Lupin III

"Lupin the Third" and "Lupin the 3rd" redirect here. For the title character, see Arsène Lupin III.
Lupin III

First English-language volume of Lupin III released by Tokyopop.
ルパン三世
(Rupan Sansei)
Genre Adventure, Comedy-drama, Crime, Kaitō
Manga
Written by Monkey Punch
Published by Futabasha, Chuokoron-Shinsha
English publisher
Demographic Seinen
Magazine Weekly Manga Action
Original run August 10, 1967 – May 22, 1969
Volumes 14
Manga
Lupin III – World's Most Wanted
Written by Monkey Punch
Published by Futabasha
English publisher
Demographic Seinen
Magazine Weekly Manga Action
Original run June 23, 1977 – May 28, 1981
Volumes 21
Anime television series
Lupin The Third Part I
Directed by Masaaki Ōsumi
Hayao Miyazaki
Isao Takahata
Written by Atsushi Yamatoya
Seiji Matsuoka
Yuki Miyata
Tooru Sawaki
Noriaki Yamazaki
Shunichiroo Koyama
Kado Shichijoo
Tatsuo Tamura
Kazuichi Tsurumi
Music by Takeo Yamashita
Studio Tokyo Movie
Licensed by
Network ytv, NNS
English network
UTBHollywood
Original run October 24, 1971 – March 26, 1972
Episodes 23
Anime television series
Lupin The Third Part II
Directed by Hideo Nishimaki
Hideo Takayashiki
Ichinori Tanahashi
Kyosuke Mikuriya
Noburo Ishiguro
Shigetsugu Yoshida
Yagi Ishikura
Yasumi Mikamoto
Hayao Miyazaki
Music by Yuji Ohno
Studio Tokyo Movie Shinsha
Licensed by
Network NTV, NNS
English network
Original run October 3, 1977 – October 6, 1980
Episodes 155
Anime television series
Lupin III Part III
Directed by Yuzo Aoki
Osamu Nabeshima
Shigetsugu Yoshida
Produced by Tadahito Matsumoto
Written by Jiku Omiya
Yasushi Hirano
Seijun Suzuki
Music by Yuji Ohno
Studio Tokyo Movie Shinsha
Network ytv, NNS
Original run March 3, 1984 – December 25, 1985
Episodes 50
Anime television series
Lupin the Third: The Woman Called Fujiko Mine
Directed by Sayo Yamamoto
Produced by Naoki Iwasa
Toshio Nakatani
Yu Kiyozono
Written by Mari Okada
Music by Naruyoshi Kikuchi
Studio TMS/Po10tial
Licensed by
Network NTV
Original run April 4, 2012 – June 27, 2012
Episodes 13
Anime television series
Lupin the Third Part 4
Directed by Kazuhide Tomonaga (Chief director)
Yūichirō Yano
Written by Yūya Takahashi
Music by Yuji Ohno
Studio Telecom Animation Film
Licensed by Crunchyroll
Network Italia 1 (Italy)
NTV (Japan)
Original run August 30, 2015 – November 30, 2015 (Italy)
October 1, 2015 – ongoing (Japan)
Episodes 26 (Italian broadcast)
24 (Japanese broadcast)
Theatrical films

Original video animations

Related media

Lupin III (ルパン三世 Rupan Sansei), also written as Lupin the Third or Lupin the 3rd, is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Monkey Punch. It follows the escapades of master thief Arsène Lupin III, the grandson of Arsène Lupin, the gentleman thief of Maurice Leblanc's series of novels.

The Lupin III manga, which first appeared in Weekly Manga Action on August 10, 1967, spawned a media franchise that includes numerous manga, two versions of an anime pilot film, five animated television series, six theatrically released animated feature films, two live-action films, a two-part animated theatrical short film, five OVA works, twenty-six animated television films, two musicals, music CDs, and video games. Many different companies have owned the English-language distribution rights to various Lupin III properties at various times, with just the first two animated films having been released by over 10 companies alone. Tokyopop acquired the license to the original manga in 2002, and later the second series in 2004. Funimation Entertainment purchased the rights to several of the television specials and films in 2002, and the fourth television series in 2012. Geneon licensed and dubbed 79 episodes of the second television series, 26 of which were broadcast on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim during 2003. Discotek Media licensed the entire first and second television series and the first live-action film; they also own the rights to several other Lupin titles, including some previously released by other companies.

