Marcel Fodor

Marcel W. "Mike" Fodor (*17 January 1890 in Budapest, Hungary, †1 July 1977 in Trostberg, Germany; often cited as M. W. Fodor), was a foreign correspondent for several British and American newspapers in Vienna during the years between the world wars, editor of the Berlin edition of Die Neue Zeitung and correspondent for Voice of America in Europe after World War II, and an author who specialized in the Balkans and Central Europe.

Marcel Fodor in the late 1930s

Life

Early life and education

Fodor was born as Marcel Vilmos (Mike William) Fodor in Budapest in 1890. His father, Janos Fodor, was a Danube Swabian whose family name "Fischer" had been translated into the Magyar language as "Fodor" during the Magyarization movement of the late 1800s. Janos was a wealthy industrialist who owned newspapers in Vienna and Budapest.^[1][2] Fodor's mother, Berta Auspitz, was a member of a wealthy family of bankers and industrialists in Central Europe.^[3]

Death of parents; Transition to journalism

Fodor studied in Budapest and Charlottenburg, receiving a degree in chemical engineering in 1911. At the outbreak of World War I Fodor, a firm pacifist, emigrated to Great Britain, where he worked as a chemical engineer. However, he was soon interned as an enemy alien.^[4] At the conclusion of the War, Fodor returned to Budapest. In the revolutions that shook Hungary immediately after World War I, Fodor's parents were named as "class enemies" by the new communist regime and killed. In the turbulent years of war and revolution, their fortune was lost as well.^[5][6]

In Budapest, Fodor met and befriended journalist Dorothy Thompson. Fodor himself soon made the transition from chemical engineer to journalist, becoming the Vienna correspondent for the Manchester Guardian.^[7] Time Magazine described how and why Fodor's major career transition happened:

An engineer, fluent in five languages, [Fodor] had been grumbling along as manager of a steel mill in the English Midlands. Postwar retrenchment shut the mill, freed Fodor. The Manchester Guardian liked his occasional letters from Middle Europe, asked for cables, soon hired the shy, whip-smart, "relentlessly honest" little man as a fulltime correspondent. Thereby the Guardian conferred a major boon on U.S. foreign correspondence.^[8]

Interwar years in Central Europe

Through the 1920s and 30s, Fodor worked as a journalist in Central Europe, posting stories with the Guardian, several major newspapers in the United States, and magazines such as The Nation, The New Republic, and American Mercury.^[9]

In 1922 Fodor married Marie Martha Roob, born in Miskolc, Hungary. Their son Denis was born in the mid 1920s.

Covering the interwar turmoil in Central Europe, Fodor was friend or mentor to several renowned journalists who covered the same beat, including Dorothy Thompson, John Gunther, Frances Gunther, William Shirer, George Eric Rowe Gedye, H. R. Knickerbocker, Edgar Mowrer, Frederick Scheu, Robert Best and others who frequented the Stammtisch at the Café Louvre, the unofficial headquarters of foreign journalism in interwar Vienna.^[10] Best and Fodor presided at the Stammtisch, where journalists and regular visitors discussed the days news and exchanged information. J. William Fulbright, who met Fodor and other correspondents at the Café Louvre, described a typical day:

The correspondents would sit around there in the Cafe Louvre, 10 and 11 o'clock at night and old Fodor would tell them what had happened that day. They'd talk to Fodor for over an hour, and they'd all write it down and then send it off to the telegraph office across the street. I remember people would come in there from The New York Times and other papers, big papers in the U.S. and have a long conversation with Fodor. About two weeks later I'd read it all in The New York Times Magazine.^[11]

Fulbright, who later served as U.S. senator for Arkansas for 30 years and established the U.S. foreign exchange program that bears his name, first met Fodor in Vienna. In Spring 1929 Fulbright, who had just finished his studies at Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, joined Fodor on a fact-finding trip across several Balkan countries and Greece. Fodor arranged press credentials for Fulbright an the two interviewed diplomats and government leaders across the region.^[12][13]

This sort of mentoring relationship was common for Fodor:

Fodor related well to younger people, particularly Americans. When he and John Gunther met in 1930, they developed the same kind of student-teacher relationship the Fodor had engaged in with Thompson and Fulbright. It was said the Fodor taught more young foreign correspondents the business than any man alive.^[14]

Because of the relationships Fodor developed, his fluency in several languages spoken in Central Europe, and his encyclopedic knowledge of history, politics, and personalities of the region, Fodor had a strong reputation among his fellow journalists:

