Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk

"SH-60" redirects here. For other uses, see SH60 (disambiguation).
This article is about the naval versions and operators of the S-70 family. For an overview of the S-70 family, and for its civilian models and operators, see Sikorsky S-70.
SH-60 / HH-60H / MH-60 Seahawk
U.S. Navy SH-60B landing on the USS Abraham Lincoln.
Role Multimission maritime helicopter
Manufacturer Sikorsky Aircraft
First flight 12 December 1979
Introduction 1984
Status In service
Primary users United States Navy
Royal Australian Navy
Produced 1979–present
Unit cost
US$42.9 million (MH-60R in FY2012)[1]
US$28.1M (MH-60S in FY2012)[2]
Developed from Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk
Variants Sikorsky HH-60 Jayhawk
Mitsubishi SH-60

The Sikorsky SH-60/MH-60 Seahawk (or Sea Hawk) is a twin turboshaft engine, multi-mission United States Navy helicopter based on the United States Army UH-60 Black Hawk and a member of the Sikorsky S-70 family. The most significant airframe modification is a hinged tail to reduce its footprint aboard ships.

The U.S. Navy uses the H-60 airframe under the model designations SH-60B, SH-60F, HH-60H, MH-60R, and MH-60S. Able to deploy aboard any air-capable frigate, destroyer, cruiser, fast combat support ship, amphibious assault ship, or aircraft carrier, the Seahawk can handle anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-surface warfare (ASUW), naval special warfare (NSW) insertion, search and rescue (SAR), combat search and rescue (CSAR), vertical replenishment (VERTREP), and medical evacuation (MEDEVAC). All Navy H-60s carry a rescue hoist for SAR/CSAR missions.

Design and development

Origins

During the 1970s, the U.S. Navy began looking for a new helicopter to replace the Kaman SH-2 Seasprite.[3] The SH-2 Seasprite was used by the Navy as its platform for the Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System (LAMPS) Mark I avionics suite for maritime warfare and a secondary search and rescue capability. Advances in sensor and avionic technology lead to the LAMPS Mk II suite, but the SH-2 was not large enough to carry the Navy's required equipment. In the mid-1970s, the Army evaluated the Sikorsky YUH-60 and Boeing-Vertol YUH-61 for its Utility Tactical Transport Aircraft System (UTTAS) competition.[4]

The Navy based its requirements on the Army's UTTAS specification to decrease costs from commonality.[3] Sikorsky and Boeing-Vertol submitted proposals for Navy versions of their Army UTTAS helicopters in April 1977 for review. The Navy also looked at helicopters being produced by Bell, Kaman, Westland and MBB, but these were too small for the mission. In early 1978 the Navy selected Sikorsky's S-70B design,[3] which was designated "SH-60B Seahawk".

SH-60B Seahawk

The SH-60B maintained 83% commonality with the UH-60A.[5] The main changes were corrosion protection, more powerful T700 engines, single-stage oleo main landing gear, removal of the left side door, adding two weapon pylons, and shifting the tail landing gear 13 feet (3.96 m) forward to reduce the footprint for shipboard landing. Other changes included larger fuel cells, an electric blade folding system, folding horizontal stabilators for storage, and adding a 25-tube pneumatic sonobuoy launcher on left side.[6] An emergency flotation system was originally installed in the stub wing fairings of the main landing gear; however, it was found to be impractical and possibly impede emergency egress, and thus was subsequently removed. Five YSH-60B Seahawk LAMPS III prototypes were ordered. The first YSH-60B flight occurred on 12 December 1979. The first production SH-60B made its first flight on 11 February 1983. The SH-60B entered operational service in 1984 with first operational deployment in 1985.[4]

A Seahawk hovers during a simulated casualty evacuation as MARSOC operators carry a stretcher.

