Mk44 Bushmaster II

This article is about the 30 mm chain gun. It is not to be confused with the Mk44 GAU-17/A, a 7.62mm minigun.
Mk44 Bushmaster II

Finnish CV 9030 with Mk44
Type Chain gun
Place of origin United States
Service history
In service 1972–present
Used by See users
Production history
Designer Alliant Techsystems (ATK)
Manufacturer ATK
Specifications
Weight 344 lb (160 kg)
Length 134.05 inches (3,405 mm)
Barrel length 94.88 inches (2,410 mm)
Width 13.5 inches (340 mm)
Height 15.43 inches (392 mm)
Shell 30×173 mm
Caliber 30 millimetres (1.18 in) caliber
Rate of fire 100/200 rounds per minute
Muzzle velocity 1,080 metres per second (3,500 ft/s) (HEI-T ammunition)
Effective firing range 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) land appl.
5,100 metres (16,700 ft) naval appl.

The Mk44 Bushmaster II is a 30 mm chain gun manufactured by Alliant Techsystems. It is a derivative of the 25 mm M242 Bushmaster, and uses 70% of the same parts as the M242 while increasing the firepower by as much as 50% with the 20% increase in caliber size. The barrel is chromium-plated for extended life. The gun uses standard GAU-8 Avenger ammunition that is available in API (Armor-Piercing Incendiary), HEI (High-Explosive Incendiary) and APFSDS-T (Armor-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot-Tracer) variants. The gun can be converted to a caliber of 40 mm, which involves changing the barrel and a few key parts, to use the Super 40 cartridge. It can also be converted to use the 30x170 mm RARDEN cartridge.

History

The Bushmaster II is the standard primary armament of Bionix-II AFV currently in service with the Singapore Army, the KTO Rosomak in Polish service as well as that of the CV90 AFVs in Finnish, Norwegian and Swiss service. Although the United States Air Force selected this cannon to replace the 25 mm and 40 mm guns on its fleet of AC-130U gunships in 2007, this plan was later canceled.[1] The United States Marine Corps' Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle, which has been canceled, was expected to be armed with this cannon as well. Some United States Navy vessels, such as the new San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock are armed with the Bushmaster II for surface threat defense.

The Bushmaster II cannon is used in the DS30M Mark 2 Automated Small Calibre Gun (ASCG) point defense system that is fitted to the Royal Navy's Type 23 frigates.[2]

The USAF had experimented with installing Bushmaster II cannons on their AC-130U gunships in place of the GAU-12 and Bofors 40 mm cannons. On 11 August 2008, the effort was canceled because of problems with the Bushmaster's accuracy in tests "at the altitude we were employing it." There were also schedule considerations that drove the decision.[3] On 9 July 2012, the Air Force type classified a new version of the Bushmaster called the GAU-23/A. The cannon will be used on the AC-130W and the AC-130J gunships.[4]

The U.S. Navy uses the Mk44 Bushmaster II in the Mk 46 Mod 2 Gun Weapon System (GWS). The GWS is produced by General Dynamics to give warships protection against small, high-speed surface craft. A Mk 46 turret consists of the 30 mm chain gun, a forward looking infrared (FLIR) sensor, a low light television camera, and a laser rangefinder. The guns fire at 200 rounds per minute and are fed by a 400-round magazine through 200-round dual feeds. Effective range is 2,200 yds (2,000 m) for full-caliber high-explosive or armor-piercing ammunition, which can be extended when using sub-caliber rounds. The Mk 46 GWS is permanently installed on the San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock and can be installed on Freedom-class and Independence-class Littoral Combat Ships as part of the surface warfare (SuW) package.[5][6] In 2012, the Navy decided to replace the Mk 110 57 mm cannons on Zumwalt-class destroyers with the Mk 46 GWS.[7]

In early 2015, the U.S. Army approved an upgrade for 81 Stryker vehicles of a Stryker Brigade Combat Team deployed in Europe to be upgunned with the Mk44 30 mm Bushmaster cannon to increase their lethality against other light armored vehicles used by Russia in the theater. The cannons will be installed by 2018, and may be the first step in adding the Bushmaster to the entire active fleet of about 1,000 Strykers.[8][9]

XM813

The XM813 Bushmaster is based on the Mk44 and is offered as an upgrade for M1126 Stryker and M2 Bradley vehicles, as well as having been a contender to be the primary armament of the GCV Infantry Fighting Vehicle. Improvements include a one-inch longer barrel, integral mount to increase first round hit probability by up to 10 percent, and dual recoil system to enhance accuracy and cope with future hotter propellants. It can have a next-round select, linkless feed system. The 30 mm chain gun can fire Mk310 Programmable Air Burst Munition rounds to attack targets in defilade. The United States Army Research, Development and Engineering Command helped enhance the XM813 mainly for safety and turret integration. By changing five parts, the gun caliber can be increased to 40 mm. As of November 2013, the XM813 was being tested at Aberdeen Proving Ground over three months to ensure reliability levels of 40,000 mean rounds between failures. Long-term plans are to equip vehicles with the Bushmaster III 35mm/50mm cannon.[10][11]

The XM813 was demonstrated on 10 September 2014 at the ARDEC Digital Multi-Purpose Range Complex. The gun was mounted on a Bradley Fighting Vehicle and fired at targets up to 1,500 meters away. An enhanced fire control system improves long-range accuracy to kill targets with fewer bursts, sometimes as few as two or three rounds instead of 10. The XM813 30 mm cannon is intended to replace the M242 Bushmaster 25 mm chain gun, and could potentially be mounted on vehicles other than the Bradley. Two capabilities not demonstrated were its linkless ammunition with airburst capabilities; airburst rounds increase lethality by enabling engagement of targets in defilade when they would otherwise only be suppressed by fire.[12]

Users

Mk44 aboard San Antonio–class transport ship Green Bay, 2009.

See also

References

Notes
  1. ↑ "AIR FORCE CANCELS 30 MM CANNON PROGRAM FOR AC-130U GUNSHIPS - Inside the Air Force, 11 July 2008".
  2. ↑ Scott, Richard, ASCG enhances Type 23 close-in defence, International Defence Review, 30 October 2007.
  3. ↑ "Spooky Gun Swap Canceled". Air Force Magazine, October 2008, Volume 91, Number 10, p. 24.
  4. ↑ GAU-23 30mm Automatic Cannon Receives Type Classification - Prnewswire.com, July 9, 2012
  5. ↑ Mk-46 GWS - Seaforces.org
  6. ↑ Navy Orders Six More General Dynamics Littoral Combat Ship MK46 Mod 2 Gun Weapon Systems - Guns.com, 21 March 2013
  7. ↑ Navy Swaps Out Anti-Swarm Boat Guns on DDG-1000s - News.USNI.org, 5 August 2014
  8. ↑ US Army: Strykers Need Bigger Gun to Fight Russia - Defensenews.com, 24 July 2015
  9. ↑ Firepower Upgrade Planned for GDLS Strykers - Militarytimes.com, 15 October 2015
  10. ↑ http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2012armaments/Wednesday14027hart.pdf
  11. ↑ Bigger, badder Bushmaster cannon in the works - Armytimes.com, 8 November 2013
  12. ↑ 30-mm weapon system on display - Army.mil, 16 September 2014
  13. ↑ http://www.forte.jor.br/2011/07/01/blindado-guarani-recebe-torre-dotada-de-canhao/

External links

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