Nearly fifty years after its creation, Lupin III remains popular, with the fifth anime series airing in Italy and Japan in 2015. For several years, issues relating to the copyright of Maurice Leblanc's intellectual property meant that the Lupin name was removed from its releases outside Japan, usually changed to "Rupan" or "Wolf". However, the copyright has since expired, allowing foreign releases to use the Lupin name.

Plot

Arsène Lupin III, the grandson of the fictional gentleman thief, Arsène Lupin, is considered the world's greatest thief, known for announcing his intentions to steal valuable objects by sending a calling card to the owners of his desired items. His right-hand man and closest ally is Daisuke Jigen, an expert marksman who can accurately shoot a target in 0.3 seconds. Although Lupin and Jigen frequently work as a two-man team, they are often joined by Goemon Ishikawa XIII, a master swordsman whose sword can cut anything, or Fujiko Mine, a femme fatale and Lupin's love interest. Although Fujiko usually works together with the others, she occasionally exploits Lupin's interest in her to steal the treasure for herself. Lupin and his gang are constantly chased by Inspector Koichi Zenigata of the ICPO, who has made it his life's work to arrest them, pursuing Lupin across the globe.

Production

The series was created by Japanese manga artist Kazuhiko Katō under the pen name Monkey Punch. His inspiration for the series was the fictional French gentleman thief Arsène Lupin, created by Maurice Leblanc. Before creating the series he read 15 of Leblanc's stories. The aim of the Lupin III series was to produce a comedy adventure series that reflected the traits of Leblanc's character. Originally the intention was to keep the blood ties between the two fictional characters secret, however he was convinced by others not to do so.[1]

Monkey Punch combined elements of Arsène Lupin with James Bond to develop the character of Lupin III and made him a "carefree fellow". Lupin was given a red color jacket which Monkey Punch believes is a flashy, sexy color.[1][2][3] As the series was to be published in a magazine targeted at adults, Fujiko Mine was created to add a female presence and to fulfill a "Bond girl" role. Her name was inspired by a picture of Mount Fuji, Monkey Punch added the -ko female suffix to create her first name, and chose "Mine" for her family name because of its meaning as "summit". At the beginning of the series, many of the women Lupin encounters are all named Fujiko, but are treated as different characters from chapter to chapter. Creating a new female each week was too difficult for Monkey Punch so she evolved into a single character who changes style frequently.[1][3][4] Jigen Daisuke was based on James Coburn, especially his role in The Magnificent Seven, and his name was chosen to reflect his unconventional personality. Goemon was created to give an oriental element into an otherwise western series. Despite Lupin and Goemon originally being enemies, Monkey Punch decided that they were on the same wavelength. While Lupin, Fujiko, Jigen and Goemon frequently operate together for their own goals, the author considers them not to be a true group as they have their own individual interests.[1] In the manga they operated individually, however in the anime adaptations the group tend to work together. Inspector Zenigata was conceived as Lupin's arch rival to create a "human Tom and Jerry".[3]

When Monkey Punch began Lupin III, he was already working on another series, Pinky Punky. Monkey Punch enjoys writing outlaw characters, and both Lupin III and Pinky Punky made use of outlaws as central characters. According to him, this made it easy for him to write two series without much pressure. Monkey Punch enjoys puzzles and mysteries such as Columbo and Agatha Christie novels, and was also inspired by The Three Musketeers and the movies of Alfred Hitchcock.[2][5] He believes the characters of Lupin and Fujiko are similar to the characters of D'Artagnan and Milady de Winter, and describes them as "Not necessarily lovers, not necessarily husband and wife, but more just having fun as man and woman with each other".[5] Another influence on the manga was Mad magazine.[6] Monkey Punch said the appeal of drawing Lupin comes from the character being able to go anywhere without obstacles and being able to do whatever he wants, whenever he wants. However, this is contrasted by the appeal of Zenigata's strict personality. Originally the series was only expected to last three months, but due to its popularity, Monkey Punch continued to draw it. However, despite his happiness at its success, he has expressed confusion over its popularity.[5]