The SH-60B is deployed primarily aboard frigates, destroyers, and cruisers. The primary missions of the SH-60B are surface warfare and anti-submarine warfare. It carries a complex system of sensors including a towed Magnetic Anomaly Detector (MAD) and air-launched sonobuoys. Other sensors include the APS-124 search radar, ALQ-142 ESM system and optional nose-mounted forward looking infrared (FLIR) turret. Munitions carried include the Mk 46, Mk 50, or Mk 54 torpedo, AGM-114 Hellfire missile, and a single cabin-door-mounted M60D/M240 7.62 mm (0.30 in) machine gun or GAU-16 .50 in (12.7 mm) machine gun.

A standard crew for a SH-60B is one pilot, one ATO/Co-Pilot (Airborne Tactical Officer), and an enlisted aviation warfare systems operator (sensor operator). Operating squadrons are designated Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron, Light (HSL).

The SH-60J is a version of the SH-60B for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. The SH-60K is a modified version of the SH-60J. The SH-60J and SH-60K are built under license by Mitsubishi in Japan.[7][8]

SH-60F

After the SH-60B entered service, the Navy began development of the SH-60F to replace the SH-3 Sea King.[9] Development of this variant began with the award of a contract to Sikorsky in March 1985. An early-model SH-60B (Bu. No. 161170) was modified to serve as a SH-60F prototype.[10] The company was contracted to produce seven SH-60Fs in January 1986 and the first example flew on 19 March 1987.[11]

The SH-60F primarily serves as the carrier battle group's primary antisubmarine warfare (ASW) aircraft. The helicopter hunts submarines with its AQS-13F dipping sonar, and carries a 6-tube sonobuoy launcher. The SH-60F is unofficially named "Oceanhawk".[11] The SH-60F can carry Mk 46, Mk 50, or Mk 54 torpedoes for its offensive weapons, and it has a choice of fuselage-mounted machine guns, including the M60D, M240D, and GAU-16 (.50 caliber) for self-defense. The standard aircrew consists of one pilot, one co-pilot, one tactical sensor operator (TSO), and one acoustic sensor operator (ASO).

HH-60H

An HH-60H Seahawk deploying a SAR swimmer

The HH-60H was developed in conjunction with the US Coast Guard's HH-60J, beginning in September 1986 with a contract for the first five helicopters. The variant's first flight occurred on 17 August 1988. Deliveries of the HH-60H began in 1989. The variant earned initial operating capability in April 1990.[11] The HH-60H's official DoD and Sikorsky name is Seahawk, though it has been called "Rescue Hawk".[12]

Based on the SH-60F, the HH-60H is the primary combat search and rescue (CSAR), naval special warfare (NSW) and anti-surface warfare (ASUW) helicopter. It carries various defensive and offensive sensors, it is one of the most survivable helicopters in the world. Sensors include a FLIR turret with laser designator and the Aircraft Survival Equipment (ASE) package including the ALQ-144 Infrared Jammer, AVR-2 Laser Detectors, APR-39(V)2 Radar Detectors, AAR-47 Missile Launch Detectors and ALE-47 chaff/flare dispensers. Engine exhaust deflectors provide infrared thermal reduction reducing the threat of heat-seeking missiles. The HH-60H can carry up to four AGM-114 Hellfire missiles on an extended wing using the M299 launcher and a variety of mountable guns including M60D, M240, GAU-16 and GAU-17/A machine guns.

The HH-60H's standard crew is pilot, copilot, an enlisted crew chief, and two door gunners. The HH-60H is operated by Helicopter Antisubmarine (HS) squadrons with a standard dispersal of four F-models and three H-models. In Iraq, HH-60Hs were used by the Navy, assisting the Army, for MEDEVAC purposes and special operations missions. As the Navy transitions its Helicopter Antisubmarine (HS) squadrons to the MH-60S, remaining HH-60Hs are being transferred to its East and West coast special operations squadrons (HSC-84 and HSC-85, respectively).

