Ma'dhar
| Ma'dhar | |
|---|---|
| Name meaning | from personal name,[1] |
| Subdistrict | Tiberias |
| Palestine grid | 193/233 |
| Population | 480[2] (1945) |
| Area | 11666[2] dunams |
| Date of depopulation | April 6, 1948[3] |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Abandonment on Arab orders |
| Current localities | Kefar Qish[4] |
Ma'dhar was a Palestinian Arab village in the Tiberias Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on May 12, 1948 by the Golani Brigade of Operation Gideon. It was located 12.5 km southwest of Tiberias.
History
The Crusaders referred to Ma'dhar as Kapharmater.
Ma'dhar was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and by 1596, it was a village of 94 inhabitants under the administration of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Tiberias, part of the sanjak of Safad. It paid taxes on wheat, barley, goats, beehives and orchards.[5][6] A map from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin showed the place, named as Chara, but misplaced.[7]
By the end of the 19th century, it was described as having about 250 Muslim residents, in a village made of basalt and other stone. Water was supplied from cisterns an springs.[8]
Ma'dhar had a school founded by the Ottomans, but closed during the British Mandate period. Ma'dhar contained a mosque and still has the ruins of a church, a burial ground, and ruined Crusader fortress called Casel de Cherio.
By 1945, the village population was 480, and the total land area was 11,666 dunums of land.[2] 498 dunams were irrigated or used for orchards, 10,766 used for cereals,[9] while 63 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[10]
References
- ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 130
- 1 2 3 Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 72
- ↑ Morris, 2004, p. xvii, village #105. Also gives cause of depopulation
- ↑ Khalidi, 1992, p. 529
- ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 190. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 528
- ↑ Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
- ↑ Karmon, 1960, p. 167.
- ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 361. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 528
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 122
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 172
Bibliography
- Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 (PDF). Government of Palestine.
- Conder, Claude Reignier; Kitchener, H. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Dauphin, Claudine (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations. BAR International Series 726 (in French). III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. (pp. 729-730)
- Hadawi, Sami (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Karmon, Y. (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine" (PDF). Israel Exploration Journal 10 (3,4): 155–173; 244–253.
- Khalidi, Walid (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas (PDF). Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Morris, Benny (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
- Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Rhode, Harold (1979). Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century. Columbia University.
- Thomson, William McClure (1882). The Land and the Book: Or, Biblical Illustrations Drawn from the Manners and Customs, the Scenes and Scenery, of the Holy Land: Central Palestine and Phænicia 2. New York: Harper & brothers. (Thomson, 1882, p. 329)
External links
- Welcome To Ma'dhar
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 6: IAA, Wikimedia commons