Monkey Punch has said that he believes the story can never end but that if he had to, both Zenigata and Lupin would have to end as equals. They would either both fail, both win or both get very old.[7]

Monkey Punch did not ask permission to use the Arsène Lupin name and at the time Japan did not enforce trade copyrights. By the time Leblanc's estate launched legal action in Japan, the name was considered to have entered into common use.[1] However, this was not the case in North America and Europe and several foreign releases of Lupin III media dropped the Lupin III title and the character himself was renamed to "Rupan" or "Wolf". In France, the series was known as Edgar, Detective Cambrioleur (Edgar, Detective Burglar) with Lupin himself renamed "Edgar de la Cambriole" (Edgar of Burglary).[8] Monkey Punch has stated that using the same character design, behavior and face would be illegal, but using a name alone is not illegal.[2] In 2012, Leblanc's original Arsène Lupin entered the public domain in France due to 70 years passing since his death in 1941, and is in the public domain for any country that enforces the rule of the shorter term.[9]

Media

Manga

The original manga series was written and illustrated by Monkey Punch. It was serialized by Futabasha in Weekly Manga Action in 94 chapters from August 10, 1967. Additional chapters known as Lupin III New Adventures were released from August 12, 1971.[10][11] Tokyopop licensed the series for North America, and released all 14 volumes between December 10, 2002 and July 6, 2004.[12][13] The Tokyopop edition is adapted from the Chuokoron Shinsha edition from 1989.[14] In Europe, the series was licensed by Star Comics in Italy and Ediciones Mangaline in Spain.[15][16]

Monkey Punch began publishing the second Lupin manga, Shin Lupin III in Weekly Manga Actionon June 23, 1977 until 1981.[10][11] Three chapters were published in the British magazine Manga Mania between May and July 1996.[17][18][19] Tokyopop licensed the second series, and released the first 6 volumes as Lupin III – World's Most Wanted between September 7, 2004 and February 7, 2007. [20][21] Like the first series, the Tokyopop release was based on the Chuokoron Shinsha edition from 1990.[14] Tokyopop later cancelled the series due to low sales.[7]

A third manga series, later referred to as Lupin the 3rd S, began in January 1997. The story was written by Satosumi Takaguchi and illustrated by Shusay. Five stories were published in Action Second,[14] and collected into a single volume in June 1998.[22] A fourth manga series, Lupin III Y, was illustrated by Manatsu Yamakami. The series was serialized in Weekly Manga Action from August 11, 1998 until October 14, 2003 and the chapters were collected into 20 volumes published between June 27, 1999 and September 28, 2004.[23][24]

On August 27, 2004, Futabasha launched Lupin III Official Magazine, a quarterly publication of Lupin III manga by various authors.[25]

Lupin III M by Yukio Miyama began serialization in 2004.[26] 8 volumes were released between January 27, 2005 and September 12, 2008.[27][28] A rerelease across 4 volumes was published between February 19, 2009 and December 17, 2009.[29][30] It was succeeded by Lupin M Neo which was published on October 28, 2009 and a sixth volume was released on November 28, 2012.[31][32] Lupin III H by Naoya Hayakawa started in summer 2009. The first volume was released on October 12, 2010 and an eighth volume was released on March 27, 2015.[33][34] Lupin III B by Tamio Baba was serialized between 2012 and 2013. A collected volume was released on February 28, 2014.[35]

Yutaka Abe and Jirō Maruden produced a three chapter adaptation of the Lupin III vs. Detective Conan TV special. From August 25, they also created a manga adaptation of Lupin III vs. Detective Conan: The Movie for Shogakukans Shonen Super Sunday magazine.[36]

A number of spin offs focusing on individual characters were also created. Captain Zenigata was first released on September 12, 2011.[37] M.F.C (Mine Fujiko Company) was published as two volumes on September 28, 2009.[38][39]Goemon Ishikawa XIII by Kazuo Hoshi was released on September 27, 2014.[40]