MH-60R

An MH-60R Seahawk conducts sonar operations.

The MH-60R was originally known as "LAMPS Mark III Block II Upgrade" when development began in 1993. Two SH-60Bs were converted by Sikorsky, the first of which made its maiden flight on 22 December 1999. Designated YSH-60R, they were delivered to NAS Patuxent River in 2001 for flight testing. The production variant was redesignated MH-60R to match its multi-mission capability.[13]

The MH-60R is designed to combine the features of the SH-60B and SH-60F.[14] Its sensors include the ASE package, MTS-FLIR, the AN/APS-147 multi-mode radar/IFF interrogator,[15] an advanced airborne fleet data link, and a more advanced airborne active sonar. It does not carry the MAD suite. Pilot instrumentation is based on the MH-60S's glass cockpit, using several digital monitors instead of the complex array of dials and gauges in Bravo and Foxtrot aircraft. Offensive capabilities are improved by the addition of new Mk-54 air-launched torpedoes and Hellfire missiles. All Helicopter Anti-Submarine Light (HSL) squadrons that receive the Romeo are redesignated Helicopter Maritime Strike (HSM) squadrons.[16] During a mid-life technology insertion project, the MH-60R fleet shall be fitted with the AN/APS-153 Multi-Mode Radar with Automatic Radar Periscope Detection and Discrimination (ARPDD) capability.[17]

MH-60S

An MH-60S lifting humanitarian supplies from the deck of USNS Comfort in Haiti 2010

The Navy decided to replace its venerable CH-46 Sea Knight helicopters in 1997. After sea demonstrations by a converted UH-60, the Navy awarded production contract for the CH-60S in 1998. The variant first flew on 27 January 2000 and it began flight testing later that year. The CH-60S was redesignated MH-60S in February 2001 to reflect its planned multi-mission use.[18] The MH-60S is based on the UH-60L and has many naval SH-60 features.[19] Unlike all other Navy H-60s, the MH-60S is not based on the original S-70B/SH-60B platform with its forward-mounted twin tail-gear and single starboard sliding cabin door. Instead, the S-model is a hybrid, featuring the main fuselage of the S-70A/UH-60, with large sliding doors on both sides of the cabin and a single aft-mounted tail wheel; and the engines, drivetrain and rotors of the S-70B/SH-60.[20][21]

It is deployed aboard aircraft carriers, amphibious assault ships, Maritime Sealift Command ships, and fast combat support ships. Its missions include vertical replenishment, medical evacuation, combat search and rescue, anti-surface warfare, maritime interdiction, close air support, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, and special warfare support. The MH-60S is to deploy with the AQS-20A Mine Detection System and an Airborne Laser Mine Detection System (ALMDS) for identifying submerged objects in coastal waters. It is the first US Navy helicopter to field a glass cockpit, relaying flight information via four digital monitors. The primary means of defense is with the M60D, M240 or GAU-17/A machine guns. A "batwing" Armed Helo Kit based on the Army's UH-60L was developed to accommodate Hellfire missiles, Hydra 70 2.75 inch rockets, or larger guns. The MH-60S can be equipped with a nose mounted forward looking infrared (FLIR) turret to be used in conjunction with Hellfire missiles; it also carries the ALQ-144 Infrared Jammer.

MH-60S in East Timor

The MH-60S is unofficially known as the "Knighthawk", referring to the preceding Sea Knight, though "Seahawk" is its official DoD name.[22][23] A standard crew for the MH-60S is one pilot, one copilot and two others depending on mission. With the retirement of the Sea Knight, the squadron designation of Helicopter Combat Support Squadron (HC) was also retired from the Navy. Operating MH-60S squadrons were re-designated Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron (HSC).[16] The MH-60S was to be used for mine clearing from Littoral-combat ships, but testing found it lacks the power to safely tow the detection equipment.[24]

