He represented Peterborough in the Short Parliament. His son, the fourth Earl, was Lord Lieutenant of Northamptonshire. He was succeeded by his son, the fifth Earl. He sat as Member of Parliament for Northamptonshire.
His son, the sixth Earl, represented Rutland in Parliament and served as Lord Lieutenant of Rutland. His second son, the eighth Earl (who succeeded his elder brother), briefly represented Stamford in the House of Commons. His eldest son, the ninth Earl, was Member of Parliament for Rutland and also Lord Lieutenant of that county. He was childless and was succeeded by his nephew, the tenth Earl. He was the son of the Hon. Thomas Chambers Cecil, second son of the eighth Earl.
Creation as Marquess
Lord Exeter represented Stamford in Parliament for sixteen years. In 1801 he was created Marquess of Exeter in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
His son, the second Marquess, was a Tory politician and notably served as Lord Chamberlain of the Household and Lord Steward of the Household. He was succeeded by his son, the third Marquess. He was a Conservative politician and held office as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household and Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms. His eldest son, the fourth Marquess, represented Northamptonshire North in the House of Commons and served briefly as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household under his kinsman Lord Salisbury. He was succeeded by his son, the fifth Marquess. He was a Colonel in the Royal Field Artillery and served as Lord Lieutenant of Northamptonshire.
His eldest son, the sixth Marquess, was a Conservative politician and prominent athlete and sports official. He won the 400-metre hurdles at the 1928 Summer Olympics and was later President of the International Amateur Athletic Federation and Vice-President of the International Olympic Committee. Lord Exeter also represented Peterborough in the House of Commons and served as Governor of Bermuda. He died without surviving male issue and was succeeded by his younger brother, the seventh Marquess. He was proprietor of a cattle ranch at 100 Mile House, British Columbia, in Canada. In 1954 he became head of the Emissaries of Divine Light, an obscure religious group. As of 2013 the titles are held by his only son, the eighth Marquess, who succeeded in 1988. He operates the ranch; from 1988 to 1996 he also headed the Emissaries of Divine Light.
Another member of the Cecil family was the naval commander Edward Cecil, 1st Viscount Wimbledon (a title which became extinct on his death in 1638). He was the third son of the first Earl of Exeter. Also, Lord William Cecil, third son of the third Marquess, married Mary, 2nd Baroness Amherst of Hackney. Their grandson William succeeded in the barony in 1919. Another member of this branch of the family is Vice-Admiral Sir Nigel Cecil. Lord John Joicey-Cecil, fourth son of the third Marquess, was Conservative Member of Parliament for Stamford.
The marquessate of Exeter is the senior marquessate in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The Marquesses also hold the title of hereditary Grand Almoner and Lord Paramount of Peterborough.
The ancestral home of the Marquesses of Exeter is Burghley House, near Stamford, Lincolnshire. It is now run by a trust founded by the family.
Marquesses of Exeter, first creation (1525)
- Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter, 2nd Earl of Devon, attainted 1538, executed 1539; for his family, see Earl of Devon.
Barons Burghley (1571)
- William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (1521–1598)
- Thomas Cecil, 2nd Baron Burghley (1542–1623) (created Earl of Exeter in 1605)
Earls of Exeter (1605)
- Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter (1542–1623)
- William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Exeter (1566–1640)
- David Cecil, 3rd Earl of Exeter (c. 1600–1643)
- John Cecil, 4th Earl of Exeter (1628–1678)
- John Cecil, 5th Earl of Exeter (c. 1648–1700)
- John Cecil, 6th Earl of Exeter (1674–1721)
- John Cecil, 7th Earl of Exeter (c. 1700–1722)
- Brownlow Cecil, 8th Earl of Exeter (1701–1754)
- Brownlow Cecil, 9th Earl of Exeter (1725–1793)
- Henry Cecil, 10th Earl of Exeter (1754–1804) (created Marquess of Exeter in 1801)
Marquesses of Exeter, second creation (1801)
- Henry Cecil, 1st Marquess of Exeter (1754–1804)
- Brownlow Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Exeter (1795–1867)
- William Alleyne Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Exeter (1825–1895)
- Brownlow Henry George Cecil, 4th Marquess of Exeter (1849–1898)
- William Thomas Brownlow Cecil, 5th Marquess of Exeter (1876–1956)
- David George Brownlow Cecil, 6th Marquess of Exeter (1905–1981)
- William Martin Alleyne Cecil, 7th Marquess of Exeter (1909–1988)
- (William) Michael Anthony Cecil, 8th Marquess of Exeter (b. 1935)
The heir apparent is the present holder's son Anthony John Cecil, Lord Burghley (b. 1970).
The heir apparent's heir presumptive is his kinsman (Hugh) William Amherst Cecil, 5th Baron Amherst of Hackney (b. 1968) who is descended from the third son of the third Marquess. His heir is his only son the Hon. Jack William Cecil (b. 2001)
See also
- Viscount Wimbledon
- Marquess of Salisbury
- Baron de Ros
- Baron Rockley
- Viscount Cecil of Chelwood
- Baron Quickswood
- Baron Amherst of Hackney
Notes
References
- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,
- Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
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