Maghar, Israel

Maghar מַעָ'ר, מע'אר, מגאר‎ المغار‎
Hebrew transcription(s)
• ISO 259	(Mrar) (Israeli pronunciation)
• Also spelled	Mughar (official) Mrar, Mghar (unofficial)
Logo
Maghar
Coordinates: 32°53′24″N 35°24′30″E / 32.89000°N 35.40833°E / 32.89000; 35.40833Coordinates: 32°53′24″N 35°24′30″E / 32.89000°N 35.40833°E / 32.89000; 35.40833
Grid position	188/255 PAL
District	Northern
Government
• Type	Local council (from 1956)
Area
• Total	19,810 dunams (19.81 km2 or 7.65 sq mi)
Population (2009)[1][1]
• Total	19,900
Name meaning	The Caves[2]

Maghar (Arabic: المغار‎, Hebrew: מַעָ'ר, also al-Maghar or Mghar; lit. the cave) is an Arab village in Israel's North District with an area of 19,810 dunams. Maghar was classified with local council status in 1956. There were 19,900 people living in Maghar at the end of 2009.^[1]

History

Antiquity

Maghar was known as "Zar" during the Roman period. Many olive groves and wine presses testify to a long history of agriculture in the area, and numerous hillside caves show signs of ancient habitation. The village's name comes from the Arabic word for "the caves".^[2]

Ottoman era

In 1596 the village appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as Magar Hazur, part of the nahiya of Tabariyya in the Liwa of Safad. It had an entirely Muslim population consisting of 169 households and 17 bachelors. Taxes were paid on wheat, barley, olive trees, goats and/or beehives, and a press for olives or grapes,^[3] and in 1555 on silk spinning.^[4]

In 1875 French explorer Victor Guérin found the village, which he called el-Mehar, to be a large one with 1200 inhabitants. It was divided into three quarters, with Muslim, Christian and Druse inhabitants.^[5] In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described El Mughar as a "large stone-built village, containing about 1,100 Moslems, Druses, and Christians, situated on the slope of the hill, with extensive olive-groves to the south and west; a large spring and birkeh gives a good supply of water."^[6]

British Mandate

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Mughar wa Mansura had a total population of 1377. Of these, 265 were Muslim, 676 Druze and 436 Christians.^[7] All the Christians were Roman Catholic.^[8] In the 1931 census the population of Maghar, together with Al-Mansura, was a total of 1733, in 373 inhabited houses. Of these, 307 were Muslim, 549 Christians, and 877 Druze.^[9]

In 1945 the population of Maghar, together with Al-Mansura, was 2,140, all Arabs, who owned 55,583 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey.^[10] 7,864 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 18,352 for cereals,^[11] while 55 dunams were built-up (urban) land.^[12]

State of Israel

Olive groves in Maghar

During Operation Hiram, 29–31 October 1948, the town surrendered to the advancing Israeli army. Many of the inhabitants fled north but some stayed and were not expelled by the Israeli soldiers.^[13] The town remained under Martial Law until 1966.

During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, two residents of Maghar were killed and several wounded in Hezbollah rocket and cluster bomb attacks.^[14][15] On July 25, Doua Abbas, 15, was killed by a rocket that hit her house. On August 4, Manal Azzam, a 27-year-old mother of two, was killed, and two other residents were seriously wounded when a rocket hit their apartment building.^[16][17]

Demographics

The majority of residents are Druze(57%), with Arab Christians (23%) and Muslims (20%).^[18] Many of the Druze residents serve in the IDF and Israel Police.^[19]

Education and culture

In August 2003, the Israel Circus School established a joint Jewish-Arab "Children’s Circus" together with its partner, Circus Maghar. A group of 20 Jewish and Arab children trained for the circus. In addition to local performances, the circus school toured Cyprus, giving workshops and performances for Christian and Muslim schools and community centers.^[20]

Notable residents

• Naim Araidi, a Druze resident of Maghar, a professor of Hebrew literature at Haifa University and Bar Ilan University, was appointed Israel's ambassador to Norway in 2012.^[21]
• Salman Masalha
• Suliman Bashear, was a leading Druze Arab scholar and professor, who taught at Birzeit University, An-Najah National University, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Bashear was noted for his work on the early historiography of Islam.
• Daud Turki, a Palestinian-Arab poet and the leader of the Jewish-Arab socialist group called the Red Front.

References

Bibliography

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maghar, Israel.

External links

• Welcome To Maghar
• Survey of Western Palestine, Map 6: IAA, Wikimedia commons

Northern District of Israel Cities Acre Afula Beit She'an Karmiel Kiryat Shmona Ma'alot-Tarshiha Migdal HaEmek Nahariya Nazareth Nazareth Illit Safed Sakhnin Shefa-'Amr Tamra Tiberias Yokneam Local councils Abu Snan Arraba Basmat Tab'un Beit Jann Bi'ina Bir al-Maksur Bu'eine Nujeidat Buq'ata Daburiyya Deir al-Asad Deir Hanna Eilabun Ein Qiniyye Ein Mahil Fassuta Ghajar Hurfeish Hatzor HaGlilit I'billin Iksal Ilut Jadeidi-Makr Jish Julis Ka'abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre Kabul Kafr Kanna Kafr Manda Kafr Yasif Kaukab Abu al-Hija Katzrin Kfar Kama Kfar Tavor Kfar Vradim Kisra-Sumei Maghar Majd al-Krum Majdal Shams Mas'ade Mashhad Mazra'a Metula Migdal Mi'ilya Nahf Peki'in Ramat Yishai Rameh Reineh Rosh Pinna Sajur Sha'ab Shlomi Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam Tuba-Zangariyye Tur'an Yafa an-Naseriyye Yanuh-Jat Yarka Yavne'el Yesud HaMa'ala Zarzir Regional councils Al-Batuf Beit She'an Valley Bustan al-Marj Northern Jordan Valley (Emek HaYarden) Gilboa Golan Jezreel Valley Lower Galilee Ma'ale Yosef Mateh Asher Megiddo Merom HaGalil Mevo'ot HaHermon Misgav Upper Galilee