Anime

Pilot film

Following the success of the manga series, TMS Entertainment and Toho produced a 12-minute Lupin III anime film adaptation.[8] Masaaki Ōsumi directed the movie, which was made in two different versions: a CinemaScope version intended for theatrical release and a 4:3 television version. The animation for the two versions was mainly the same, but the voice cast was different, with only Kiyoshi Kobayashi and Eiko Masuyama, voicing Daisuke Jigen and Fujiko Mine respectively, in both versions. By the time the pilot was completed in 1969, because of budget concerns and a disagreement between Toho and TMS, the film was never released.[8] Masaaki Ōsumi then moved on to direct the first Lupin III television series. The two versions of this pilot film were later released as part of the Lupin III Secret Files (シークレットファイル Rupan Sansei — Shīkuretto Fairu) collection.[41] Discotek Media included both versions in their 2012 release of the first TV series.[42]

Television series

On October 24, 1971, ytv began airing the first Lupin III television series. The series, was broadcast for 23 episodes, with the last one airing on March 26, 1972.[43] The series was initially directed by Masaaki Ōsumi, who was then replaced by Hayao Miyazaki and Isao Takahata.[44] Key animation direction was provided by Yasuo Ōtsuka.[45] The music was composed by Takeo Yamashita with many songs performed by Charlie Kosei.[46] The series received a record amount of orders from the broadcast industry and had a 9% viewing share during its original broadcast.[47][48] Monkey Punch has stated that this series is the closest to the original manga.[2] Discotek Media licensed and released the first series on DVD in North America on June 26, 2012.[49]

The second Lupin III television series began airing on NTV on October 3, 1977. This series, was broadcast for 155 episodes, with the last one airing on October 6, 1980.[43] Episodes 145 and 155 were written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki under the pseudonym Terekomu, and they marked his final involvement with the Lupin franchise.[50][51] The music for the series was composed by Yuji Ohno.[52] On September 3, 1979, Episode 99 was the first ever anime television episode to be broadcast in stereo.[43] Streamline Pictures released episodes 145 and 155 of the second television series to VHS as "Lupin III's Greatest Capers".[53] Pioneer Entertainment began distributing the second television series in North America on January 28, 2003.[54] Geneon hired Phuuz Entertainment Inc. to adapt and translate the series.[55] The first 79 episodes were released on 15 DVDs and the first 26 episodes aired numerous times on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim.[56] On December 20, 2015, Discotek Media announced they had licensed the series for North America and would release the series during 2016.[57]

In 1982, an animated television series called Lupin VIII was planned as a French-Japanese co-production, featuring the descendants of Lupin, Goemon, Jigen, and Zenigata, but was never completed.[8] Created by DiC Animation, with Rintaro directing, and character designs by Shingo Araki; two scripts were written, and one episode was fully animated with a music and sound effects track, but the voice-overs were never recorded. It has been suggested that the project was stopped due to Leblanc's estate wanting a large amount of money for use of the Lupin name.[8] The single episode was later included in the 2012 Lupin III Master File box set.[58]

The third Lupin III television series, called Lupin III Part III, began airing on ytv on March 3, 1984. This series was broadcast for 50 episodes and ended on November 6, 1985.[43] In 2009, the Southern California-based United Television Broadcasting network began airing subtitled episodes from all three series on their UTBHollywood channel.[59]

The fourth series, titled Lupin the Third: The Woman Called Fujiko Mine, aired on NTV between April 4, 2012 and June 27, 2012.[60] The 13 episode series depicts Fujiko meeting the rest of the Lupin III cast for the first time, and was created to capture the "sensuality" present in Monkey Punch's original manga.[60] Funimation Entertainment simulcast the series on their website and Nico Nico, with English subtitles.[61] It was then released in Blu-ray and Blu-ray/DVD sets on August 20, 2013, including an English-language dub.[62][63] Manga Entertainment released a similar set in the United Kingdom on September 16, while Hanabee released the series in a two-part combo set in Australasia, the first on October 16 and the second on November 20.[64][65]