On 6 August 2014, the U.S. Navy forward deployed the Airborne Laser Mine Detection System (ALMDS) to the U.S. 5th Fleet. The ALMDS is a sensor system designed to detect, classify, and localize floating and near-surface moored mines in littoral zones, straits, and choke points. The system is operated from an MH-60S, which gives it a countermine role traditionally handled by the MH-53E Sea Dragon, allowing smaller ships the MH-53E can't operate from to be used in the role. The ALMDS beams a laser into the water to pick up reflections from things it bounces off of, then uses that data to produce a video image for technicians on the ground to determine if the object is a mine.[25]

Operational history

U.S. Navy

The Navy received the first production SH-60B in February 1983 and assigned it to squadron HSL-41.[26][27] The helicopter entered service in 1984,[28] and began its first deployment in 1985.[26]

A MH-60R prepares to land aboard the USS John C. Stennis

The SH-60F entered operational service on 22 June 1989 with Helicopter Antisubmarine Squadron 10 (HS-10) at NAS North Island.[18] SH-60F squadrons planned to shift from the SH-60F to the MH-60S from 2005 to 2011 and were be redesignated Helicopter Sea Combat (HSC).[29]

As one of the two squadrons in the US Navy dedicated to Naval Special Warfare support and combat search and rescue, the HCS-5 Firehawks squadron deployed to Iraq for Operation Iraqi Freedom in March 2003. The squadron completed 900 combat air missions and over 1,700 combat flight hours. The majority of their flights in the Iraqi theater supported special operations ground forces missions.

An MH-60R Seahawk firing a live Hellfire missile

A west coast Fleet Replacement Squadron (FRS), Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadron (HSM) 41, received the MH-60R aircraft in December 2005 and began training the first set of pilots. In 2007, the R-model successfully underwent final testing for incorporation into the fleet. In August 2008, the first 11 combat-ready Romeos arrived at HSM-71, a squadron assigned to the carrier John C. Stennis. The primary missions of the MH-60R are anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare. According to Lockheed Martin, "secondary missions include search and rescue, vertical replenishment, naval surface fire support, logistics support, personnel transport, medical evacuation and communications and data relay."[30]

HSL squadrons in the US have been incrementally transitioning to the MH-60R and have nearly completed the transition. The first MH-60Rs in Japan arrived in October 2012. The recipient was HSM-51, the Navy's forward deployed LAMPS squadron, homebased in Atsugi, Japan. The Warlords transitioned from the SH-60B throughout 2013, and shifted each detachment to the new aircraft as they returned from deployments. HSM-51 will have all MH-60R aircraft at the end of 2013. The Warlords are joined by the Sabrehawks of HSM-77, who will also fly the MH-60R in Japan.

On 23 July 2013, Sikorsky delivered the 400th MH-60, an MH-60R Seahawk, to the U.S. Navy. The Navy operates 166 MH-60R versions and 234 MH-60S versions. The MH-60S is in production until 2015 and will total a fleet of 275 aircraft, and the MH-60R is in production until 2017 and will total a fleet of 291 aircraft. The two models have flown 660,000 flight hours. Seahawk helicopters are to remain in Navy service into the 2030s.[31]

The SH-60B Seahawk completed its last active-duty deployment for the U.S. Navy in late April 2015 after a seven-month deployment aboard the USS Gary (FFG-51). After 32 years and over 3.6 million hours of service, the SH-60B was formally retired from US Navy service during a ceremony on 11 May 2015 at Naval Air Station North Island.[32][33] In late November 2015 the USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71) returned from its deployment, ending the last active-duty operational deployment of both the SH-60F and HH-60H. The models are to be transferred to other squadrons or placed in storage.[34]

Other and potential users

The first two Australian MH-60Rs arriving at Naval Air Station Jacksonville shortly before being formally delivered to the Royal Australian Navy in December 2013