Marcel W. Fodor's journalist colleagues typically used superlatives when describing him. For example, John Gunther, who worked closely with him in Vienna during the early 1930s, wrote that "he has the most acutely comprehensive knowledge of Central Europe of any journalist I know." According to George Seldes, Fodor was "one of the best journalists in the world." Even one of America's most famed journalists, Edward R. Murrow, called Fodor "one of the greatest reporters I have ever known."^[15]

In 1934 Fodor and Gunther interviewed Adolf Hitler's poor relatives in Hitler's Austrian home town of Braunau, the first journalists to cover Hitler's birthplace, origin, acquaintances, and relatives. The coverage clearly showed Hitler's humble beginnings and family, in stark contrast to the official Nazi propaganda about Hitler's origins. For that reason, Gunther and Fodor were soon placed on a Gestapo "death list" and remained in continual danger as the Nazis moved across Europe.^[16]

In the tense days leading up to World War II, Fodor and his family narrowly escaped Vienna March 1938, then Czechoslovakia in September 1938, and finally Belgium and France in May and June 1940, a Axis forces moved forward across Europe.^[17]

World War II and after

Marcel Fodor in the early 1940s

From 1940-1944, Fodor lived in the United States, working as a professor at the Illinois Institute of Technology and as a columnist with the Chicago Sun. Fodor was also active on the lecture circuit, giving speeches across the United States during the World War II years. In 1943, Fodor became a U.S. citizen.^[18]

At the conclusion of the war, Fodor resumed his journalistic career in Central Europe. Soon he was hired as Berlin Editor of Die Neue Zeitung, a newspaper funded by the U.S. military in post-war Germany.^[19] Between 1948 and 1957, Fodor regularly corresponded with William Fulbright, now U.S. Senator from Arkansas. Fodor sent Fulbright dozens of memos with summaries and his views of the situation in Europe and the Soviet Union.^[20]

Voice of America and retirement

After Die Neue Zeitung was closed in 1955, Fodor worked for Voice of America as policy director and program evaluator. Fodor retired from Voice of America in 1965 and passed away in Trostberg, Germany in 1997.^[21]

Fodor's obituary in the New York Times, "M. W. Fodor is dead at 87, a famed correspondent," reads in part:

M. W. Fodor, a well-known American foreign correspondent of the 1920's to 1940's who specialized in reporting on the Balkans and Central Europe, died Friday at the age of 87. . . . Although Mr. Fodor was an authority on the Balkans and Central Europe, his knowledge of all Europe was vast. In his old age he could on request name the deputy police chief in Vienna at the time of the Nazi assassination of Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in 1934... Mr. Fodor, born in Hungary, could speak Hungarian, English, German, French, and Italian fluently . . .^[22]

Works

Books

• Plot and Counterplot in Central Europe. Houghton Mifflin, 1937.
• South of Hitler. Houghton Mifflin Co, Boston, 1939.
• The Revolution is On. Houghton Mifflin Co., 1940.
• The Russian Riddle. Chicago Sun Syndicate, 1942. A compilation of Fodor's columns written for the Chicago Sun.
• VOA History: 1942 to 1967. Manuscript, 1967.

A complete list of books and magazine articles along with a selected list of newspaper articles by Fodor is included in Biographical Sketch: Marcel W. Fodor, Foreign Correspondent by Dan Durning.

Further reading

• Marcel W. Fodor, Foreign Correspondent by Dan Durning
• Mike William Fodor – Biography Outline by Fabienne Gouverneur
• South of Hitler by M.W. Fodor: A Review Essay by Dan Durning
• Vienna's Cafe Louvre in the 1920s & 1930s: Meeting Place for Foreign Correspondents by Dan Durning
• Finding M. W. Fodor: Fulbright, Vienna, and Me by Dan Durning
• The Fodor-Fulbright Correspondence, Congress, and Public Diplomacy 1952-53, Donau-Institut Working Paper No. 22, 2013, ISSN 2063-8191 by Fabienne Gouverneur.
• Three articles by M. W. Fodor published in Foreign Affairs magazine, 1936-1940.
• "Suicide by Order" by M. W. Fodor, "Our Central European Correspondent". The Guardian. Originally published 22 Sept 1938, republished 21 Sept 2008.
• The Lost City by John Gunther. Harper & Rowe, 1964. ISBN 0241903890. Gunther's Roman-a-clef about interwar Vienna gives an insider's view of the band of journalists and the momentous events they covered. The book includes lightly fictionalized versions of Gunther, Fodor, and other regulars at the Café Louvre.

References