The fifth series Lupin the Third Part 4 was announced in October 2014. The series is being created by Telecom Animation Film and is being directed by Kazuhide Tomonaga and Yuichiro Yano with scripts by Yūya Takahashi. The aim was to produce a series that combines two conflicting aspects of Lupin III, both hardboiled and comical. Yuji Ohno returned as composer for the series.[66] The series aired in Italy for 26 episodes on the Italia 1 channel between August 30, 2015 and November 30, 2015. The series received its Japan premiere on October 1, 2015 on NTV channel.[67] The series was added to the Crunchyroll service on January 7, 2016.[68]

Films

During the broadcast run of the second television series, an animated feature film was also produced titled simply Lupin III (later known as Lupin III: Lupin vs. the Clone), which was released in Japanese theaters on December 16, 1978.[10] The movie received four different English language dubs. The first dub, created in 1978, received experimental screenings in the United States by Toho.[69][70][71] The next two dubs were created for home releases and were retitled The Mystery of Mamo and Secret of Mamo.[2][71] The fourth was released on DVD by Geneon in North America on July 29, 2003, under the title The Secret of Mamo.[72] Manga Entertainment released the movie in the United Kingdom on August 4, 2008.[73] Discotek Media released the film on DVD on February 26, 2013 and includes all four English dubs.[74][75]

Hayao Miyazaki directed the next feature film, The Castle of Cagliostro, which was released in Japanese theaters on December 15, 1979.[43] This movie was loosely based on Maurice Leblanc's Arsène Lupin novel La Comtesse de Cagliostro ("The Countess of Cagliostro").[76] The third film, Legend of the Gold of Babylon, was released in Japanese theaters on July 13, 1985.[10] AnimEigo released the film in North America in 1994 under the "Rupan III" name.[8] In 2005, Discotek Media acquired it for a DVD release, however, it was later cancelled due to NA's declining anime industry.[77][78] Ten years after Babylon was released, Die! Nostradamus entered Japanese theaters on April 22, 1995.[10]

The fifth anime feature film, Dead or Alive, was directed by the creator of the series, Monkey Punch, and released in Japanese theaters on April 20, 1996.[43] Although he was credited as chief director for the production, Monkey Punch said that he left most of the work to his assistant directors and only directed the opening and ending sequences while acting as consultant for everything else.[6] Following the production of the movie, he stated that the process was so exhausting he would not like to direct another anime again.[5]

In April 2013, an announcement in Weekly Shōnen Sunday magazine revealed that a Lupin the 3rd vs. Detective Conan: The Movie was in production, four years after the two series had a crossover TV special together.[79][80] It was released on December 7, 2013, making it the first Lupin III theatrical feature in 17 years.[10] Takeshi Koike directed a continuation film to the Woman Called Fujiko Mine TV series. Entitled Daisuke Jigen's Gravestone, it depicts how Lupin and Jigen became partners and was released theatrically on June 21, 2014.[10][81]

Original video animations

The first Lupin III original video animation (OVA) was The Plot of the Fuma Clan, was shown in theatres in Japan on December 26, 1987 before being released to video on April 5, 1988.[10] Because of budget problems, TMS decided not to employ the regular voice cast from the television series and theatrical movies; instead, they hired a different cast to save money. Yasuo Yamada, the voice actor for Lupin, had always taken pride in his role as the title character and after the voice cast replacement, he mistakenly thought that Monkey Punch had lobbied the producers for a new voice actor. After the release, Monkey Punch tried to reassure Yamada that he had nothing to do with the producers' decision to use a new cast, and the regulars were reinstated for the first television special, Bye-Bye Liberty Crisis. Despite this, relations between Yamada and Monkey Punch were permanently strained by the affair.[82] AnimEigo owned the North American distribution rights to the OVA until 2006, when it was taken over by Discotek.[77]

The second OVA, Return of the Magician, was released on April 3, 2002, created as a part of the 30-year anniversary of the first television series and features the return of one of the original villains of the series, the magician Pycal[83] A third OVA, Green vs. Red, was released on April 2, 2008 as part of the 40th anniversary of the manga.[43] Discotek released Green vs. Red on May 21, 2013 in North America.[84]