Spain ordered 12 S-70B Seahawks for its Navy.[35] Spain requested six refurbished SH-60Fs through a Foreign Military Sale in September 2010.[36][37]

Australia requested approval to buy 24 MH-60Rs through a Foreign Military Sale in July 2010.[38] The MH-60R and the NHIndustries NH90 were evaluated by the Royal Australian Navy. On 16 June 2011, it was announced that Australia would purchase 24 of the MH-60R variant, to come into service between 2014 to 2020.[39] The helicopter selected is to replace older Seahawks currently in service.[40][41]

The Royal Danish Navy (RDN) put the MH-60R on a short list for a requirement of around 12 new naval helicopters, together with the NH90/NFH, H-92, AW159 and AW101. The Request For Proposal was issued on 30 September 2010.[42] In November 2010, Denmark requested approval for a possible purchase of 12 MH-60Rs through a Foreign Military Sale.[43][44] In November 2012, Denmark selected 9 MH-60Rs to replace its 7 aging Lynx helicopters.[45]

In July 2009, the Republic of Korea requested eight MH-60S helicopters, 16 GE T700-401C engines, and related sensor systems to be sold in a Foreign Military Sale.[46] However, South Korea instead chose the AW159 in January 2013.[47] In July 2010 Tunisia requested 12 refurbished SH-60Fs through a Foreign Military Sale.[48] But the change in government there in January 2011 may interfere with an order.[49]

In February 2011, India selected the S-70B over the NHIndustries NH90 for an acquisition of 16 multirole helicopters for the Indian Navy to replace its aging Westland Sea King fleet; the order include an option for 8 additional aircraft.[50] India selected the Seahawk and confirmed procurement in November 2014.[51]

In 2011, Qatar requested a potential Foreign Military Sale of up to 6 MH-60R helicopters, engines and other associated equipment.[52] In late June 2012, Qatar requested another 22 Seahawks, 12 fitted with the armed helicopter modification kit and T700-401C engines with an option to purchase an additional six Seahawks and more engines.[53][54]

In 2011, Singapore bought six S-70Bs and then in 2013 ordered an additional two.[55]

In early 2015, Israel ordered 10 SH-60s due to the expansion of the Israeli Navy surface fleet.[56]

In 2015, Saudi Arabia requested the sale of ten MH-60R helicopters and associated equipment and support for the Royal Saudi Navy.[57][58]

Variants

U.S. versions

MH-60S empty cabin and sling load mechanism
HH-60H Rescue Hawk from HSC-84 at Balad Air Base in Iraq, 2008
View of front of MH-60R, 2010

Export versions

Operators

Hellenic Navy S-70B-6 Aegean Hawk with Penguin missile
A JMSDF SH-60J lands onboard USS Russell (DDG 59)
MH-60S "Knighthawk" with tail and rotors folded on Mount Whitney
 Australia
 Brazil
 Colombia
 Denmark
 Greece
 India
 Japan
 Saudi Arabia
 Singapore
 Spain
 Taiwan (Republic of China)
 Thailand
 Turkey
 United States

Specifications (SH-60B)

Data from Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory,[66] Navy fact file,[22] and Sikorsky S-70B[67][68]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament

