Lysophosphatidic acid receptor

The lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs) are a group of G protein-coupled receptors for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) that include:

Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1; formerly known as EDG2, GPR26)
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 2 (LPAR2; formerly known as EDG4)
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 (LPAR3; formerly known as EDG7)
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 (LPAR4; formerly known as GPR23, P2RY9)
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 (LPAR5; formerly known as GPR92)
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 (LPAR6; formerly known as GPR87, P2RY5)

References

Membrane proteins, receptors: cell surface receptors

G protein-coupled receptor

Class A	Eicosanoid receptor (Prostaglandin receptor) Protease-activated receptor Neurotransmitter receptor Purinergic receptor Biogenic amine receptor Olfactory receptor

Class B	Secretin receptor

Class C	Metabotropic glutamate receptor

Class D	Pheromone receptor

Class E	cAMP receptor

Class F	Frizzled/smoothened

Ligand-gated ion channel

Purinergic receptor

Enzyme-linked receptor

Other/ungrouped

Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A: Rhodopsin like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3

Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)

Serotonin	(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)

Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine (D1 D2 D3 D4 D5) Histamine (H1 H2 H3 H4) Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 3 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 (1 2) FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin (DP (1 2), EP (1 2 3 4), FP) Prostacyclin Thromboxane

Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2, GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Lactate Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Niacin (1 2) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide	B/W (1 2) FF (1 2) S Y (1 2 4 5) Neuromedin (B U (1 2)) Neurotensin (1 2)

Other	Anaphylatoxin (C3a C5a) Angiotensin (1 2) Apelin Bombesin (BRS3 GRPR NMBR) Bradykinin (B1 B2) Chemokine Cholecystokinin (A B) Endothelin (A B) Formyl peptide (1 2 3) FSH Galanin (1 2 3) GHB receptor Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Ghrelin Kisspeptin Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin MAS (1 1L D E F G X1 X2 X3 X4) Melanocortin (1 2 3 4 5) MCHR (1 2) Motilin Opioid (Delta Kappa Mu Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma) Orexin (1 2) Oxytocin Prokineticin (1 2) Prolactin-releasing peptide Relaxin (1 2 3 4) Somatostatin (1 2 3 4 5) Tachykinin (1 2 3) Thyrotropin Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Urotensin-II Vasopressin (1A 1B 2)

Miscellaneous

Orphan	GPR (1 3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 44 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 77 78 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 92 101 103 109A 109B 119 120 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)

Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B: Secretin like

Adhesion	ADGRG (1 2 3 4 5 6 7)

Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)

Other	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1 2 3) Cadherin (1 2 3) Calcitonin CALCRL CD97 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) EMR (1 2 3) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth hormone releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Latrophilin (1 2 3 ELTD1) Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone

Taste	TAS1R (1 2 3) TAS2R (1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60)

Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)

Class F: Frizzled / Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)

Smoothened	Smoothened

Cell signaling: lipid signaling

Extracellular

Eicosanoids	Classic: Eoxins; Leukotrienes (LTR) Prostacyclin (IPR) Prostaglandins (PGR) Thromboxane (TXR) Nonclassic: EETs Endocannabinoids (CBR) Epi-lipoxins (FPR2) Hepoxilins Isoprostanes Lipoxins (FPR2) Oxoeicosanoids (OXER) Resolvins (FPR2)

Lysophospholipids	LPA (LPAR) S1P (S1PR)

Steroids	Bile acids (GPBAR) Neurosteroids Pheromones (VNR)

Others	PAF (PAFR) Retinal (RHO)

Intracellular

Nuclear receptor	Steroids: Sex steroids: Androgens (AR) Estrogens (ER) Progestogens (PR); Corticosteroids: Glucocorticoids (GR) Mineralocorticoids (MR); Others: Bile acids (FXR) Calcitriol (VDR); Others: Eicosanoids (PPAR) Free fatty acids (PPAR) Retinoic acid (RAR, RXR)

Second messenger	General: Arachidonic acid DAG (PKC, TRPC) IP₃ (IP₃R, RyR) Phosphatidic acid Phosphoinositides: PIP₂ (IRKs) PIP₃ (PKB/Akt, Btk, PDPK1) PtdIns(3,4)P₂ (PKB/Akt, PDPK1); Sphingolipids: C1P Ceramide (CAPPs, KSR1, PKCζ, CTSD) Glucosylceramides S1P Sphingosine (SDK1, PKH, YPK)

Precursors

General	Fatty acids (ω-3, ω-6)

Steroids	Squalene Lanosterol Cholesterol

Lysophospholipid signaling

Receptor
(ligands)

LPA	Agonists: 1-Oleoyl-LPA 1-Palmitoyl-LPA GRI-977143 LPA OMPT Antagonists: H2L-5186303 H2L-5765834 Ki-16425 TC-LPA5 4 VPC-32183

S1P	Agonists: Amiselimod Ceralifimod CS-2100 CYM-5442 CYM-5520 CYM 5541 CYM-50260 CYM-50308 Dihydro-S1P (sphinganine 1-phosphate) Fingolimod Fingolimod phosphate KRP-203 Phyto-S1P Ponesimod RP-001 RP-002 RPC-1063 SEW-2871 Siponimod S1P SPC TC-G 1006 TC-SP 14 W-061 XAX-162 Antagonists: CS-0777 CYM-50358 JTE-013 TY-52156 VPC-23019 W-146

Enzyme
(inhibitors)

SPT	Myriocin

Ceramidase	Ceranib 1 OEA

SphK	N,N-DMS Safingol SKI II

Others

Precursors: LPA: LPC; S1P: Palmitoyl-CoA
Serine
3-Ketosphinganine (dehydrosphingosine)
Dihydrosphingosine (sphinganine)
Dihydroceramide
Ceramide
Sphingosine

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Lysophosphatidic acid receptor

See also

References