Max Fabiani

This article is about an Italian architect. For the Polish-German cinematographer, see Max Fabian.
Max Fabiani

Fabiani in 1902
Born (1865-04-29)29 April 1865
Kobdilj, County of Gorizia and Gradisca, Austrian Empire, today Slovenia
Died (1962-08-12)12 August 1962
Gorizia
Nationality Italian
Alma mater Vienna College of Technology
Occupation Architect
Buildings Palazzo Urania
Magazzini Portois & Fix
Chiesa Metropolitana del Sacro Cuore

Maximilian Fabiani, commonly known as Max Fabiani (Slovene: Maks, Italian: Massimo) (29 April 1865 – 12 August 1962) was a cosmopolitan trilingual Italian architect and town planner of mixed Italian-Austrian ancestry, born in the village of Kobdilj near Štanjel on the Karst Plateau, County of Gorizia and Gradisca, in present-day Slovenia. Together with Ciril Metod Koch and Ivan Vancaš, he introduced the Vienna Secession style of architecture (a type of Art Nouveau) in Slovenia.[1]

Life

Fabiani was born to father Antonio Fabiani, a Friulian latifondist from Paularo of Bergamasque ancestry, and mother Charlotte von Kofler, a Triestine aristocrat of Tyrolean origin. He grew up in a cosmopolitan trilingual environment: besides Italian, the language of his family, and Slovene, the language of his social environment, he learned German at a very young age.[2]

He came from a wealthy family that could afford to provide a good education for its 14 children. He attended elementary school in Kobdilj, and the German- and Slovene-language Realschule in Ljubljana, where he was the best student in the class after seven years.<Jahresbericht fur das Schuljahr, 1883.> He later moved to Vienna, where he attended architecture courses at the Vienna University of Technology. After earning his degree in 1889, a scholarship enabled him to travel for three years (1892–1894) to Asia Minor and through most of Europe. He was married and had two children; his son Lorenzo Fabiani (1907–1973) was an agronomist and journalist.

In 1917, Fabiani was named professor at the University of Vienna,[3] and in 1919 one of his pupils, Ivan Vurnik, offered him a teaching position at the newly established University of Ljubljana,[4] Fabiani however refused the offer, quit the teaching position in Vienna, and decided to settle in Gorizia, which had been annexed to the Kingdom of Italy, thus becoming an Italian citizen.

On 15 May 1921—less than a year after the burning of the Slovenian National Hall in Trieste, which he had designed—Fabiani became a member of the Italian fascist movement. The reason why he joined the party and his political activity in the following years remain unclear and controversial.[5][6]

In late 1935, Fabiani accepted the nomination for mayor (podestà) of his native Štanjel by the Fascist regime, for the National Fascist Party.[2] He remained mayor during World War II, using his knowledge of German language and his cultural acquaintances to convince the German troops to spare the village from destruction.[7][8] Nevertheless, the monumental fortifications part of the village, which he himself had renovated during the 1930s, were eventually destroyed in the fight between the Wehrmacht and the Slovene partisans.[9] His house and archive was also burnt down.

In 1944, Fabiani relocated back to Gorizia, where he lived until his death on August 12th, 1962.[10]

Work

The Portois-Fix Palace in Vienna

Upon returning to Vienna, he joined the studio of the architect Otto Wagner on Wagner's personal invitation, and stayed there until the end of the century. During this period he did not only concentrate his interests on design, but also cultivated his vocation as town planner and passionately devoted himself to teaching.

Fabiani's first large-scale architectural project was the urban plan for the Carniolan capital Ljubljana, which was badly damaged by an earthquake in 1895. Fabiani won a competition against the historicist architect Camillo Sitte, and was chosen by the Ljubljana Town Council as the main urban planner. One of the reasons for this choice was Fabiani was considered by the Slovene Liberal Nationalists as a Slovene.[11] Second reason was that he knew Ljubljana better than Sitte and prepared really good and modern plan.

With the personal sponsorship of the Liberal nationalist mayor of Ljubljana Ivan Hribar, Fabiani designed several important buildings in the town, including the Mladika building (a school for girls), which is now the seat of the Slovenian Foreign Ministry.

His work in Ljubljana helped him to become well known in the Slovene Lands, convincing Slovene liberal nationalists in the Austrian Littoral to entrust him with the design for the National Halls in Gorizia (1903) and in Trieste (1904).[12]

Fabiani also created the urban plan for Bielsko in Poland. In 1902, these two urban plans won him the first honorary doctorate in the field of urban planning by the University of Vienna in Austria-Hungary.[13]

During the 1920s, he coordinated a large scale reconstruction of villages and some historical monuments in the areas in the Julian March that had been devastated by the Battles of the Isonzo during World War I.

Notable works

The most notable works designed by Fabiani include:

Awards

Legacy

Notes

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  1. ↑ Andrej Hrausky, Janez Koželj: Maks Fabiani: Dunaj, Ljubljana, Trst., Mladina, 12 August 2010
  2. 1 2 Marco Pozzetto, Max Fabiani, MGS PRESS S.a.s., Trieste (1998) p. 15.
  3. ↑ http://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/razstave/fabiani-kot-mislec-in-clovek/140983
  4. ↑ Janez Koželj et al., Ivan Vurnik, slovenski arhitekt - Slovene Architect (Ljubljana: Organizacijski odbor projekta Vurnik, 1994).
  5. ↑ "Kdo je bil Maks Fabiani" [Who Was Max Fabiani] (in Slovenian). Radio Koper. 27 February 2015.
  6. ↑ Mezinec, Petra (20 February 2015). "Je bil zagrizen fašist ali pa so ga v to vlogo potisnili?" [Was He a Fierce Fascist or Was He Forced into This Role?]. Primorske novice (in Slovenian).
  7. ↑ Marco Pozzetto, Max Fabiani, MGS PRESS S.a.s., Trieste (1998) p. 72.
  8. ↑ Neera Gatti, Lettere ad un amica, Ergon S.r.l, Gorizia (1951) p. 26,27.
  9. ↑ http://www.slosi.info/01gradovi/02podrobnejse/primorska/ss-7/stanjel3.php
  10. ↑ Pizzia, Katia. 2001. A City in Search of an Author. London: Sheffield, p. 24.
  11. ↑ Breda Mihelič, Urbanistični razvoj Ljubljane (Ljubljana: Partizanska knjiga, 1983), 10.
  12. ↑ Marko Kravos et al., Narodni dom v Trstu, 1904-1920 (Trieste-Duino, 1995).
  13. ↑ Katarina Brešan. "Regulacijski načrti Maksa Fabianija na območju današnje občine Miren – Kostanjevica" [Regulatory Plans of Max Fabiani in the Area of the Current Municipality of Miren – Kostanjevica] (in Slovenian). Municipality of Miren – Kostanjevica.
  14. ↑ The Fabiani Award has been awarded for the third time (In Slovene: "Tretja Fabianijeva nagrada je podeljena", Delo, 2010)
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