See also

Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
Related lists

References

Notes
  1. ↑ "MH-60R Selected Acquisition Report (SAR)" (pdf). US Department of Defense. 31 December 2011. p. 11. Retrieved 2013-04-27.
  2. ↑ "MH-60S Selected Acquisition Report (SAR)" (pdf). US Department of Defense. 31 December 2011. p. 14. Retrieved 2013-04-27.
  3. 1 2 3 Leoni 2007, pp. 203–4.
  4. 1 2 Sikorsky S-70B Seahawk, Vectorsite.net, 1 July 2006.
  5. ↑ Eden, Paul. "Sikorsky H-60 Black Hawk/Seahawk", Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft, p. 431. Amber Books, 2004. ISBN 1-904687-84-9.
  6. ↑ Leoni 2007, pp. 206–9.
  7. ↑ Mitsubishi (Sikorsky) SH-60J (Japan). Jane's, 17 April 2007.
  8. ↑ Mitsubishi SH-60K Upgrade. Jane's, 11 June 2008. Archived March 5, 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ↑ Leoni 2007, p. 211.
  10. ↑ "Bureau (Serial) Numbers of Naval Aircraft" (PDF).
  11. 1 2 3 Donald 2004, p. 158.
  12. ↑ SH-60 Multipurpose Helicopter at Aerospaceweb.org
  13. ↑ Donald 2004, pp. 161-162.
  14. ↑ Donald 2004, p. 161.
  15. ↑ "MH-60R Equipment Guide". Military.com. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  16. 1 2 Airscoop, US Navy, 2003, retrieved 2011-06-30
  17. ↑ "Telephonics to supply AN/APS-153 radars for US MH-60R aircraft". Naval Technology. 26 April 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  18. 1 2 Donald 2004, pp. 159-160.
  19. ↑ Donald 2004, pp. 160-161.
  20. ↑ MH-60S Knighthawk — Multi-Mission Naval Helicopter, USA, Naval Technology, retrieved 2008-10-05
  21. ↑ Air Cache: MH-60 KnightHawk
  22. 1 2 SH-60 Seahawk fact file, US Navy, retrieved 2008-10-05
  23. ↑ Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk helicopter, Fact File. Sikorsky. checked 2008-10-05 Archived September 24, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ↑ LaGrone, Sam. "MH-60S underpowered for MCM towing operations, report finds." Jane's Information Group, 21 January 2013.
  25. ↑ U.S. Navy deploys its new Airborne Laser Mine Detection System (ALMDS) for the first time - Navyrecognition.com, 6 August 2014
  26. 1 2 Donald 2004, pp. 156–157.
  27. ↑ Tomajczyk 2003, p. 55.
  28. ↑ Leoni 2007, p. 205.
  29. ↑ Helicopter Sea Combat Wing, Pacific. GlobalSecurity.org
  30. ↑ "MH-60R Helicopter Departs Lockheed Martin To Complete First Operational Navy Squadron". Lockheed Martin, July 30, 2008.
  31. ↑ Sikorsky Delivers 400th MH-60 SEAHAWK Helicopter to U.S. Navy - Marketwatch.com, 23 July 2013
  32. ↑ Alford, Abbie (11 May 2015). "Navy retires the SH-60B Seahawk". San Diego: CBS 8.
  33. ↑ USS Gary Returns From Final Deployment; Also Last for SH-60B Seahawks - News.USNI.org, 20 April 2015
  34. ↑ Carrier Theodore Roosevelt returns from round-the-world deployment - Navytimes.com, 23 November 2015
  35. ↑ Leoni 2007, pp. 303-304.
  36. ↑ "Spain – Refurbishment of SH-60F Multi-Mission Utility Helicopters". US Defense Security Cooperation Agency, 30 September 2010.
  37. ↑ "Spain seeks more Seahawk helicopters". Retrieved 2010-10-07.
  38. ↑ "Australia – MH-60R Multi-Mission Helicopters". US Defense Security Cooperation Agency, 9 July 2010.
  39. ↑ Australian Broadcasting Corporation Online, 16 June 2011
  40. ↑ "Australia requests US helicopters". Rotothub, 29 April 2010.
  41. ↑ "MH-60R or NH90 NFH - Australia plans to buy 24 naval combat helicopters". Defpro.com, 29 April 2010.
  42. ↑ Danish Request For Proposal. forsvaret.dk