The Lupin III Master File box set released in 2012 included a new short animation titled "Lupin Family Lineup" (ルパン一家勢揃い Rupan Ikka Seizoroi) where the veteran cast of Kanichi Kurita as Lupin, Kiyoshi Kobayashi as Jigen, Makio Inoue as Goemon, Eiko Masuyama as Fujiko, and Goro Naya as Zenigata reunited for the last time, after the later three were replaced for the previous year's TV special.[85] A parody flash anime titled Lupin Shanshei (ルパンしゃんしぇい Rupan Shanshei) was produced by animator Frogman and his studio DLE Inc. in collaboration with TMS. The ten shorts were released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on December 19, 2012.[86]

Television specials

On April 4, 1989, an animated television special titled Goodbye Lady Liberty aired on NTV, starting a yearly tradition of Lupin III television specials.[43] Manga Entertainment released this first special in the UK as Goodbye Lady Liberty in 1996.[8]

2007's Elusiveness of the Fog was broadcast on July 27 as part of the 40th anniversary celebration of the original manga, featuring the return of a villain from the original television series, Kyousuke Mamo.[43] A crossover special titled Lupin the 3rd vs. Detective Conan, featuring characters from both Lupin III and Detective Conan, aired on March 27, 2009, attracting a record audience share of 19.5.[87] On February 12, 2010, the 20th television special The Last Job aired in Japan.[88] The 2011 special Blood Seal - Eternal Mermaid brought new voice actors for Fujiko, Zenigata and Goemon, the first change in 16 years.[89] 2013's special, Princess of the Breeze - The Hidden City in the Sky, features Yui Ishikawa as its heroine Yutika.[90] A new TV special will be broadcast on January 8, 2016 as a tie-in with Lupin the third Part IV.[91]

Live-action

Main article: Lupin III (film)

The first Lupin III theatrical feature was a live-action movie released on August 3, 1974.[10]Lupin III Strange Psychokinetic Strategy (ルパン三世 念力珍作戦) included all of the main cast members with the exception of Goemon Ishikawa XIII.[8] In contrast to the dark theme of the first television series, the live-action feature was very heavy on slapstick humor and physics-defying stunts. A DVD was released in North America in 2006 by Discotek.[92]

WhiteLight Entertainment, a production company owned by Gerald R. Molen, purchased the live-action theatrical rights to Lupin III in 2003.[93] A live-action Filipino TV drama based on Lupin III, titled simply Lupin, aired on GMA Network from April 9 to August 17, 2007.[94]

On August 30, 2014 a new live action film was released in Japanese theaters.[10] Titled Lupin III, the film was directed by Ryuhei Kitamura. The cast features Shun Oguri as Lupin, Meisa Kuroki as Fujiko, Tetsuji Tamayama as Jigen, Go Ayano as Goemon, and Tadanobu Asano as Zenigata. Tomoyasu Hotei provided the theme song for the movie.[95] The film debuted as the second highest film of the week, behind Stand by Me Doraemon. It will be released in Australia in 2015 by Madman Entertainment.[96] A sequel is in development.[97]

Two stage adaptations have been produced. I'm Lupin was performed on November 5, 1999. The all-female acting troupe Takarazuka Revue began a stage musical adaptation of the series on January 1, 2015.[10]

Games

The first Lupin video game was released to arcades in Japan by Taito in 1980 as Lupin III. A Laserdisc video game entitled Cliff Hanger was released to arcades in North America in 1983 by Stern. While it used footage from Mystery of Mamo and The Castle of Cagliostro to provide a gaming experience similar to Dragon's Lair, it changes the characters' names and has an original plot.[8] Since then Lupin video games have been released for a number of platforms including Family Computer, Super Famicom, Sony Playstation, Sony Playstation 2, Sega Saturn, Nintendo DS and Sega Naomi.[98][99][100][101]

A range of Nine Pachinko machines have been produced by Heiwa since 1998.[102]

Soundtracks

Columbia Music Entertainment and VAP have both released numerous Lupin III music CDs in Japan. These include over 48 soundtrack albums by Takeo Yamashita and Yuji Ohno for the TV series, movies, and specials, as well as 15 collections of jazz arrangements by the Yuji Ohno trio, the Lupintic Five, and the Lupintic Sixteen.[103][104][105]

