Made in China

For other uses, see Made in China (disambiguation).
A "Made in China" label

Made in China or Product of China (simplified Chinese: 中国制造; traditional Chinese: 中國製造; pinyin: Zhōngguó zhìzào,) is a country of origin label affixed to products manufactured in mainland China.

Terminology

Made in China is used for products manufactured in mainland China. Products made in Taiwan are labeled as "Made in Taiwan".[1][2]

Branding

A series of highly publicized scandals involving faulty products exported from China in recent years (notably food safety incidents such as protein adulteration and the 2008 Chinese milk scandal) has harmed the Made in China brand, as 40% of product recalls in the United States were of imports from China. Nevertheless, new scandals continue to surface. Despite the recent scandals, most consumers do not consistently check for the country of origin label, and there is little brand awareness for Chinese products in particular.[3] The "Made in China" brand was historically challenged by the US Cold War media campaigns that reported negatively on the brand and publicized hearings on the security of Chinese products in the United States Congress.[4] Conversely, some advertising companies and the American Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai have since the late 1990s endeavored to shed the Made in China brand of its cheap image, as Made in Japan has done.[4]

Marketing significance

The Made in China label is one of the most recognizable labels in the world today, due to China's rapidly developing manufacturing industry, its relatively low manufacturing wages and it being the largest exporter in the world.[5]

Major incidents related to exported products

On more than one occasion, Made in China products have caused global concerns about their quality and safety and resulted in large scale product recalls. In the 2007 Chinese export recalls, for example, product safety institutions in the United States, Canada, the European Union, Australia and New Zealand issued recalls and import bans on a wide range of Chinese-made consumer goods, such as pet food, toys[6] toothpaste[7][8], lipstick, toothpaste and certain types of seafood.

During the 2008 Chinese export recalls, heparin was announced by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) due to contamination of the raw heparin stock imported from China.[9][10] [11]

Lenovo has admitted in a public statement that it had pre-installed third-party adware named Superfish that was considered malicious on an unknown number of machines, beginning from 2010.[12][13][14]

Development plan

In 2013, the State Council approved a plan called "Made in China 2025." Drafted by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, it took over two years to complete by one hundred and fifty people. The plan's aim is to improve production efficiency and quality.[15]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Fan, Y. (2008) “Country of origin, branding strategy and internationalisation: the case of Chinese piano companies”, Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 6:3, 303-319, available at http://hdl.handle.net/2438/1593
  2. ↑ Fan, Y. (2006) “The globalisation of Chinese brands”, Marketing Intelligence &Planning, 24:4, 365-379, available at http://hdl.handle.net/2438/1285
  3. ↑ Clifton, Rota; Ahmad, Sameena (2009). Brands and Branding. Bloomberg Press. p. 195.
  4. 1 2 Jing, Wang. Brand New China: Advertising, Media, and Commercial Culture. Harvard University Press. pp. 136–137.
  5. ↑ Monaghan, Angela (January 10, 2014). "China surpasses US as world's largest trading nation". The Guardian. Retrieved May 17, 2015.
  6. ↑ "Mattel to recall more Chinese-made toys". CNN. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
  7. ↑ Spain withdraws Chinese toothpaste from the oral care market CosmesticsDesigns.com. 12 July 2007.Accessed: 2007-09-05.
  8. ↑ Ramachandran, Arjun (29 August 2007). "Toxic toothpaste alert: buyers beware". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 29 August 2007.
  9. ↑ CBS News, Blood-thinning drug under suspicion
  10. ↑ FDA informational page with information and links about FDA investigation.
  11. ↑ "Heparin's Deadly Side Effects". Time magazine. 13 November 2008. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-16. A month earlier and half a world away, a team of quality-control specialists from Baxter International, the big multinational health-care company (2007 sales: $11.26 billion) based in Deerfield, Ill., arrived in Zhejiang province, China, about two hours by car from Shanghai, to inspect a facility owned by one of its key suppliers. CZ-SPL is a joint venture controlled by Scientific Protein Laboratories LLC (SPL), a Waunakee, Wis., company started in 1976 by Oscar Meyer, of hot-dog fame. (The connection: pigs naturally produce proteins used in pharmaceuticals.) CZ-SPL makes a key ingredient, what in the pharmaceutical business is called an active pharmaceutical ingredient, or API, for a drug called heparin, a blood thinner that is widely used by kidney-dialysis and postsurgical patients to prevent blood clots. The team found little unusual and gave the facility a clean bill of health.
  12. ↑ http://news.lenovo.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=1929
  13. ↑ https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA15-051A
  14. ↑ http://www.avg.com/campaign-landing-pages/ww-en/lenovo-superfish
  15. ↑ "Made in China 2025". Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved 14 July 2015.

External links

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