  43. ↑ "Denmark – MH-60R Multi-Mission Helicopters". US Defense Security Cooperation Agency, 30 November 2010.
  44. ↑ Hoyle, Craig. "Denmark requests Seahawk helicopter buy". Flightglobal.com, 13 December 2010. Retrieved: 14 December 2010.
  45. ↑ Hoyle, Craig. "Denmark confirms MH-60R selection to replace Lynx helicopters". Flightglobal.com, 21 November 2012. Retrieved: 21 November 2012.
  46. ↑ "Korea – MH-60S Multi-Mission Helicopters". US Defense Security Cooperation Agency, 22 July 2009.
  47. ↑ "South Korea picks AW159 for maritime helicopter deal". Flight International, 15 January 2013.
  48. ↑ "Tunisia – Refurbishment of Twelve SH-60F Multi-Mission Helicopters". US Defense Security Cooperation Agency, 2 July 2010.
  49. ↑ SH-60F Seahawk Helis for Tunisia
  50. ↑ "India to go for open bidding for Navy deal, rejects US offer". Economic Times, 18 February 2011.
  51. ↑ http://www.janes.com/article/45511/indian-mod-opts-for-seahawk-in-navy-s-mrh-tender
  52. ↑ http://www.dsca.mil/PressReleases/36-b/2011/Qatar_11-26.pdf
  53. ↑ "Qatar – MH-60R and MH-60S Multi-Mission Helicopters". US Defense Security Cooperation Agency, 28 June 2012.
  54. ↑ Sambridge, Andy (30 June 2012). "Qatar keen on $2.5bn US helicopters deal". ArabianBusiness.com. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
  55. ↑ Waldron, Gregg (February 20, 2013). "Singapore orders two additional S-70B helicopters". Flightglobal. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
  56. ↑ http://www.mako.co.il/news-military/security-q1_2015/Article-638696a9a9c9b41004.htm
  57. ↑ http://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/163865/us-approves-$1.9bn-sale-of-mh_60r-helicopters-to-saudi-arabia.html
  58. ↑ http://www.dsca.mil/major-arms-sales/kingdom-saudi-arabia-mh-60r-multi-mission-helicopters
  59. 1 2 3 DoD 4120-15L, Model Designation of Military Aerospace Vehicles. US DoD, 12 May 2004.
  60. ↑ Donald, David, ed. "Sikorsky S-70". The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Barnes & Noble Books, 1997. ISBN 0-7607-0592-5.
  61. ↑ "S-60B (SH-60B Seahawk, SH-60F CV, HH-60H Rescue Hawk, HH-60J Jayhawk, VH-60N) - Sikorsky Archives". Sikorsky Aircraft.
  62. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 World Air Forces 2014 "World Air Forces 2014" Check |url= value (help) (PDF). Flightglobal Insight. 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  63. ↑ http://www.planobrazil.com/confirmado-colombia-anuncia-que-usara-o-helicoptero-sea-hawk-nos-seus-novos-navios-patrulha-noticia-exclusiva-do-pb-duas-semanas-atras/
  64. ↑ http://www.sikorsky.com/pages/AboutSikorsky/PressreleaseDetails.aspx?pressreleaseid=278
  65. ↑ http://www.janes.com/article/56741/saudi-arabia-signs-for-10-mh-60r-helos
  66. ↑ Taylor, M J H (editor) (1999), Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000 Edition, Brassey's, ISBN 1-85753-245-7
  67. ↑ S-70B Seahawk Technical Information, 2001.
  68. ↑ S-70B Seahawk Mission Brochure. Sikorsky.com.
Bibliography
  • A1-H60CA-NFM-000 NATOPS Flight Manual Navy Model H-60F/H Aircraft
  • Donald, David ed. "Sikorsky HH/MH/SH-60 Seahawk". Warplanes of the Fleet. AIRtime, 2004. ISBN 1-880588-81-1.
  • Leoni, Ray D. Black Hawk, The Story of a World Class Helicopter. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. ISBN 978-1-56347-918-2.
  • Tomajczyk, Stephen F. Black Hawk. MBI, 2003. ISBN 0-7603-1591-4.

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