Marko Pohlin

Marko Pohlin

Marko Pohlin (13 April 1735 – 4 February 1801), was a Slovene philologist and author. He is generally considered the first exponent of the Age of Enlightenment in the Slovene Lands.

He was born Anton Pohlin in Ljubljana, in what was then the Duchy of Carniola in the Habsburg Monarchy, as the son of a tavern owner. He studied in Jesuit colleges in Novo Mesto and Ljubljana, and joined the Augustinian order.

He is best known for his book Kraynska grammatica (Carniolan Grammar), a grammar of Slovene written in German. In it, Pohlin attempted to modernize Adam Bohorič's sixteenth-century grammar. The work is especially important for its preface, in which Pohlin praised Slovene and rejected those that regarded it as rough and unworthy of being used in literature. Pohlin also composed a Slovene-German-Latin dictionary entitled Tu malu besedishe treh jesikov (Small Trilingual Dictionary) or Dictionarium slavicum carniolicum (Slavic-Carniolan Dictionary). In 1779, he published the first issue of Pisanice (Writings), an almanac of popular songs from Carniola and Carinthia.

Pohlin was also the author of the book Kraynske kroneke (The Carniolan Chronicles, 1770), which is considered the first work of historiography written in Slovene. In his monograph, republished and enlarged in 1788, Pohlin took as a source the Dalmatian humanist historian Mauro Orbini, who saw the Slavs as the most ancient people in Europe. Pohlin's historiographic work is considered of little worth but it was important in boosting the ethnic consciousness of his contemporary countymen.

Although Pohlin's linguistic innovations were later rejected by his successors, his Kraynska grammatika marked the beginning of the revival of Slovene language and culture, which was later continued in Zois' circle.

He died in the monastery of Mariabrunn near Vienna.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marko Pohlin.