Geneon Entertainment has released two of the music CDs in the United States. Lupin the 3rd: Sideburn Club Mix is a collection of thirteen remixed themes from the first television series, which was released in conjunction with the first DVD volume on January 28, 2003.[106] Lupin the 3rd Original Soundtrack, released on April 8, 2003, is a collection of fifteen themes from the second television series performed by Yuji Ohno with his jazz group You & the Explosion Band.[107]

To celebrate the 40th anniversary of the series, a live concert was held on September 8, 2007 performed by Yuji Ohno and the Lupintic Sixteen; a concert DVD was released in Japan on December 21, 2007.[108] Play the Lupin clips x parts, a compilation of Lupin animation clips set to music from the series, as well as the opening and ending credits from a number of Lupin III productions, was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc in Japan on May 22, 2009.[109]

Music from the series has been covered by a range of artists, including Double, Ego-Wrappin' and The Ventures.[110][111][112]

Reception

The Lupin III franchise still remains popular in Japan; the manga was listed in 38th place on Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs' 2007 list of the top 50 manga series.[113] In 2000, satellite TV channel Animax together with Brutus, a men's lifestyle magazine, and Tsutaya, Japan's largest video rental chain, conducted a poll among 200,000 fans on the top anime series, with Lupin III coming in second.[114] TV Asahi conducted two polls in 2005 on the Top 100 Anime, Lupin III came in fifth in the nationwide survey conducted with multiple age-groups and in twelfth in the online poll.[115][116] The Castle of Cagliostro was in 5th place on Agency for Cultural Affairs' list of the best anime, while the original television series was in 50th place on the same list.[117] In 2001, the magazine Animage elected the original Lupin III TV series the ninth best anime production of all time.[118] In 2012, 38.7% of people polled by Tokyo Polytechnic University named Lupin III as part of Cool Japan.[119]

In Manga: The Complete Guide, Jason Thompson referred to Monkey Punch's original manga as "a crazy, groovy 1960s world of dynamite and backstabbing, hippies and gangsters", and considered it "a fascinating homage to Mad magazine and a four star example of comics as pure comedy." He rated the series four out of four stars.[120] Allen Divers of Anime News Network (ANN) praised the strong writing and action; however, he felt that the art was too primitive.[121] Otaku USAs Daryl Surat was also put off by the art, saying he couldn't tell most character apart and had a hard time figuring out what he was looking at. In The Rough Guide to Manga, Jason S. Yadao highlighted the example of how Lupin wearing a hat looks exactly like Zenigata. However, he considered it a successful plot device in once chapter that while it may take several attempts to understand, eventually pays off. He included the series in his list of 50 essential manga.[7] Many of the first volumes of the English edition of the Lupin III manga released by Tokyopop made it onto ICv2's list of top 50 graphic novels, as well as later volumes from the series.[122][123][124]

In Anime Classics Zettai!, Brian Clamp and Julie Davis compare the first two anime adaptions. They note that the first series is of a serious style, closer to the original manga with a dark tone and that it focuses on disputes between Lupin and other criminals. In contrast they sum up the second series as a caper comedy with a more comedic tone and style.[52] Both Chris Beveridge of Mania.com and Mike Crandol of ANN disliked the dub of the second television series because Pioneer Entertainment used many modern references and updated dialogue for a series that was released in the late 1970s, although the series itself received a positive overall review from both reviewers.[125][126] Rob Lineberger of DVD Verdict wrote, "Lupin the Third is James Bond meets Charlie's Angels with Scooby-Doo sensibilities."[127] Monkey Punch believes that the voice work of Yasuo Yamada was a large reason for the popularity of the anime series.[2]

