Marginocephalia

Marginocephalians Temporal range: Late Jurassic–Late Cretaceous, 156–66 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Skull of Triceratops horridus
Skull of Stygimoloch spinifer
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Order:	†Ornithischia
Clade:	†Cerapoda
Clade:	†Marginocephalia Sereno, 1986
Subgroups
See text.

Marginocephalia ("fringed heads") is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs that includes the thick-skulled pachycephalosaurids, and horned ceratopsians. They were all herbivores, walking on two or four legs, and are characterized by a bony ridge or frill at the back of the skull. The clade evolved in the Jurassic period, and became common in the Upper Cretaceous.

Classification

The cladogram below follows a 2009 analysis by Zheng and colleagues.^[1]

Cladogram after Butler et al., 2011.^[2]

References

Marginocephalia Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Dinosauria Order: Ornithischia   Pachycephalosauria Basal Pachycephalosaurs Wannanosaurus Pachycephalosauridae Stegoceras-line Stegoceras Hanssuesia Gravitholus Colepiocephale Texacephale Pachycephalosaurus-line Homalocephale Prenocephale Goyocephale Sphaerotholus Tylocephale Acrotholus Amtocephale Pachycephalosaurini Pachycephalosaurus Dracorex Stygimoloch Alaskacephale   Ceratopsia Basal Ceratopsians Yinlong Stenopelix Micropachycephalosaurus Albalophosaurus Chaoyangsauridae Chaoyangsaurus Xuanhuaceratops Psittacosauridae Psittacosaurus Neoceratopsia Mosaiceratops Microceratus Aquilops Liaoceratops Koreaceratops Auroraceratops Archaeoceratopsidae Archaeoceratops Yamaceratops Helioceratops Coronosauria Graciliceratops Leptoceratopsidae Leptoceratops Montanoceratops Prenoceratops Udanoceratops Zhuchengceratops Gryphoceratops Unescoceratops Cerasinops Asiaceratops Bainoceratops Bagaceratopsidae Ajkaceratops Gobiceratops Bagaceratops Platyceratops Protoceratopsidae Protoceratops Breviceratops Lamaceratops Magnirostris Ceratopsoidea Zuniceratops Turanoceratops Ceratopsidae   Ceratopsidae Ceratopsinae Ceratops Centrosaurinae Monoclonius Avaceratops Albertaceratops Diabloceratops Nasutoceratops Wendiceratops Centrosaurini Centrosaurus Coronosaurus Rubeosaurus Spinops Styracosaurus Pachyrhinosaurini Achelousaurus Einiosaurus Pachyrhinosaurus Sinoceratops Xenoceratops Chasmosaurinae Bravoceratops Agujaceratops Anchiceratops Arrhinoceratops Chasmosaurus Coahuilaceratops Pentaceratops Kosmoceratops Judiceratops Medusaceratops Mojoceratops Utahceratops Mercuriceratops Vagaceratops Triceratopsini Eotriceratops Triceratops Titanoceratops Regaliceratops Torosaurus Tatankaceratops Ojoceratops Polyonax   Related Categories Ornithischians Ceratopsians Pachycephalosaurs