Chris Beveridge of Mania.com gave the film a grade of "A+", although he disliked Manga Entertainment's use of PG-13 level language in the English dub.[128] While the film was not initially a box-office success, it gained popularity through numerous re-releases and was even voted as "the best anime in history" by the readers of Animage.[76][129] The film was the best-selling anime DVD in May 2001, and the third best selling in June.[130][131] Some fans maintain that it is not a "true" Lupin title, due to Miyazaki's altering of the titular character into a family-friendly hero, rather than his original ruthless criminal self.[8] While admitting that Cagliostro is the most well-known, ANN's Mike Crandol cited The Plot of the Fuma Clan as the best Lupin animation.[132] Mania.com gave 2002's Episode 0: First Contact an A+ and hailed it as the best TV special made to date.[133]

The Lupin III television specials released by Funimation have received reviews varying from positive to mixed. The most well-received seems to be Island of Assassins, with Chris Beveridge of Mania.com describing it as "the best non-TV Lupin experience ... since The Castle of Cagliostro",[134] Missed by a Dollar received an eight out of ten rating by IGN's Jeremy Mullin, who stated it starts off as seemingly a simple heist film, but turns out to have plenty of twists.[135] The least well-received of Funimation's releases is Secret of the Twilight Gemini, which received mixed reviews due to the animation and its B movie-style plot.[136][137] Mania.com gave 2002's Episode 0: First Contact an A+ and hailed it as the best TV special made to date.[133]

Legacy

Cowboy Bebop and Samurai Champloo director Shinichirō Watanabe revealed during an interview with Newtype Japan that he was heavily influenced by the work of director Masaaki Ōsumi on the first Lupin television series.[138] Animator Akihiro Kanayama has cited the animation of the anime adaption as an inspiration.[139]

Numerous series have made reference to the series including Magical Princess Minky Momo, Cat's Eye, Gunbuster, Urusei Yatsura, Cowboy Bebop, Here is Greenwood and FLCL.[140][141] Video game designer Hideo Kojima compared the personality of Lupin with Solid Snake in Metal Gear Solid, stating that in "MGS, Snake became this sharp-tongued, Lupin III-like guy who flirted with women and told lots of jokes".[142]

On March 30, 1984, the series was the last animated work to be featured on the cover of the Japanese TV Guide magazine before the implementation of a policy limiting the cover to live action images.[143] In 2006, Kanye West's "Touch the Sky" featured rapper Lupe Fiasco referencing Lupin III.[144] In 2008, the Lupin III-themed attraction "Lupin III: Labyrinth Trap", which has visitors track down treasure in a maze-like layout, opened at the Tokyo Dome City Attractions amusement park.[145]

In 2009, Japanese-Canadian rock band Monkey Majik created an animated music video in which its members meet the Lupin III cast. The video, that is set to the band's version of the anime's theme song, promoted the Lupin the Third Dance & Drive official covers & remixes CD.[146] A campaign titled "Lupin Steal Japan" was launched that same year by NTV, TMS Entertainment, Namco Bandai Games, and Heiwa — a manufacturer of pachinko machines. The project's website took suggestions on real-life objects for Lupin to steal. One such example is the Moai statue in Shibuya, which was taken elsewhere for cleaning on December 7, but was replaced by the calling card of the master thief that read "Thanks for the Moai".[147][148]

In celebration of the anime's 40th anniversary, the "This is the World of Lupin III" event was held at the Matsuya store in Ginza. From August 10 to August 22, 2011, over 300 items related to Lupin III were exhibited, including original manuscripts by Monkey Punch and animation cels from the feature films.[149] The following year a similar exhibit was held at the Kitakyushu museum from November 3 to December 28, and another at the Kawasaki City Museum from October until November 10, 2013.[150][151] The exhibit then moved to Aomori's Sunroad shopping centre from December 21, 2013 until January 21, 2014.[152]

In 2012, the Hokkaido Railway Company unveiled Lupin III-themed trains on their Hanasaki Line between Kushiro and Nemuro station, in honor of Monkey Punch, who is a native of Hokkaido. The train was originally to run until March 2015, but was then extended until March 2017.[153][154] From April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015, the city of Sakura in Chiba prefecture began accepting applications for Lupin III motorcycle and minicar license plates. Monkey Punch is a resident of the city and the plates were commissioned for the 60th anniversary of being awarded city status. The plates were limited to 3000 across 4 categories with 2500 plates reserved for 50cc vehicles.[155]

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